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Author : Sandra J. W. Mackie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (424 download)
Download or read book Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Dianthovirus Origin of Assembly Sequence written by Sandra J. W. Mackie and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of the Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus Origin of Assembly written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA plant virus of the Dianthovirus genus, family Tombusviridae. Each RCNMV virion contains 180 subunits of the 37 kDa capsid protein (CP) forming a non-enveloped, isometric particle of T=3 quasi symmetry, 30-35 nm in diameter. The RCNMV genome consists of two RNAs, RNA-1 and RNA-2. RNA-1 codes for three proteins: i) p88, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, ii) p27, the replicase related protein and iii) the CP. RNA-2 is monocistronic and codes for the movement protein (MP). Currently, the RNA complement within RCNMV virions has not been determined. Density gradient centrifugation data has suggested the probability of a single type of particle, whereas the viral RNA profile from virions suggests otherwise. My thesis research has determined the RNA content within RCNMV virions after exposure to either heat or UV-irradiation. Both treatments result in the formation of a stable RNA-1: RNA-2 heterodimer. This leads to the conclusion that RCNMV virions co-package RNA-1 and RNA-2. Upon either treatment, RNA-2 multimers are also observed, suggesting the presence of particles packaging RNA-2 exclusively. These observations suggest that the RCNMV virion population consists of two distinct types of particles having similar densities. Based on the above RNA complement findings, I proceeded to delineate the specific viral sequences that determine the RNA content of an RCNMV virion. During virion assembly, the RCNMV CP must be able to distinguish and package both RNA-1 and RNA-2 while excluding heterologous host RNAs present in the cell. Viral CP subunits recognize specific cognate genomic sequences and/or structures that are unique to each viral genome. These are designated as origin of assembly sequences or packaging signals. To elucidate the assembly mechanism of RCNMV, I searched for the presence of distinct packaging signals on each of the genomic RNAs. Various constructs of RNA-1 and RNA-2 were test.
Author : Veronica Roshani Basnayake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of the Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus Origin of Assembly written by Veronica Roshani Basnayake and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: icosahedral, RNA, plant virus, packaging scheme, origin of assembly, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus.
Download or read book Development of Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus as a Multifunctional Nanoparticle written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a member of the genus Dianthovirus and the family Tombusviridae. RCNMV is a plant virus with 180 identical capsid proteins (CP) arranged to form a T = 3 icosahedral symmetry. The capsid, with an outer diameter of 36 nm and an inner diameter of 17 nm, is enclosed to package two ssRNA: RNA-1 (3.9 kb) and RNA-2 (1.5 kb). In nature, a 20 nucleotide hairpin structure within the RNA-2 sequence trans-activator region forms a kissing loop complex with 8 nucleotides of the RNA-1 to serve as the origin of assembly (OAS). This pseudo-knot structure selectively recruits CP to initiate the virus assembly. In one of the research directions, an oligonucleotide mimic of the OAS sequence was attached to Au, CoFe2O4, and CdSe nanoparticles ranging from 3-15 nm, to trigger virus-like assembly by RCNMV CP. The formation of virus-like particles encapsidated nanoparticles was comparable in size to the native RCNMV. Attempts to encapsidate nanoparticles with diameters> 17 nm did not result in well-formed particles. The versatility of RCNMV capsid to package smaller cargo was explored. RCNMV experiences reversible swelling transition in a pH- and divalent ion-dependent manner. This transition leads to the reversible opening of pores (~13 Å) that permit infusion of molecules into the interior cavity. Comparison of three dyes, Rhodamine (positive charge), Luminarosine (neutral) and Fluorescein (negative charge) shows that infusion is controlled by electrostatic interactions. This method was applied to package an anticancer drug, Doxorubicin, within the capsid. The capability of the RCNMV capsid to deliver cargo into cancer cells was explored. Peptides from various serotypes of adenovirus were conjugated to the capsid to determine the internalization efficiency. The modified RCNMV was prepared with packaged molecules in the interior cavity and targeting peptide on the exterior surface. Intracellular uptake was studied both in terms of RCNMV interna.
Author : Zhongguo Xiong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (193 download)
Download or read book Nucleotide Sequence and Organization of the Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus Genome written by Zhongguo Xiong and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Localization of Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus Polymerase Proteins at the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Living Plant Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The replication of positive strand RNA viruses requires association with host membranes and frequently results in membrane proliferation and rearrangement. The fact that widely divergent virus families share form and function of replication strategies is likely due to common evolutionary origin and suggests that elucidating the reproduction strategies of one virus provides insight to virus life cycles in general. Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a positive-strand RNA virus in the Dianthovirus genus, Tombusviridae family. RCNMV encodes N-terminally overlapping proteins of 27 kDa and 88 kDa (p27 and p88). p88 contains motifs characteristic of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, and while the function of p27 is unclear, it is very likely to be part of the RCNMV replication complex. I have investigated the localization of the RCNMV replicase proteins in plants using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions observed in live cells using confocal microscopy. The GFP:p27 and GFP:p88 fusions were expressed in N. benthamiana epidermal cells and protoplasts. GFP:p27 consistently localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and caused membrane restructuring and proliferation. Fractionation of virus-inoculated leaves demonstrated the association of p27 with isolated ER membranes. Additionally, GFP:p27 co-localized with ER-targeted YFP. GFP:p88 also localized to the ER and co-localized with GFP:p27. In addition, GFP:p27 and GFP:p88 were associated with invaginations of the nuclear membrane. These grooves and channels of ER crossed the nucleus, giving the appearance of fluorescence within the nucleus, while the signal from GFP:p27/p88 was actually associated with ER. GFP:p88 co-localized with GFP:p27 in two expression systems. This and the fact that GFP:p27 localized to the cortical ER, the nuclear envelope, and cytoplasmic ER domains in the presence of viral genomes as well as in the absence of any viral proteins suggests that the two proteins co-localize to the ER during inf.
Author : Ziming Weng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Replication and Recombination of the Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus (PHD). written by Ziming Weng and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew MQ King
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123846854
Total Pages : 1462 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Virus Taxonomy written by Andrew MQ King and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-10 with total page 1462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practical need to partition the world of viruses into distinguishable, universally agreed upon entities is the ultimate justification for developing a virus classification system. Since 1971, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) operating on behalf of the world community of virologists has taken on the task of developing a single, universal taxonomic scheme for all viruses infecting animals (vertebrate, invertebrates, and protozoa), plants (higher plants and algae), fungi, bacteria, and archaea. The current report builds on the accumulated taxonomic construction of the eight previous reports dating back to 1971 and records the proceedings of the Committee since publication of the last report in 2005. Representing the work of more than 500 virologists worldwide, this report is the authoritative reference for virus organization, distinction, and structure.
Author : Paul Pumpens
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 100056987X
Total Pages : 1642 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Virus-Like Particles written by Paul Pumpens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-22 with total page 1642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the first complete and systematic guide to the virus-like particles (VLPs) and their applications as vaccines, therapeutic tools, nanomaterials, and nanodevices. The grouping of the VLPs follows the most recent virus taxonomy and the traditional Baltimore classification of viruses, which are based on the genome structure and mechanism of mRNA synthesis. Within each of the seven Baltimore classes, the order taxon serves as a framework of the chapter’s arrangement. The term "VLP" is used as a universal designation for the virus-, core-, or capsid-like structures, which became an important part of the modern molecular virology. The 3D structures, expression systems, and nanotechnological applications are described for VLPs in the context of the original viruses and uncover their evolving potential as novel vaccines and medical interventions. Key Features Presents the first full guide to the VLP nanotechnology, classified by current viral taxonomy Outlines specific structural properties and interconnection of the virions and VLPs Explains generation and characteristics of VLPs produced by various expression systems Offers up-to-date summary of VLPs designed as vaccines and delivery tools Unveils interconnection of VLPs with novel organic and inorganic nanomaterials
Author : Challa S. S. R. Kumar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527321675
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Biomimetic and Bioinspired Nanomaterials written by Challa S. S. R. Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-20 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book series Nanomaterials for the Life Sciences, provides an in-depth overview of all nanomaterial types and their uses in the life sciences. Each volume is dedicated to a specific material class and covers fundamentals, synthesis and characterization strategies, structure-property relationships and biomedical applications. The series brings nanomaterials to the Life Scientists and life science to the Materials Scientists so that synergies are seen and developed to the fullest. Written by international experts of various facets of this exciting field of research, the series is aimed at scientists of the following disciplines: biology, chemistry, materials science, physics, bioengineering, and medicine, together with cell biology, biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical chemistry, and toxicology, both in academia and fundamental research as well as in pharmaceutical companies. VOLUME 7 - Biomimetic and Bioinspired Nanomaterials
Author : American Society for Virology. Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book American Society for Virology, 22nd Annual Meeting written by American Society for Virology. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : B.D. Harrison
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489917721
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book The Plant Viruses written by B.D. Harrison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fifth volume in the series The Plant Viruses, dealing with viruses with bipartite genomes, completes the coverage of viruses with isometric parti cles and genomes consisting of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA: viruses that have tripartite and monopartite genomes of this kind were dealt with in Volumes 1 and 3, respectively. How close are the affinities among the viruses within the groupings distinguished in this way? All those with tripartite genomes are considered to be sufficiently closely related to be included in the family Bromoviridae, whereas the monopartite-genome viruses covered in Volume 3 clearly are a much more diverse collection. Affinities among the viruses with bipartite genomes are considered in Chapter 1 of this volume, along with the possible origins, advantages, and disadvantages of these ge nomes. The conclusion reached from this assessment is that the bipartite genome viruses fall into four categories, those within each category having closer affinities with viruses not included in this book than with viruses in the other categories. No evidence was found that possession of a bipartite genome gives a virus overwhelming advantages over viruses of other sorts. More probably, any advantages are largely balanced by disadvantages, and bipartite genomes may be best considered simply as an alternative design for the hereditary material of a virus.
Author : John F. Atkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387893822
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)
Download or read book Recoding: Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression written by John F. Atkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on recoding is scattered, so this superb book ?lls a need by prov- ing up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative reviews of the many kinds of recoding phenomena. Between 1961 and 1966 my colleagues and I deciphered the genetic code in Escherichia coli and showed that the genetic code is the same in E. coli, Xenopus laevis, and guinea pig tissues. These results showed that the code has been c- served during evolution and strongly suggested that the code appeared very early during biological evolution, that all forms of life on earth descended from a c- mon ancestor, and thus that all forms of life on this planet are related to one another. The problem of biological time was solved by encoding information in DNA and retrieving the information for each new generation, for it is easier to make a new organism than it is to repair an aging, malfunctioning one. Subsequently, small modi?cations of the standard genetic code were found in certain organisms and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA only encodes about 10–13 proteins, so some modi?cations of the genetic code are tolerated that pr- ably would be lethal if applied to the thousands of kinds of proteins encoded by genomic DNA.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 962 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Nucleic Acids Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-11 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brian W. J. Mahy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Virology written by Brian W. J. Mahy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers biological, molecular, and medical topics concerning viruses in animals, plants, bacteria and insects ... this new ed. has been extensively revised and updated to reflect the 50 % increase in identified and accepted viruses since 2000. Includes information on avian flu, SARS and West Nile and the ability of some viruses to be used as agents of bioterrorism.
Author : Chundi L. Mandahar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402047258
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Multiplication of RNA Plant Viruses written by Chundi L. Mandahar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-05 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemical studies on plant virus RNA replication have advanced considerably since 2000, primarily because of new genetic, molecular, biochemical, and enzymatic studies. This book generates understanding of multiplication of plus-sense RNA plant viruses, especially at molecular level. Certain virus-encoded essential proteins, nucleotide sequence motifs, and RNA secondary structures are central to virus RNA replication, which has a number of stages. Each is a complex phenomenon requiring specific factors and conditions.
Author : Christon J. Hurst
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118025652
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 1 written by Christon J. Hurst and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-20 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactive dynamics with their hosting species (in this volume, in microbes and plants), including the types of transmission cycles that viruses have evolved encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles, and vectoring species. Examining virology from an organismal biology approach and focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecologies of the involved species, Viral Ecology is essential for students and professionals who either may be non-virologists or virologists whose previous familiarity has been very specialized.
