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Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Male Germline Development In Arabidopsis Thaliana
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Book Synopsis Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Male Germline Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Michael Borg
Download or read book Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Male Germline Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Michael Borg and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In flowering plants, the male gametophyte plays a vital role in plant fertility through the generation and delivery of two sperm cells to the embryo sac. A strict male germline is only established after meiosis when haploid microspores divide asymmetrically to form a small germ cell and large vegetative cell. This germ cell goes on to differentiate and divide once again to produce the functional twin sperm cells required for double fertilisation. Despite its importance in plant fertility and crop production, the mechanism integrating germ cell proliferation and specification during male gametogenesis has remained elusive. DUO1 is an evolutionary conserved unique R2R3-type MYB transcription factor that is specifically expressed in the male germline. DUO1 is the major determinant of male germline fate, regulating the expression of key specification genes required for fertilisation whilst integrating this with germ cell cycle progression through the regulation of the G2/M regulator CYCB1;1. DUO1 constitutes the major focus of this thesis and as such it addresses several aspects of DUO1 regulatory network. The first chapter of the thesis explores upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling male germline restricted expression in Arabidopsis. The expression of several genes, including DUO1, does not depend on a previously proposed derepression mechanism whilst DUO1 expression involves only positive promoter elements. The second chapter involves functional characterisation of the DUO1 protein, which has helped to delimit the transactivation domain of DUO1. This analysis has also provided insights into the evolutionary conserved supernumerary lysine residue present in the DUO1 MYB domain, which is likely to play a role in attenuating the rate of target gene transcription. The third part describes the analysis and verification of novel target genes in the DUO1 regulatory network. A mechanism for direct transactivation of target genes is also described whereby DUO1 binds to MYB sequences in target gene promoters. The final chapter concerns the functional analysis of two redundant DUO1-activated zinc finger (DAZ) EAR repressor proteins. Their intermediate role in coordinating male germ cell cycle progression is demonstrated by their ability to complement the cell cycle defect in the duo1 mutant. Furthermore, DAZ1 and DAZ2 also influence sperm cell specification, indicating that the DAZ subregulon also integrates specification with cell cycle progression. Together this data has provided compelling insights into the scale and architecture of the DUO1 male germline regulatory network controlling the production of functional sperm cells in flowering plants.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Sperm Cell Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Hoda A. T. Khatab
Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Sperm Cell Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Hoda A. T. Khatab and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of male and female gametes crucial for successful fertilisation, yet molecular mechanisms in these processes are largely unknown. The goal of the research presented in this thesis is to understand more about these mechanisms. A novel pollen division mutant, duo pollen 4 (duo4), that fails to produce twin sperm cells was investigated. Genetic analyses revealed that duo4 acts post-meiotically and does not affect female gametophyte development. The majority of duo4 germ cells complete DNA replication and fail to enter mitosis, but mutant germ cell appears to differentiate normally when crossed to different cell fate markers. Map-based cloning defined the DUO4 locus to a 14.5 kb region containing the Cdh1/Fzr/Ste9- related, APC activator gene, CCS52A1. Molecular genetic approaches were combined to identify the cause of the germline defects in duo4. Gene expression analysis, misexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) experiments indicate that the duo4 phenotype results from misexpression of CCS52A1 in the male germline. This is persuasive evidence that CCS52 activity is subject to tight control during male germ cell cycle progression. DUO1 is a major transcription regulator of germ cell division and differentiation and the second major objective describes the validation of four native target genes in the DUO1 regulatory network. These target genes encode metabolic and transport-related proteins. The activity of these promoters was shown to be DUO1-dependent in the male gametophyte or the male germline, highlighting the importance of the DUO1 regulon in a range of functions required for sperm cell development. Collectively, these results advance understanding of how the male gametes are produced, and provide an improved molecular understanding of reproduction in higher plants.
Book Synopsis A Study of Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Regulation in the Male Gametophyte of Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Said Salim Hafidh
Download or read book A Study of Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Regulation in the Male Gametophyte of Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Said Salim Hafidh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The haploid male gametophyte of angiosperms has an integral role in the production of twin sperm cells necessary for the double fertilization, the essence of flowering plants. However, the mechanisms regulating sperm cell formation and cell fate specification has yet to be identified. In this study, the thesis investigates the function of key cell cycle regulators and presents characterisation of a novel pollen division mutant of Arabidopsis (duo3) that fails to produce twin sperm cells. In addition, the project also examines the activity of small RNA (smRNA) pathways as a potential mechanism that modulates native gene expression. Pollen cell-specific vectors were constructed to drive the expression of hairpin double stranded RNA (hp-dsRNA) as tools for investigating the activity of smRNA pathways, and their efficacy was tested by manipulating expression of key cell cycle regulators in Arabidopsis. Indeed, expression of hp-dsRNA intended to knockdown transcripts of Cyclin B1 members, revealed a putative role Cyclin B1 in microspore and germ cell division. Furthermore, analysis of a Cyclin B1;1 reporter led to the identification of DUO1 (a pollen specific R2R3 MYB protein) but not DUO3 as a germ cell-specific regulator of Cyclin B1;1 expression. This interaction was further verified by rescuing mutant duo1 plants with Cyclin B1;1. Analysis of DUO3 expression revealed restricted patterns confined predominantly in dividing tissues. Moreover, study of Cyclin B1;1 reporter revealed mutant duo3 cells to be impaired in degrading Cyclin B1;1 protein, suggesting a role in modulating Cyclin B1;1 activity. In summary, this work has highlighted a potential role of the Cyclin B1 family in the development of the male gametophyte. Use of Cyclin B1;1 marker has demonstrated a first example of germ cell specific integrator of cell division and cell differentiation and a putative role of DUO3 in germ cell division. A significant progress has been achieved in understanding smRNA pathways and the vectors generated will be exploited to gain more insight into the development of the male gametophyte.
Book Synopsis Molecular Control of Arabidopsis Male Germline Development by DAZ1 and DAZ2 by : Nicholas Rutley
Download or read book Molecular Control of Arabidopsis Male Germline Development by DAZ1 and DAZ2 written by Nicholas Rutley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cellular and Genetic Control of Male Germline Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Abdur Rauf
Download or read book Cellular and Genetic Control of Male Germline Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Abdur Rauf and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Plant Cell Cycle written by Dirk Inzé and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the study of the plant cell cycle has become of major interest, not only to scientists working on cell division sensu strictu , but also to scientists dealing with plant hormones, development and environmental effects on growth. The book The Plant Cell Cycle is a very timely contribution to this exploding field. Outstanding contributors reviewed, not only knowledge on the most important classes of cell cycle regulators, but also summarized the various processes in which cell cycle control plays a pivotal role. The central role of the cell cycle makes this book an absolute must for plant molecular biologists.
Book Synopsis Plant Germline Development by : Anja Schmidt
Download or read book Plant Germline Development written by Anja Schmidt and published by Humana. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume explores common and numerous specialized methods to study various aspects of plant germline development and targeted manipulation, including imaging and hybridization techniques to study cell-type specification, cell lineage, signaling and hormones, cell cycle, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, cell-type specific methods for targeted ablation or isolation are provided, protocols to apply “omics” technologies and to perform bioinformatics data analysis, as well as methods relevant for aspects of biotechnology or plant breeding. This includes protocols that are relevant for the targeted manipulation of pathways, for crop plant transformation, or for conditional induction of phenotypes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Germline Development: Methods and Protocols serves as a comprehensive guide not only to studying basic questions related to different aspects of plant reproductive development but also for state of the art methods, in addition to being a source of inspiration for new approaches and research questions in many laboratories.
Book Synopsis Receptor-like Kinases in Plants by : Frans Tax
Download or read book Receptor-like Kinases in Plants written by Frans Tax and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-21 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing projects have revealed the presence of at least several hundred receptor kinases in a typical plant genome. Receptor kinases are therefore the largest family of primary signal transducers in plants, and their abundance suggests an immense signaling network that we have only just begun to uncover. Recent research findings indicate that individual receptor kinases fulfill important roles in growth and development, in the recognition of pathogens and symbionts or, in a few examples, in both growth and defense. This volume will focus on the roles of receptor kinases, their signaling pathways, and the ways in which these important signaling proteins are regulated.
Book Synopsis Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Shifts in Plant Evolution by : Verónica S. Di Stilio
Download or read book Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Shifts in Plant Evolution written by Verónica S. Di Stilio and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Tomato Genome by : Mathilde Causse
Download or read book The Tomato Genome written by Mathilde Causse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the strategy used for sequencing, assembling and annotating the tomato genome and presents the main characteristics of this sequence with a special focus on repeated sequences and the ancestral polyploidy events. It also includes the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major crop plant as well as a model for fruit development, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the species’ genetics and genomics. The book describes the numerous genetic and genomic resources available, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, as well as the strong synteny across Solanaceae species. Lastly, it discusses the consequences of the availability of a high-quality genome sequence of the cultivated species for the research community. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of tomato and Solanaceae.
Book Synopsis Methods In Arabidopsis Research by : Nam-hai Chua
Download or read book Methods In Arabidopsis Research written by Nam-hai Chua and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 1992-06-12 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the ways to make consistent progress in a particular field of biology consists in choosing a good model system on which to focus the experimental efforts of the scientific community. It has taken a long time for scientists interested in various aspects of the life of plants to reach some sort of consensus. With the advent and impact of molecular biology, the small weed Arabidopsis is now the object of rapidly growing scientific attention. Since it is reasonable to assume that the general molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the physiological, cellular and biochemical properties of plants will be essentially conserved in all plants, it follows that these mechanisms should also operate in Arabidopsis and hence that its genome should contain most of the genes that we need to know about if we want to understand the genetic determination of the life processes in plants.Arabidopsis has a small genome and well documented genetic studies are available. It is easy to grow in large numbers and mutants defining important genetically controlled mechanisms are either available, or can readily be obtained. Various methods to introduce and express isolated homologous or heterologous genes are available. It is therefore realistic and desirable to aim at exploring the genome of this plant in very great detail. As will be illustrated in this book all the elements for such a grand strategy are in place.More and more scientists are therefore willing to accept the obvious and very real practical disadvantages resulting from its small size when experiments call for the isolation of proteins, membranes, subcellular fractions etc, in order to benefit from its extraordinary experimental advantages as a model system in molecular genetics. One can safely predict that in the next decade studies with Arabidopsis will provide major breakthroughs in our understanding of most aspects of plant physiology and developmental biology. The importance of this knowledge for plant breeding and therefore for a sustainable highly productive agriculture cannot be overestimated. We therefore expect that this book will provide valuable guidelines to all those who are planning experiments aimed at understanding various aspects of plant growth, productivity and interactions with the environment. The book offers a wealth of methodical and theoretical information as well as valuable references. It should be of use to students, teachers, as well as advanced researchers and those breeders who want to use molecular techniques in breeding.
Download or read book Developmental Timing written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of Current Topics in Developmental Biology covers developmental timing, with contributions from an international board of authors. The chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as the timing of developmental programs in Drosophila, temporal patterning of neural progenitors, and environmental modulation of developmental timing.
Book Synopsis Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications by : Raúl Alvarez-Venegas
Download or read book Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications written by Raúl Alvarez-Venegas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-22 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decades, chromatin remodelling has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression and plant defense. This book provides a detailed understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in plants of agronomic importance. The information presented here is significant because it is expected to provide the knowledge needed to develop in the future treatments to manipulate and selectively activate/inhibit proteins and metabolic pathways to counter pathogens, to treat important diseases and to increase crop productivity. New approaches of this kind and the development of new technologies will certainly increase our knowledge of currently known post-translational modifications and facilitate the understanding of their roles in, for example, host-pathogen interactions and crop productivity. Furthermore, we provide important insight on how the plant epigenome changes in response to developmental or environmental stimuli, how chromatin modifications are established and maintained, to which degree they are used throughout the genome, and how chromatin modifications influence each another.
Book Synopsis Apomixis in Plants by : Lenn Jerling
Download or read book Apomixis in Plants written by Lenn Jerling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apomixis in Plants presents a comprehensive review of different aspects of asexual seed formation in plants. This is important in plant research since apomixis could greatly facilitate breeding in important crops. It is also interesting theoretically because it carries problems related to genetic variation and evolution to its extreme. The book features a broad selection of topics, including a historical review of ideas and landmarks in the field; comparisons with other types of asexual reproduction in higher plants and with related phenomena in animals and related plants; a presentation of cytology and embryology of apomicts and the diversified terminology in the field; views on the genetic background of apomixis and environmental effects on its expression; and the interrelation between apomixis and other traits. Additional topics covered include classical and modern theories of sexual versus asexual reproduction; geographical and taxonomical trends in apomicts; ecological implications of apomixis, and a review of future possibilities for using apomixis in plant breeding. Apomixis in Plants is an important reference volume for researchers and students in all areas of botany, ecology, and plant breeding.
Book Synopsis Systems Biology of RNA Binding Proteins by : Gene W. Yeo
Download or read book Systems Biology of RNA Binding Proteins written by Gene W. Yeo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-08 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After transcription in the nucleus, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) recognize cis-regulatory RNA elements within pre-mRNA sequence to form mRNA-protein (mRNP) complexes. Similarly to DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA elements in the promoters of genes, RBPs regulate the fate of target RNAs by interacting with specific sequences or RNA secondary structural features within the transcribed RNA molecule. The set of functional RNA elements recognized by RBPs within target RNAs and which control the temporal, functional and spatial dynamics of the target RNA define a putative “mRNP code”. These cis-regulatory RNA elements can be found in the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs), introns, and exons of all protein-coding genes. RNA elements in 5’ and 3’ UTRs are frequently involved in targeting RNA to specific cellular compartments, affecting 3’ end formation, controlling RNA stability and regulating mRNA translation. RNA elements in introns and exons are known to function as splicing enhancers or silencers during the splicing process from pre-mRNA to mature mRNA. This book provides case studies of RNA binding proteins that regulate aspects of RNA processing that are important for fundamental understanding of diseases and development. Chapters include systems-level perspectives, mechanistic insights into RNA processing and RNA Binding proteins in genetic variation, development and disease. The content focuses on systems biology and genomics of RNA Binding proteins and their relation to human diseases.
Book Synopsis Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development by : Eva Zažímalová
Download or read book Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development written by Eva Zažímalová and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auxin is an important signaling compound in plants and vital for plant development and growth. The present book, Auxin and its Role in Plant Development, provides the reader with detailed and comprehensive insight into the functioning of the molecule on the whole and specifically in plant development. In the first part, the functioning, metabolism and signaling pathways of auxin in plants are explained, the second part depicts the specific role of auxin in plant development and the third part describes the interaction and functioning of the signaling compound upon stimuli of the environment. Each chapter is written by international experts in the respective field and designed for scientists and researchers in plant biology, plant development and cell biology to summarize the recent progress in understanding the role of auxin and suggest future perspectives for auxin research.
Download or read book Endosperm written by Odd-Arne Olsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nutritive endosperm of angiosperms is mankind’s most important source of food, livestock feed and industrial raw material. This book is the first comprehensive overview of the developmental and molecular biology of endosperm. The text covers cereal endosperm development from fertilization to maturity, including molecular and cell biology of the syncytial phase. It also goes into the cellularization process and cell fate specification of the embryo surrounding region cells, the basal transfer cells, the starchy endosperm and aleurone cells.
