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Regulating Covert Action
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Book Synopsis Regulating Covert Action by : William Michael Reisman
Download or read book Regulating Covert Action written by William Michael Reisman and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covert activity has always been a significant element of international politics. This book attempts to assess the lawfulness of covert action under US and international law and faces the implications for democratic states that covert operations pose.
Book Synopsis Secrecy and Oversight: U.S. Law and the Domestic Politics of Covert Action by : Melinda H. Haas
Download or read book Secrecy and Oversight: U.S. Law and the Domestic Politics of Covert Action written by Melinda H. Haas and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars have focused on the choice of covert action over overt use of military force. But covert action is not monolithic--it includes psychological, political, economic, and paramilitary activity--and current theories do not explain under what conditions each covert option is chosen. Congress regulates the CIA's capacity to conduct covert action as part of its oversight of national security agencies. I categorize laws passed by Congress to regulate covert action along two dimensions: authority (prohibitive or enabling) and doctrine (substantive or procedural). Using logistic regression, I find that Congress is more likely to choose substantive laws when faced with recent intelligence scandals. Congress is less likely to create a prohibitive law as support by the president's party and the opposition party increases. These results are supported by the legislative history of a sample of these laws. I argue that these laws lead to a shift in covert action components that can best be explained through the interaction of principal-agent dynamics and the variation that exists in the perception that Congress's laws are binding on the behavior of the executive and the national security agencies. To test this theory, I engage in process tracing of primary source documents of decision-making related to U.S. involvement in the Angolan civil war (1974-1989) and the Yugoslavian civil war (1992-1995). The results suggest that covert actions are modified in response to legal regulations, but sometimes in unanticipated ways that attempt to evade these laws. Substantive, prohibitive laws can result in an escalation of the violence of covert action, contrary to the intent of Congress. But procedural, prohibitive laws can caution decision-makers and slow escalation. Third parties, especially those invested in but not actively participating in the conflict, serve as a vital conduit for this covert activity but ensure an attenuated relationship to the U.S.
Book Synopsis Regulating Covert Action by : William Michael Reisman
Download or read book Regulating Covert Action written by William Michael Reisman and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covert activity has always been a significant element of international politics. This book attempts to assess the lawfulness of covert action under US and international law and faces the implications for democratic states that covert operations pose.
Book Synopsis The Third Option by : Loch K. Johnson
Download or read book The Third Option written by Loch K. Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Loch Johnson's new book explores the subject of covert action, often referred to as a "Third Option" between America's use of diplomacy and warfare---a shadowy approach to international affairs based on the controversial use of secret propaganda, political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations (whether clandestine warfare or assassinations). The three major instruments that guide United States foreign policy are the Treaty Power, the War Power, and the Spy Power. Within the category of Spy Power is the "Third Option" the use of covert action. Ever since the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947, the US has often turned to the third option in the conduct of its international relations. This controversial approach includes covert propaganda campaigns, subversive political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations ranging from clandestine warfare to the assassination of foreign leaders. From the beginning of the Cold War to the present day, America's intelligence and national security agencies have employed all of these "third option" tools in order to advance America's global interests. In The Third Option, the eminent national security scholar Loch Johnson provides a history of American covert warfare from 1947 to the present. In particular, he focuses on the morality and consequences of America's heavily veiled attempts to shape global affairs through its covert actions. Over the course of the book, a fundamental question comes into focus: Of what value has the Third Option been to the US as a complement to the nation's more open battlefield and diplomatic initiatives? Just as importantly, Johnson exposes the conflict between this controversial approach to achieving America's international objectives and the ideals that the US has always propounded: democracy, human rights, and liberalism. The Third Option closes with a sharp assessment of the policy, measuring its failures versus its successes. A richly detailed synthesis of America's covert action program ever since it became the world's preeminent power, this book serves as an ideal introduction for anyone interested in US foreign and national security policy.
Book Synopsis American Covert Operations by : J. Ransom Clark
Download or read book American Covert Operations written by J. Ransom Clark and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces our country's long history of covert and special operations, focusing on the similarities and differences in the practice from the Revolutionary War to the present. Long before the creation of the CIA, the American government utilized special intelligence strategies with varying degrees of success. Even though critics throughout time have questioned the effectiveness and legitimacy of these tactics, presidents from George Washington to Barack Obama have employed secret operations to benefit the nation's best interest. This book follows America's history of intelligence gathering, undercover operations, and irregular warfare. Through chronologically organized chapters, the author examines secret military maneuvers, highlighting the elements common to covert and special operations across historical eras, and concluding with a chapter on national security since the attacks of September 11, 2001.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence by : Loch K. Johnson
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence written by Loch K. Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-12 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence is a state-of-the-art work on intelligence and national security. Edited by Loch Johnson, one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, the handbook examines the topic in full, beginning with an examination of the major theories of intelligence. It then shifts its focus to how intelligence agencies operate, how they collect information from around the world, the problems that come with transforming "raw" information into credible analysis, and the difficulties in disseminating intelligence to policymakers. It also considers the balance between secrecy and public accountability, and the ethical dilemmas that covert and counterintelligence operations routinely present to intelligence agencies. Throughout, contributors factor in broader historical and political contexts that are integral to understanding how intelligence agencies function in our information-dominated age.
Book Synopsis Covert Action by : Gregory F. Treverton
Download or read book Covert Action written by Gregory F. Treverton and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Centaur's Dilemma by : James E. Baker
Download or read book The Centaur's Dilemma written by James E. Baker and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the legal and practical questions posed by the use of artificial intelligence in national security matters The increasing use of artificial intelligence poses challenges and opportunities for nearly all aspects of society, including the military and other elements of the national security establishment. This book addresses how national security law can and should be applied to artificial intelligence, which enables a wide range of decisions and actions not contemplated by current law. James Baker, an expert in national security law and process, adopts a realistic approach in assessing how the law—even when not directly addressing artificial intelligence—can be used, or even misused, to regulate this new technology. His new book covers, among other topics, national security process, constitutional law, the law of armed conflict, arms control, and academic and corporate ethics. With his own background as a judge, he examines potential points of contention and litigation in an area where the law is still evolving and might not yet provide clear and certain answers. The Centaur's Dilemma also analyzes potential risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence in the realm of national security—including the challenges of machine-human interface, operating (or not operating) the national-security decision-making process at machine speed, and the perils of a technology arms race. Written in plain English, The Centaur's Dilemma will help guide policymakers, lawyers, and technology experts as they deal with the many legal questions that will arise when using artificial intelligence to plan and carry out the actions required for the nation's defense.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book by :
Download or read book Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Covert Operations as a Tool of Presidential Foreign Policy in American History from 1800 to 1920 by : John J. Carter
Download or read book Covert Operations as a Tool of Presidential Foreign Policy in American History from 1800 to 1920 written by John J. Carter and published by Edwin Mellen Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Covert Action written by Chuck Banks and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945-1950 by : United States. Department of State
Download or read book Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945-1950 written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The CIA's Black Ops by : John Jacob Nutter, Ph.D
Download or read book The CIA's Black Ops written by John Jacob Nutter, Ph.D and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2009-12-04 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast array of CIA black "ops" (operations) has turned the agency into a policy maker dangerously independent of the government that created it. This is an unprecedented declassification of foreign exploits and domestic secrets.
Download or read book Covert Action written by Cory J. Biram and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when the United States military is reducing its commitments to the Global War on Terrorism and reassessing how it will manage limited resources in a budget-constrained environment, the country is at a critical juncture in which it must evaluate its foreign policy and counterterrorism strategy. The United States faces this challenge on the heels of twelve years of war that saw the decline of its reputation throughout the world. It is vital that the United States Government and the American people carefully scrutinize the policies and activities the United States will pursue during this challenging time. This thesis assists with these efforts by examining one foreign policy tool, the use of covert action. Based on an examination of publicly available information on this complex foreign policy instrument, I conclude that covert operations often contradict and undermine American principles of democracy and international law. Additionally, this work demonstrates that past U.S. covert action has a poor record of success and has frequently caused unintended negative consequences. To create an international environment more favorable to U.S. interests, this thesis suggests that the United States should reconfigure its concept of national security around an enduring objective of global human security. A critical early step in this process should be the abandonment of covert action.
Book Synopsis Global Business Regulation by : John Braithwaite
Download or read book Global Business Regulation written by John Braithwaite and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-02-13 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How has the regulation of business shifted from national to global institutions? What are the mechanisms of globalization? Who are the key actors? What of democratic sovereignty? In which cases has globalization been successfully resisted? These questions are confronted across an amazing sweep of the critical areas of business regulation--from contract, intellectual property and corporations law, to trade, telecommunications, labor standards, drugs, food, transport and environment. This book examines the role played by global institutions such as the World Trade Organization, World Health Organization, the OECD, IMF, Moodys and the World Bank, as well as various NGOs and significant individuals. Incorporating both history and analysis, Global Business Regulation will become the standard reference for readers in business, law, politics, and international relations.
Download or read book Spec Ops written by William H. McRaven and published by Presidio Press. This book was released on 2009-02-04 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vice Adm. William H. McRaven helped to devise the strategy for how to bring down Osama bin Laden, and commanded the courageous U.S. military unit that carried it out on May 1, 2011, ending one of the greatest manhunts in history. In Spec Ops, a well-organized and deeply researched study, McRaven analyzes eight classic special operations. Six are from WWII: the German commando raid on the Belgian fort Eben Emael (1940); the Italian torpedo attack on the Alexandria harbor (1941); the British commando raid on Nazaire, France (1942); the German glider rescue of Benito Mussolini (1943); the British midget-submarine attack on the Tirpitz (1943); and the U.S. Ranger rescue mission at the Cabanatuan POW camp in the Philippines (1945). The two post-WWII examples are the U.S. Army raid on the Son Tay POW camp in North Vietnam (1970) and the Israeli rescue of the skyjacked hostages in Entebbe, Uganda (1976). McRaven—who commands a U.S. Navy SEAL team—pinpoints six essential principles of “spec ops” success: simplicity, security, repetition, surprise, speed and purpose. For each of the case studies, he provides political and military context, a meticulous reconstruction of the mission itself and an analysis of the operation in relation to his six principles. McRaven deems the Son Tay raid “the best modern example of a successful spec op [which] should be considered textbook material for future missions.” His own book is an instructive textbook that will be closely studied by students of the military arts. Maps, photos.
Book Synopsis The Role of U.S. Covert Action in a Changing World Order by : Susan Lynn Assaf
Download or read book The Role of U.S. Covert Action in a Changing World Order written by Susan Lynn Assaf and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis assesses the changing dynamics of covert action as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy. Four primary variables are researched in the context of the Cold War period and the emerging new world order. These variables include: (1) the broad characteristics of the international environment that guide relations between international aactors; (2) the primary U.S. foreign policy objectives as examined through presidential doctrines; (3) the acceptance of interventionism in both domestic and international domains, and; (4) moral considerations in the policymaking process of a democratic society. The study conclued that while the primary forces creating the impetus for the institutionalization of covert operations in U.S. foreign policy have disappeared with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the fundamental role of convert action itself has been little effected. The structural system supporting such action has, however, undergone significant changes which are outlined in the study. The U.S. administration has created new justifications for the existence of covert action in an effort to be compatible with its own definition of the new world order.
