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Regulation Of Gene Expression In Animal Viruses
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Book Synopsis Regulation of Gene Expression in Animal Viruses by : Luis Carrasco
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression in Animal Viruses written by Luis Carrasco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses, being obligatory parasites of their host cells, rely on a vast supply of cellular components for their replication, regardless of whether infection leads to cell death or to the state of persistence. Animal viruses are providing scientists with relatively simple models to study the molecular biology of genome replication and gene expression. Whereas viruses use, in general, pathways of macromolecular biosynthesis common to the host cell, they have a cunning ability to adopt unusual mechanisms of gene expression and gene replication, provided these special pathways offer an advantage in competition for cellular resources. Any study of viral gene expression and replication is likely to lead also to new insights in cellular metabolism. The discoveries of cis-acting regulatory elements in transcription, the phenomenon of splicing of pre mRNA, and cap-dependent and cap-independent initiation of translation may be cited as examples. In addition, animal virus genomes contain elements and encode proteins that are very useful for the design of vectors for gene cloning and expression in mammalian cells. Apart from the basic interest in their biology, viruses have gained notoriety, of course, because they are pathogens. Human animal viruses may cause diseases ranging from the deadly (AIDS) to the benign (common cold). All studies on animal viruses potentially lead to the development of tools for their control, be it through prevention by immunization or treatment with antiviral drugs. Finally, viruses have yielded invaluable reagents in molecular biology as, for example, the vaccinia virus vector for the expression of foreign genes.
Book Synopsis Regulation and Genetics by : H. Fraenkel-Conrat
Download or read book Regulation and Genetics written by H. Fraenkel-Conrat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time seems ripe for a critical compendum of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having passed only recently through its descriptive phase of naming and numbering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new-truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniques of molecular biology, genetics, biochemical cytology, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 22 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and disjointed, and scattered throughout a wide literature. In this way, we hope to place the entire field in perspective, and to develop an invalua ble reference and sourcebook for researchers and students at all levels. This series is designed as a continuum that can be entered anywhere, but which also provides a logical progression of developing facts and integrated concepts.
Book Synopsis Initiation Signals in Viral Gene Expression by : A. J. Shatkin
Download or read book Initiation Signals in Viral Gene Expression written by A. J. Shatkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elucidating Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Genetic Expression by Studying Animal Viruses AARON 1. SHATIGN* Eukaryotic genetic expression is carefully regulated. Normal cell growth and division, tis sue differentiation, and organism development all depend on a strictly ordered progres sion of specific events. Perturbation of the control of these processes, for example by ex posure to harmful chemicals or infection with viruses leads to aberrant forms of meta bolism, often resulting in malignancies and cell death. One of the most challenging problems in biology is to derme at the molecular level the mechanisms that govern gene function in higher organisms, including ultimately man. This goal serves to unify the diverse efforts of many investigators, whether studying the precise patterns of embryo genesis, the loss of control that occurs during neoplastic growth or the redirection of biosynthetic pathways in virus-infected cells. Recently there has been remarkable and exciting progress toward understanding the molecular biology of eukaryotic expression. Much of this rapidly increasing new infor mation has come from studies of animal virus systems. Just as investigations of the relatively simple, rapidly assayed, and easily manipulated bacteriophages lead to basic discoveries about prokaryotic cells, analyses of animal viruses and their interactions with host cells have provided fundamental information about how eukaryotic nucleic acids are organized for regulated replication, transcription, and translation. For example, the small genome of SV , like cellular DNA in chromatin, is associated with histones to 40 form nucleosomal arrays (Griffin 1975).
Book Synopsis Regulation and Genetics, Genetics of Animal Viruses by : Robert R. Wagner
Download or read book Regulation and Genetics, Genetics of Animal Viruses written by Robert R. Wagner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1977 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Epstein-Barr Virus by : M. A. Epstein
Download or read book The Epstein-Barr Virus written by M. A. Epstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Epstein-Barr virus was discovered 15 years ago. Since that time an immense body of information has been accumu lated on this agent which has come to assume great signifi cance in many different fields of biological science. Thus, the virus has very special relevance in human medicine and oncology, in tumor virology, in immunology, and in mole cular virology, since it is the cause of infectious mononu cleosis and also the first human cancer virus, etiologically related to endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and probably to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, continuous human lymphoid cell lines initiated and maintained by the transform ing function of the virus genome provide a laboratory tool with wide and ever-growing applications. Innumerable papers on the Epstein-Barr virus have ap peared over recent years and reports of work with this agent now constitute a veritable flood. The present book provides the first and only comprehensive, authoritative over-view of all aspects of the virus by authors who have been the original and major contributors in their particular disciplines. A complete and up-to-date survey of this unique and important agent is thus provided which should be of great interest to experts, teachers, and students engaged in cancer research, virology, immunology, molecular biology, epide miology, and cell culture. Where topics have been dealt with from more than one of these viewpoints, some inevitable overlap and duplication has resulted; although this has been kept to a minimum, it has been retained in some places because of positive usefulness.
Book Synopsis The Baculoviruses by : Lois K. Miller
Download or read book The Baculoviruses written by Lois K. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has witnessed an explosion of information on the molecular biology of insect viruses and a frenzy of activity in applying this information to medicine and agriculture. Genetically engineered baculoviruses are presently being tested for commercial use as pesticides, and the study of such viruses is also revealing remarkable insights into basic cellular processes such as apoptosis. This comprehensive volume provides readers with knowledge of basic and applied baculovirology so that current literature in the field can be appreciated.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Book Synopsis 9. Regulation and Genetics: Genetics of Animal Viruses by :
Download or read book 9. Regulation and Genetics: Genetics of Animal Viruses written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Nature and Organization of Retroviral Genes in Animal Cells by : David R. Strayer
Download or read book The Nature and Organization of Retroviral Genes in Animal Cells written by David R. Strayer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: l RNA tumor viruses have become increasingly utilized in studies of cellular transformation and gene regulation. The genes of retroviruses exist in two forms; as extrachromosomal, RNA-containing, infectious particles and as DNA pro 2 viruses stably associated with cell genes. Components from the extracellular form can be collected in large quantity and purified for the preparation of molec ular probes. These probes can be used to dissect the sequence of events required for the establishment and expression of the integrated form. Furthermore the 2 genomes of retroviruses originated from normal cell genes, genes called virogenes • The nucleic acid and protein probes isolated from these viruses are therefore useful for studying the nature and expression of this normal cell gene and in elucidating the physiological role of its products. RNA tumor viruses perhaps offer us one of the most complete sets of biochemical reagents and biological responses for examining gene regulation in vertebrates and for studying the consequences of aberrant gene regulation on cell growth in tissue culture and in animals. Further more, there is an increasing conviction that virogenes play an important role in normal development and/or differentiation (RISSER, STOCKERT and OLD, 1978). Consequently, there is a growing feeling that DNA proviruses are altered viro genes and are capable of interfering with normal development or differentiation, causing reprogrammed growth or the incapacity to specialize.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants by : Carole L. Bassett
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants written by Carole L. Bassett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents some of the most recent, novel and fascinating examples of transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of gene expression in plants and, where appropriate, provides comparison to notable examples of animal gene regulation.
Book Synopsis Protein Expression in Animal Cells by :
Download or read book Protein Expression in Animal Cells written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-10-18 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critically acclaimed for more than 25 years, the Methods in Cell Biology series provides an indispensable tool for the researcher. Each volume is carefully edited by experts to contain state-of-the-art reviews and step-by-step protocols. Techniques are described completely so that methods are made accessible to users. Describes both well-established and novel recombinant vector systems for expression of proteins Presents methods for efficient delivery of recombinant genes into differentiated cells, tissues, and whole animals Covers high-level and inducible systems, plus assays for protein expression Provides beginning and advanced investigators and students with the information they need to choose the optimal viral or plasmid system for their protein Practical, benchtop-style presentation works in lab and in the classroom
Download or read book RNA Viruses written by Decheng Yang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book on human/animal gene responses to RNA viral infections, including prevalent, emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses such as HIV, SARS-CoV, West Nile virus, influenza virus and many others. Human gene responses are reviewed by leading virologists worldwide in the following aspects: (i) the altered gene expression profiles at the transcriptional and translational levels detected with cutting-edge technologies such as cDNA microarray and proteomics; (ii) host innate and adapted immune responses to viral replication in target organs; (iii) virus-activated signal transduction pathways in cell survival, apoptosis and autophagosomal pathways; and (iv) the small interfering RNA/microRNA-mediated gene silencing pathway, a recently characterized new host defense mechanism against viral infection. Organized into 29 highly accessible and well-illustrated chapters, this volume explores state-of-the-art knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of RNA virus infection and host?virus interactions. This comprehensive compilation of the altered gene expression profiles and signal transduction pathways in host cells in response to the majority of human/animal RNA viruses opens new directions for basic and clinical research on viral pathogenesis, and also provides valuable biomarkers for researchers to select gene targets in the development of diagnostic tests and antiviral therapeutics for a number of infectious diseases.
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Modifications and Viral Infections by : Silvia Carolina Galvan
Download or read book Epigenetic Modifications and Viral Infections written by Silvia Carolina Galvan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is defined as the study of modifications of the genome, heritable during cell division that does not involve changes in DNA sequences. Up to date, epigenetic modifications involve at least three general mechanisms regulating gene expression: histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). For the past two decades, an explosion in our interest and understanding of epigenetic mechanisms has been seen. This mainly based on the influence that epigenetic alterations have on an amazing number of biological processes, such as gene expression, imprinting, programmed DNA rearrangements, germ line silencing, developmentally cued stem cell division, and overall chromosomal stability and identity. It has become also evident that the constant exposure of living organisms to environment factors affects their genomes through epigenetic mechanisms. Viruses infecting animal cells are thought to play central roles in shaping the epigenetic scenario of infected cells. In this context it has become obvious that knowing the impact that viral infections have on the epigenetic control of their host cells will certainly lead to a better understanding of the interplay viruses have with animal cells. In fact, DNA viruses use host transcription factors as well as epigenetic regulators in such a way that they affect epigenetic control of gene expression that extends to host gene expression. At the same time, animal cells employ mechanisms controlling transcription factors and epigenetic processes, in order to eliminate viral infections. In summary, epigenetic mechanisms are involved in most virus-cell interactions. We now know that some viruses exhibit epigenetic immune evasion mechanisms to survive and propagate in their host; however, there is still much ambiguity over these epigenetic mechanisms of viral immune evasion, and most of the discovered mechanisms are still incomplete. Other animal viruses associated to cancer often deregulate cellular epigenetic mechanisms, silencing cellular tumor-suppressor genes and/or activating either viral or host cell oncogenes. In addition, in several cancers the down-regulation of tumor suppressor protein-coding genes and ncRNAs with growth inhibitory functions, such as miRNAs, have been closely linked to the presence of cell CpG island promoter hypermethylation. The goal of the aforementioned Research Topic is to bring together the key experimental and theoretical research, linking state-of-the-art knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms involved in animal virus-cell interactions.
Book Synopsis Herpesvirus Transcription and Its Regulation by : Edward K. Wagner
Download or read book Herpesvirus Transcription and Its Regulation written by Edward K. Wagner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-01-03 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The herpesviruses are arguably the most successful animal viruses, and nearly 100 distinct examples have been described. Currently, a number of active research groups throughout the world are making important contributions concerning the precise molecular nature of herpesvirus transcripts, the proteins they encode, and the viral and host factors responsible for the control of their expression. Herpesvirus Transcription and Its Regulation describes current programs in a number of leading laboratories and emphasizes the research regarding herpes simplex virus type 1, due primarily to its importance in herpesvirus research. However, several other well-characterized herpesviruses are also described. New research areas covered include molecular analyses of herpesvirus regulatory functions and herpes simplex virus latent phase gene expression. This volume is a timely guide for established research workers and advanced students currently engaged in research on animal virology, viral pathogenesis, and virus-host interactions.
Book Synopsis Gene Expression Systems by : Joseph M. Fernandez
Download or read book Gene Expression Systems written by Joseph M. Fernandez and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-12-21 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene Expression Systems: Using Nature for the Art of Expression offers detailed information on a wide variety of gene expression systems from an array of organisms. It describes several different types of expression systems including transient, stable, viral, and transgenic systems. Each chapter is written by a leader in the field. The book includes timelines and examples for each expression system, and provides an overview of the future of recombinant protein expression. Provides detailed information on expression systems Covers a variety of promoters and host organisms enabling researchers to tailor protocols to their specific needs Includes timelines and examples Compares pros and cons of each method
Book Synopsis Control of Gene Expression by : Alexander Kohn
Download or read book Control of Gene Expression written by Alexander Kohn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OHOLO Conferences have been convened annually from the Spring of 1956; the wide areas they have covered, from different and overlapping disciplines, can be seen from the following list: 1956 Bacterial Genetics (not published) 1957 Tissue Cultures in Virological Research (not published) 1958 Inborn and Acquired Resistance to Infection in Animals (not published) 1959 Experimental Approach to Mental Diseases (not published) 1960 Cryptobiotic Stages in Biological Systems* 1961 Virus-Cell Relationships** 1962 Biological Synthesis and Function of Nucleic Acids** 1963 Cellular Control Mechanism of Macromolecular Synthesis** 1964 Molecular Aspects of Immunology** 1965 Cell Surfaces** 1966 Chemistry and Biology of Psychotropic Agents (not published) 1967 Structure and Mode of Action of Enzymes** 1968 Growth and Differentiation of Cells In Vitro** 1969 Behaviour of Animal Cells in Culture** 1970 Microbial Toxins** 1971 Interaction of Chemical Agents with Cholinergic Mechanisms** 1972 Immunity in Viral and Rickettsial Diseases*** The participants who attend these Conferences are drawn from dif ferent scientific institutions in Israel and from many foreign countries; they are engaged in fields of study which represent widely divergent approaches to biology. Thus a distinguishing feature of the OHOLO meetings has been their multi-disciplinary nature. Published by Elsevier Publishing Co. , Amsterdam (1960). * ** Published by the Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona. *** Published by Plenum Press, New York (1972). ix PREFACE x These small international conferences are also characterized by their relaxed atmosphere, with ample time for informal as well as formal discussions.
Book Synopsis Gene Transfer to Animal Cells by : Richard Twyman
Download or read book Gene Transfer to Animal Cells written by Richard Twyman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2004-12-01 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene transfer to animal cells was first achieved more than thirty years ago. Since then, transformation technology has developed rapidly, resulting in a multitude of techniques for cell transformation and the creation of transgenic animals. As with any expanding technology, it becomes difficult to keep track of all the developments and to find a concise and comprehensive source of information that explains all the underlying principles. Gene Transfer to Animals Cells addresses this problem by describing the principles behind gene transfer technologies, how gene expression is controlled in animal cells and how advanced strategies can be used to add, exchange or delete sequences from animal genomes in a conditional manner. A final chapter provides an overview of all the applications of animal cell transformation in farming, medicine and research.
