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Regenerative Process For Desulfurization Of High Temperature Combustion And Fuel Gases Progress Report No 13 April 1 September 30 1979
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Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Progress Report No. 13, April 1-September 30, 1979 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Progress Report No. 13, April 1-September 30, 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various types of portland cement were subjected to sulfation/regeneration cycling for application in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) systems. Among them, Type III was the most reactive sorbent for SO2 absorption. Sulfated portland cement is highly superior in its resistance to attrition than sulfated limestone which has serious attrition loss problems in fluidized-bed combustors. An isothermal sulfation/regeneration cycle for portland cement Type III pellets has been evaluated. Sulfation reactivity was optimized as a function of the quantity of carbon and water used in preparing the pellets. The sulfation rate was independent of the type of carbon used. Cement kiln dust, a waste product, was also teated as an absorbent for SO2. TGA experiments on the extent of regeneration and SO2 concentration in the off-gas under various pressures and temperatures are being conducted. This information is of importance to pressurized fluidized bed (PFC) operations. Cycling of Type III portland cement pellets between sulfation and regeneration conditions indicate good maintenance of capacity with little deterioration after 20 cycles. These cycling experiments are continuing. Experiments are being made with a 3'' rotary kiln to provide information on kiln performance under various operating conditions. Among the variables considered are temperature, residence time, extent of regeneration and SO2 concentration in the off gas. The feasibility of an alternative regeneration scheme has been studied.
Book Synopsis Regenerative process for desulfurization of high temperature combustion and fuel gases by : Brookhaven National Laboratory
Download or read book Regenerative process for desulfurization of high temperature combustion and fuel gases written by Brookhaven National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases by : Meyer Steinberg
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases written by Meyer Steinberg and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases by : R. T. Yang
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases written by R. T. Yang and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases by : R. T. Yang
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases written by R. T. Yang and published by . This book was released on with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 2, July 1--September 30, 1976 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 2, July 1--September 30, 1976 written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory facilities and equipment have been acquired and are being installed. The feasibility of using dicalcium silicate as a SO2 sorbent at about 800°C has been determined. A preliminary flow sheet describing the process has been prepared. Tasks for the next quarter are planned.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Progress Report No. 14, October 1-December 31, 1979 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Progress Report No. 14, October 1-December 31, 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characteristics of Portland Type III cement (PC III) as a potential sorbent for use in a regenerative process for desulfurization of coal in fluidized-bed combustion were examined. The sulfation rates for PC III + 5% amorphous SiO2 at temperatures between 860 and 1100°C and at 1 atm were studied thermogravimetrically, using a simulated combustion gas mixture containing 0.25% SO2. The sulfation rates were found to be independent of temperature between 950 and 1050°C. The isothermal regeneration with a mixture consisting of 5% CO, 15% CO2 and the balance N2, in this 100°C temperature interval approached an equilibrium value of over 90% within thirty minutes. Sulfation/regeneration efficiency did not decrease with cycling and was unaffected by additives introduced to increase the porosity and/or conversion of free CaO in PC III to silicates which are known to be more regenerative than CaSO4. Pressurized TGA experiments within the optimum sulfation temperature range were conducted at 5 and 10 atm to establish the viability of this sorbent for pressurized fluidized-bed combustion use. Within the experimental accuracy, no pressure dependence of sulfation rate was observed. Our experiments indicate that the attrition resistance of PC III is significantly better than natural limestones.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 12, January 1-March 31, 1979 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 12, January 1-March 31, 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland cement, a calcium-based sorbent, was found to have a high sulfation reactivity. Spherical pellets, formed from powdered Portland cement by granulation, had exceptional higher resistance to attrition than natural limestone or dolomite, both of which had serious attrition losses in fluidized-bed reactors. The effect of carbon addition to Portland cement type III pellets on sulfation rates has been studied. A greater percentage of burnable carbon would leave more pores, and therefore increase the sulfation ability. An evaluation between sulfation reactivity and attrition resistance will be made to obtain the best combination. Experiments have been conducted on calcination and subsequent sulfation of calcium silicates and Greer limestone in a pressurized TGA. At 10 atm, calcium silicates sulfated better than limestone. A rotary kiln, 3'' ID, has been completed and is now undergoing preliminary tests for temperature, feed rate and residence time. The effect of CO/sub 2/ concentation on the reductive decomposition of the sulfated sorbent has been investigated. Results of this study would provide the necessary information for an efficient design of sorbent regeneration processes. The mechanisms of the solid-solid reaction taking place in the regeneration: 2CaSO/sub 4/ + C .-->. 2CaO + 2SO/sub 2/ + CO/sub 2/ are being studied. It has been shown that gaseous intermediates exist in the CaSO/sub 4/-C reaction, and are most likely supplied by the CaSO/sub 4/ decomposition.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 5, April 1--June 30, 1977 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 5, April 1--June 30, 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sulfation rate of reagent-grade monocalcium silicate is of the same order of magnitude as that of limestone and higher than that of reagent-grade calcium oxide. It has been confirmed that the sulfated monocalcium silicate is more regenerable than the sulfated lime, i.e., the regeneration rate is higher with the silicate. X-ray diffraction and IR absorption results indicate that silica is chemically bonded to the calcium sulfate in the sulfated calcium silicate. Construction of a micro-pilot rotary kiln for regeneration of lime from the sulfated lime has been completed. The Brookhaven processes for regeneration using fly ash from FBC will be tested with this device. Design and construction of a micro-combustor which will be used to test the regenerated lime are underway. Studies on sulfation of lime continue. Sodium chloride, although catalyzing the sulfation rate, yields too much chloride in the gas phase (60 percent NaCl at 900°C), which can chlorinate the metals and metal oxides in the combustor. The catalysis by Fe2O3 and/or coal ash has been established and its mechanisms have been studied. Effects of the calcination conditions on sulfation are being studied. A process flow diagram for producing commercial strength sulfuric acid from regenerator off-gas has been prepared. The process would be used in conjunction with BNL's process for regenerating CaO from CaSO4 using carbon as a reductant. A preliminary comparison between a once through sorbent system and the combined regenerative/H2SO4 system indicates that the net energy outputs (useful) of the two systems are approximately the same. The quantity of solid wastes generated by the once through system is about 2.5 times the quantity generated by the combined system.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases by : A. S. Ablanese
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases written by A. S. Ablanese and published by . This book was released on with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 6, July 1--September 30, 1977 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 6, July 1--September 30, 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Brookhaven Regeneration Process, which comprises reacting the sulfated limestone with fly ash from a FBC in a solid-solid contacting kiln-type reactor, has been shown to be more promising than other processes currently under development. Much improvement can be made by optimizing the operating conditions which are primarily: gas flow rate, degree of agitation (rpm), additives (both solids and gases, e.g. steam), types of carbon, etc. TGA kinetic studies also showed promising results. Cyclic studies, involving the kiln regenerator and a quartz fluidized-bed sulfator, are being conducted for both cyclic reactivity and attrition information. Various dicalcium silicates have been studied for their reactivities for sulfation. Most of the dicalcium silicates (formed in our laboratory and obtained from various sources) showed equal or higher sorption reactivities than lime, on a weight SO2 per weight sorbent basis. More reactive calcium silicates are being sought, as well as the means of forming them. Highly encouraging results on the regenerabilities of the calcium silicates from their sulfated states are reported. For all the mono- and dicalcium silicates studied, the regeneration rates are about an order of magnitude higher than that of lime or limestone, in both straight thermal decomposition and regeneration with carbon. Other efforts involve studies on catalytic sulfation; calcination of limestones in atmospheres containing steam or CO2, which increases the reactivities of the calcined stones significantly; kinetics in pressurized FBC; and the development of silicate-based synthetic sorbents.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, October 1--December 31, 1976 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, October 1--December 31, 1976 written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A regenerative process based on using carbon in coal ashes for lime regeneration has been studied. Ten sulfation/regeneration cycles using Greer limestone have been conducted in a TG system and there was no sign of weakening of the SO2 sorption activity. Work on the regenerative process based on silicates is being continued. For pure silicates, the sulfation rate of the monocalcium silicate appeared to be higher than that of the calcined Greer limestone and dicalcium silicate; the latter two being similar. Procedures for particle strength test and for generating coal ash with controlled carbon content are being established. A micro-, semi-pilot plant for studying the regenerative processes is being constructed.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 7, October 1--December 31, 1977 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 7, October 1--December 31, 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method of pretreating limestone used in fluidized-bed combustion has been found and is under further development. The method entails spraying the stone with an aqueous solution of Fe/sup + +//Fe/sup + + +/SO3/sup - -//SO4/sup - -/ before it is fed to the combustor. One percent of iron coated on the stone approximately doubles the rate of SO2 sorption. Fe2O3 not only catalyzes the rate, but also enhances the sorption capacity of the stone. The Brookhaven Regenerative Process, i.e., regenerating lime from sulfate with coal ash in a kiln-type reactor, is under further development. The results continue to show that a temperature of 1000°C is feasible for regeneration as compared with the temperature of 1100°C required by the fluidized-bed processes. A commercial high-temperature insulation product containing primarily CaSiO3 has been tested for SO2 sorption. The rate and capacity were both higher than those of the reagent-grade CaSiO3. Coal ash has been found as a good binder to pelletize fine-sized sorbents. The iron oxide in the ash also acts as a catalyst for SO2 sorption. The good binding property is attributed to the SiO2 in the ash. Fine CaCO3 pelletized with coal ash showed the catalytic effects. Two conceptual AFBC process flow diagrams and corresponding mass and energy balances have been prepared. One flow sheet depicts a once through sorbent system; the other, a regenerative system consisting primarily of an AFBC, a regenerator, and a sulfuric acid plant. A process comparison of the two systems and a rough analysis of sulfuric acid market potential are also presented.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 11, October 1-December 31, 1978 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 11, October 1-December 31, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the continuing search for more reactive calcium silicates, Portland cement, as an ingredient of concrete, has been identified to have favorable properties for sulfur absorption and regeneration. Various Portland cements have been studied for their reactivities for sulfation. Most of Portland cements showed equal or higher sorption reactivities than lime. Portland Type III had unusually high activity for a calcium-based sorbent. Furthermore, pellets could be formed from Portland Type III which had high resistance to attrition. Cyclic sulfation and regeneration using Portland Type III have been conducted in a TG system and there was no sign of weakening of the SO2 sorption activity. The increased reactivity due to increased porosity of Portland cement pellet was noted by the addition of burnable carbon. The effects of both catalysis and porosity can be seen using fly ash as an additive. Sulfation and attrition tests for pellets of limestone fines with various binders have been tested. The results showed that both the strength and the sulfation reactivity were higher for pellets of the limestone fines with colloidal silica binder than for raw limestone. The effects of calcination temperature on the development of pore size and on the SO2 sorption capacity have been investigated. It has been shown that the temperature maximum observed in a FBC can very possibly be due to pore size variations because of calcinations at different temperatures.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Progress Report No. 15, January 1-March 31, 1980 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Progress Report No. 15, January 1-March 31, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new regenerative sorbent process for desulfurizing fluidized-bed combustion gases is presented. The sorbent was developed by Brookhaven National Laboratory and is prepared from commercial silicate bearing portland cement. The chemical reactions and mechanical procedures involved in preparing the sorbent, in desulfurizing the flue gas, in regenerating the spent sorbent, and in producing elemental sulfur from the regenerator product gas are discussed. The performance of natural limestone sorbents is compared with that of portland cement pellets in each of the above operations. Conceptual engineering designs and cost data for atmospheric fluidized-bed (AFB) power generation plants using limestone and portland cement sorbents are also presented. Cost and limestone process data were obtained from US Government publication PRS-23 EPA-600/7-77-126 which was prepared by General Electric, Bechtel and Foster Wheeler Energy Corporations and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The results of our analyses indicate that the cost of generating electricity by a regenerative portland cement sorbent plant would be about 12% lower than for once-through limestone AFB plants, about 17% lower than conventional power plants using wet limestone scrubbers and about 12% lower than regenerative magnesium oxide (MgO) scrubber plants.
Book Synopsis Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 8, January 1-March 31, 1978 by :
Download or read book Regenerative Process for Desulfurization of High Temperature Combustion and Fuel Gases. Quarterly Progress Report No. 8, January 1-March 31, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A highly reactive .beta.-dicalcium silicate powder sample has been acquired from Professor D. Roy of Pennsylvania State University. We will use it in conjunction with our ash-binder pelletizing technique to form a highly regenerable and reactive sorbent for fluidized bed combustion. Other techniques of forming reactive silicates are also being studied. Simplified mathematical models have been developed for kiln regeneration based on the data with a small quartz rotary kiln reactor. The model provides better undersanding for scaleup of the promising Brookhaven Kiln Regeneration Process. The Fe2O3 catalyzed sulfation and regeneration process has been further studied with a small quartz fluidized-bed sulfator and a small rotary kiln regenerator. Ten sulfation-regeneration cycles will be completed within the next reporting quarter. After completion of the cyclic experiments, we will make recommendations for field testing, i.e., testing in one of the DOE pilot fluidized bed combustors and regenerators. The reactivity of a reconstructed CaSO4 is indeed higher than the original sample. We plan to further understand the morphological and structural changes taking place in the process. A detailed analysis and a review of the high temperature CaSO4 regeneration mechanism were made. Understanding of the mechanism will be useful in improving all the regeneration processes being developed. Kinetics of the rapid reaction between CaO and SO3 are being studied and the work will be completed shortly. This is part of our effort to understand the mechanism both in sulfation and regeneration. A good attempt has been made to use ZnO as a regenerable sorbent for hot fuel gas desulfurization. The evaporation rate of the sorbent in a reducing atmosphere is too high for this sorbent to be of practical use. 31 figures, 3 tables.
