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Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support
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Book Synopsis Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High levels of protection and domestic support for farmers in industrial countries significantly affect many developing countries, both directly and through the price-depressing effect of agricultural support policies. High tariffs--in both rich and poor countries--and domestic support may also lower the world price of agricultural products, benefiting net importers. Hoekman, Ng, and Olarreaga assess the impact of reducing tariffs and domestic support in a sample of 119 countries. Least developed countries (LDCs) are disproportionately affected by agricultural support policies. More than 18 percent of LDC exports are subject to domestic support in at least one World Trade Organization (WTO) member, as compared to only 9 percent of their imports. For other developing countries the figures are around 4 percent for both their exports and imports. So, the prevailing pattern of trade suggests the world price-reducing effect of agricultural domestic support policies may induce a welfare loss in LDCs. The authors develop a simple partial equilibrium model of global trade in commodities that benefit from domestic support in at least one WTO member. The simulation results suggest there will be large differences between LDCs and other developing economies in terms of the impact of a 50 percent cut in tariffs as compared to a 50 percent cut in domestic support. Developing countries as a group would suffer a welfare loss from a cut in support, while LDCs would experience a small gain. For both groups of countries, tariff reductions by WTO members--including own liberalization--will have a positive effect on welfare. The results show both the importance of focusing on tariffs as well as subsities, and the need for complementary actions to allow a domestic supply response to occur in developing countries if world prices rise. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the effects of trade-related policies on developing countries.
Book Synopsis Clashing Over Commerce by : Douglas A. Irwin
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Author :G. S. Bhalla, Jean-Luc Racine, Frédéric Landy Publisher :Les Editions de la MSH ISBN 13 :2735113787 Total Pages :324 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (351 download)
Book Synopsis Agriculture and The World Trade Organisation by : G. S. Bhalla, Jean-Luc Racine, Frédéric Landy
Download or read book Agriculture and The World Trade Organisation written by G. S. Bhalla, Jean-Luc Racine, Frédéric Landy and published by Les Editions de la MSH. This book was released on 2008-05-05 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume offers to the reader a multi-faceted dialogue between noted experts from two major agricultural countries, both founding members of the Word Trade Organisation, each one with different stakes in the great globalisation game. After providing the recent historical background of agricultural policies in India and France, the contributors address burning issues related to market and regulation, food security and food safety, the expected benefits from the WTO and the genuine problems raised by the new forms of international trade in agriculture, including the sensitive question of intellectual property rights in bio-technologies. This informed volume underlines the necessity of moving beyond the North-South divide, in order to address the real challenges of the future.
Book Synopsis The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries by : OECD
Download or read book The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-05-03 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the implementation of the Uruguay Round on Agriculture, how effective it has been, and what policy lessons can be drawn.
Book Synopsis Agriculture in the GATT by : Timothy Edward Josling
Download or read book Agriculture in the GATT written by Timothy Edward Josling and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book describes and analyzes the attempts that were made to make trade in agriculture less distorted, more stable and predictable, and less of a dangerous source of political friction between nations, in successive rounds of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in the 45-year period from GATT's inception in 1947 to the end of the Uruguay Round in 1993. While the book analyzes the development of international trade policy throughout the postwar period, particular attention is given to the Kennedy, Tokyo and Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations in which the problems of trade in agricultural products were confronted." "For each round, the positions of major participants in international arrangements that should govern trade in agriculture, the contending proposals, and the results of the negotiations are explained and analyzed. However, the specific issues and positions on agricultural trade are set in the broader context of changing international political relations, developments in the international and national economies, the conditions in international food markets, and the evolution of 'domestic' agricultural policies in the major countries and regional groupings."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Book Synopsis OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-04 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025 provides an assessment of prospects for the coming decade of the agricultural commodity markets across 41 countries and 12 regions, including OECD countries and key agricultural producers, such as India, China, Brazil, the Russian Federation and Argentina.
Author :Fred Gale Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781497528734 Total Pages :54 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (287 download)
Book Synopsis Growth and Evolution in China's Agricultural Support Policies by : Fred Gale
Download or read book Growth and Evolution in China's Agricultural Support Policies written by Fred Gale and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China is perhaps the most prominent example of a developing country that has transitioned from taxing to supporting agriculture. In recent years, Chinese price supports and subsidies have risen at an accelerating pace after they were linked to rising production costs. Per-acre subsidy payments to grain producers now equal 7 to 15 percent of those producers' gross income, but grain payments appear to have little influence on production decisions. Chinese authorities began raising price supports annually to bolster incentives, and Chinese prices for major farm commodities are rising above world prices, helping to attract a surge of agricultural imports. U.S. agricultural exports to China tripled in value during the period when China's agricultural support was accelerating. Overall, China's expansion of support is loosely constrained by World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments, but the country's price-support programs could exceed WTO limits in coming years. Chinese officials promise to continue increasing domestic policy support for agriculture, but the mix of policies may evolve as the Chinese agricultural sector becomes more commercialized and faces competitive pressures.
Book Synopsis Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support by : Bernard Hoekman
Download or read book Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support written by Bernard Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High levels of protection and domestic support for farmers in industrial countries significantly affect many developing countries, both directly and through the price-depressing effect of agricultural support policies. High tariffs - in both rich and poor countries - and domestic support may also lower the world price of agricultural products, benefiting net importers.Hoekman, Ng, and Olarreaga assess the impact of reducing tariffs and domestic support in a sample of 119 countries. Least developed countries (LDCs) are disproportionately affected by agricultural support policies. More than 18 percent of LDC exports are subject to domestic support in at least one World Trade Organization (WTO) member, as compared to only 9 percent of their imports. For other developing countries the figures are around 4 percent for both their exports and imports. So, the prevailing pattern of trade suggests the world price-reducing effect of agricultural domestic support policies may induce a welfare loss in LDCs.The authors develop a simple partial equilibrium model of global trade in commodities that benefit from domestic support in at least one WTO member. The simulation results suggest there will be large differences between LDCs and other developing economies in terms of the impact of a 50 percent cut in tariffs as compared to a 50 percent cut in domestic support. Developing countries as a group would suffer a welfare loss from a cut in support, while LDCs would experience a small gain. For both groups of countries, tariff reductions by WTO members - including own liberalization - will have a positive effect on welfare. The results show both the importance of focusing on tariffs as well as subsities, and the need for complementary actions to allow a domestic supply response to occur in developing countries if world prices rise.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the effects of trade-related policies on developing countries.
Book Synopsis OECD Insights International Trade Free, Fair and Open? by : Love Patrick
Download or read book OECD Insights International Trade Free, Fair and Open? written by Love Patrick and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that prosperity has rarely, if ever, been achieved or sustained without trade. Trade alone, however, is not enough; policies targeting employment, education, health and other issues are also needed to promote well-being and tackle the challenges of a globalised economy.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda by : Kym Anderson
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-11-16 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing the most complete and up to date analysis of the range of agricultural issues under negotiation in the multilateral trade negotiations underway in the World Trade Organization (WTO), this title is a valuable resource to policymakers, agricultural private sector, and academics in developing and assessing the negotiating options.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Policy and Food Security in the Caribbean by : Deep Ford
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy and Food Security in the Caribbean written by Deep Ford and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural trade is a major factor determining food security in Caribbean countries. In these small open economies, exports are essential, whilst imports provide a large part of the food supply. This book examines various dimensions of trade policy and related issues and suggests policies to address trade and food security and rural development linkages. It is as a guide and reference documents for agricultural trade policy analysts, trade negotiators, policy-makers and planners in both the public and private sectors.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Input Subsidies by : Ephraim Chirwa
Download or read book Agricultural Input Subsidies written by Ephraim Chirwa and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.
Download or read book Agricultural Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Situation and Outlook Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis National Trade Estimate ... Report on Foreign Trade Barriers by : United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
Download or read book National Trade Estimate ... Report on Foreign Trade Barriers written by United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Administration's Preparations for the 1999 World Trade Organization Ministerial by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture
Download or read book The Administration's Preparations for the 1999 World Trade Organization Ministerial written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9789251053508 Total Pages :130 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (535 download)
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the FAO Rice Conference 2004 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Proceedings of the FAO Rice Conference 2004 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Year of Rice (IYR) promotes improved production and access to this vital food crop, which feeds more than half the world's population while providing income for millions of rice producers, processors and traders. To celebrate IYR, FAO convened and international rice conference, which was open to the participation of governments, research institutions, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. The growth in rice consumption has starting to slow down; this publication aims to explain why and how, and draws together all the presentations pertaining to one of the general themes of the Conference: rice in the context of global markets.
