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Author : Aurora Diaz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Reasoning about Control in Problem Solving written by Aurora Diaz and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roy Turner
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134776373
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)
Download or read book Adaptive Reasoning for Real-world Problems written by Roy Turner and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a method for building real-world problem solving systems such as medical diagnostic procedures and intelligent controllers for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and other robots. The approach taken is different from other work reported in the artificial intelligence literature in several respects: * It defines schema-based reasoning, in which schemas -- explicitly declared packets of related knowledge -- are used to control not only the reasoner's planning, but also all other facets of its behavior. * It is a kind of reactive reasoning that the author calls adaptive problem solving -- the reasoner maintains commitments to future goals but is able to change its focus of attention as the problem-solving situation requires. * It is a context-sensitive reasoning method. Every decision it makes relies on the use of contextual knowledge to be appropriate for the current problem-solving situation. Furthermore, context is represented explicitly; by always keeping a current representation of the context in mind, the reasoner's behavior is automatically sensitive to the context with very little work needed per decision. * Schema-based reasoning -- a generalization of case-based reasoning -- extends the usual idea of case-based reasoning to encompass all aspects of the reasoner's behavior, and it extends it to make use of generalized "cases" (i.e., schemas) rather than particular cases, thus saving effort needed to transfer knowledge from an old case to a new situation. Though the work originated in the domain of medical diagnostic problem solving, treating diagnosis as a planning task, it is even more appropriate for controlling autonomous systems. The author is currently extending the approach by creating a robust controller for long-range autonomous underwater vehicles that will be used to carry out ocean science missions.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Explicit Control of Reasoning written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of expert problem-solving systems requires the development of techniques for using modular representations of knowledge without encountering combinatorial explosions in the solution effort. This report describes an approach to dealing with this problem based on making some knowledge which is usually implicitly part of an expert problem solver explicit, thus allowing this knowledge about control to be manipulated and reasoned about. The basic components of this approach involve using explicit representations of the control structure of the problem solver, and linking this and other knowledge manipulated by the expert by means of explicit data dependencies. (Author).
Author : Carl Patterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781914134197
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)
Download or read book Critical Thinking And Problem Solving written by Carl Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is your life in the right direction? Are you in control of your destiny? How our lives go depends on how we think? Shoddy thinking usually creates more problems that you don't anticipate. On the other hand, critical thinking is like an avenue for endless possibilities. We use it in managing businesses, budgeting, deciding whether to proceed with plans or not, and even in simple things like knowing the appropriate words to say in a particular situation. Critical thinking brings about excellent resolutions to problems, yet, it needs to be developed so that it can work, which requires you to have a sound strategy for success. It is important to bear in mind the fact that your own brain is unique: after you will read this pages you will learn what you need to do in terms of exercises, in order to keep your brain elastic and working in a logical manner. This book has been carefully written with the aim to handle the shortcomings that face the thinking process. What will you meet in this book? 6 Simple Steps for Solving All Your Problems 4 Sure-Fire and Lifesaver Skills for Decision Making Several Traits of Critical Thinkers you Should Imitate Useful and Effective Skills for Problem Solving Why Logic is the Most Crucial Skill you Need to Develop as a Critical Thinker Personal Decision-Making Styles that Seem to be Tailormade for You How to Win an Argument Obstacles Facing Critical Thinking How to Tackle Your Challenges Problem Solving Exercises to Boost Critical Thinking Skills Every person on this planet has problems. Now, many of us sit back, close our eyes, and hope that our problems will go away on their own. But they don't. In order to solve your problems, you are going to have to think about them in a critical manner. Pick those problems apart. Look for solutions. Look for ways you can use aspects of the problem to your own advantage. Think about the problem personally, and independently. Advice from others is great, but at the end of the day, it is still your problem, and you are the one that is left to deal with it while it is there and ultimately solve it. Critical thinking is the one aspect you are going to use most in your life if you want to take your life from something that is just plain and simple, to the next level. So what can stop you? Buy your copy of this book!
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Strategies for the Control of Reasoning in Dynamic Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the project has been to investigate strategies that enable intelligent, real time problem solving systems (IRTPS) to control their reasoning resources in dynamic, unpredictable environments. Our efforts have been focused in four key areas: (1) analyzing the requirements that must be met by simulation systems to support the analysis of reasoning control strategies, and developing simulators that meet those requirements; (2) developing and analyzing strategies for controlling deliberation (reasoning about alternatives) in dynamic environments; (3) developing and analyzing strategies for controlling planning (means-end reasoning) in dynamic environments; and (4) developing and analyzing strategies for controlling interactions in multiagent dynamic environments. This report is organized around these four topics: after a brief overview of the research problem, there is a section devoted to our research results on each topic. This is followed by list of project-sponsored papers and a summary of students supported by this project. Copies of project-supported papers are included as an appendix.
Author : S. Ian Robertson
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317496000
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)
Download or read book Problem Solving written by S. Ian Robertson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The way that we assess and overcome problems is an essential part of everyday life. Problem Solving provides a clear introduction to the underlying mental processes involved in solving problems. Drawing on research from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, it examines the methods and techniques used by both novices and experts in familiar and unfamiliar situations. This edition has been comprehensively updated throughout, and now features cutting-edge content on creative problem solving, insight and neuroscience. Each chapter is written in an accessible way, and contains a range of student-friendly features such as activities, chapter summaries and further reading. The book also provides clear examples of studies and approaches that help the reader fully understand important and complex concepts in greater detail. Problem Solving fully engages the reader with the difficulties and methodologies associated with problem solving. This book will be of great use to undergraduate students of cognitive psychology, education and neuroscience, as well as readers and professionals with an interest in problem solving.
Author : Roy M. Turner
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780805812985
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Adaptive Reasoning for Real-world Problems written by Roy M. Turner and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a method for building real-world problem solving systems such as medical diagnostic procedures and intelligent controllers for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and other robots. The approach taken is different from other work reported in the artificial intelligence literature in several respects: * It defines schema-based reasoning, in which schemas -- explicitly declared packets of related knowledge -- are used to control not only the reasoner's planning, but also all other facets of its behavior. * It is a kind of reactive reasoning that the author calls adaptive problem solving -- the reasoner maintains commitments to future goals but is able to change its focus of attention as the problem-solving situation requires. * It is a context-sensitive reasoning method. Every decision it makes relies on the use of contextual knowledge to be appropriate for the current problem-solving situation. Furthermore, context is represented explicitly; by always keeping a current representation of the context in mind, the reasoner's behavior is automatically sensitive to the context with very little work needed per decision. * Schema-based reasoning -- a generalization of case-based reasoning -- extends the usual idea of case-based reasoning to encompass all aspects of the reasoner's behavior, and it extends it to make use of generalized "cases" (i.e., schemas) rather than particular cases, thus saving effort needed to transfer knowledge from an old case to a new situation. Though the work originated in the domain of medical diagnostic problem solving, treating diagnosis as a planning task, it is even more appropriate for controlling autonomous systems. The author is currently extending the approach by creating a robust controller for long-range autonomous underwater vehicles that will be used to carry out ocean science missions.
Author : Manuela M. Veloso
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540588115
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Planning and Learning by Analogical Reasoning written by Manuela M. Veloso and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-12-07 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph describes the integration of analogical and case-based reasoning into general problem solving and planning as a method of speedup learning. The method, based on derivational analogy, has been fully implemented in PRODIGY/ANALOGY and proven in practice to be amenable to scaling up, both in terms of domain and problem complexity. In this work, the strategy-level learning process is cast for the first time as the automation of the complete cycle of construction, storing, retrieving, and flexibly reusing problem solving experience. The algorithms involved are presented in detail and numerous examples are given. Thus the book addresses researchers as well as practitioners.
Author : Wolfgang Schoppek
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889455734
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Complex Problem Solving Beyond the Psychometric Approach written by Wolfgang Schoppek and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex problem solving (CPS) and related topics such as dynamic decision-making (DDM) and complex dynamic control (CDC) represent multifaceted psychological phenomena. In abroad sense, CPS encompasses learning, decision-making, and acting in complex and dynamic situations. Moreover, solutions to problems that people face in such situations are often generated in teams or groups. This adds another layer of complexity to the situation itself because of the emerging issues that arise from the social dynamics of group interactions. This framing of CPS means that it is not a single construct that can be measured by using a particular type of CPS task (e.g. minimal complex system tests), which is a view taken by the psychometric community. The proposed approach taken here is that because CPS is multifaceted, multiple approaches need to be taken to fully capture and understand what it is and how the different cognitive processes associated with it complement each other.Thus, this Research Topic is aimed at showcasing the latest work in the fields of CPS, as well as DDM and CDC that takes a holist approach to investigating and theorizing about these abilities. The collection of articles encompasses conceptual approaches as well as experimental and correlational studies involving established or new tools to examine CPS, DDM and CDC. This work contributes to answering questions about what strategies and what general knowledge can be transferred from one type of complex and dynamic situation to another, what learning conditions result in transferable knowledge and skills, and how these features can be trained.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book The Control of Reasoning Under Uncertainty written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The starting point of our research was to develop declarative representations of problem solving strategies and interpreters to select and execute appropriate strategies. One result was a 'strategy frame', a collection of fields or facets of strategies. These included the conditions under which strategies should be evoked, measures of progress, stopping conditions, resource requirements, and so on. We applied this result in a process control domain with some success, then began to search for a more realistic and demanding task. The Phoenix system, a realtime simulation of forest fire fighting in Yellowstone National Park, was an ideal testbed. In this context, our work on declarative representations of strategies followed two paths: We developed a declarative representation of the progress of plans, called envelopes. Envelopes provide early warning of plan failures, facilitate communication between agents, and help with monitoring and replanning in real time; and We began developing mathematical models of the architectures of agents that facilitate the design of agents for environments with different characteristics.
Author : Peter A. Frensch
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317781392
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)
Download or read book Complex Problem Solving written by Peter A. Frensch and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in "natural" domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive.
Author : Jane S. Halonen
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9781572598829
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (988 download)
Download or read book The Critical Thinking Companion for Introductory Psychology written by Jane S. Halonen and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2001-03-30 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise paperback helps develop students' critical thinking skills through exercises keyed to the main topics in introductory psychology.
Author : Dieter Fensel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540678166
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Problem-Solving Methods written by Dieter Fensel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-09-27 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a theory, a formal language, and a practical methodology for the specification, use, and reuse of problem-solving methods. The framework developed by the author characterizes knowledge-based systems as a particular type of software architecture where the applications are developed by integrating generic task specifications, problem solving methods, and domain models: this approach turns knowledge engineering into a software engineering discipline. All in all, this work, as an applicable theory of knowledge engineering, consolidates research work done during several decades. The present popularity of Internet-based services will provide unprecedented opportunities for deploying and sharing knowledge-based services and anybody wanting to participate in this area can learn from this book what knowledge engineering is about.
Author : Carl Patterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781914134128
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)
Download or read book Critical Thinking Beginner's Guide written by Carl Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you often think there is something in your mind hindering your success? Do you know that each of us has an untapped potential? Have you ever got easily frustrated and irritated with matters issues you can't control? Do you have any regrets because you could have avoided problems if only you had thought about it before? Have you made terrible decisions and need to make a complete 180-degree change in your life's direction? Whenever you have a problem, you must avoid decision-making based on emotions or prejudices and face it with a critical mind. The best way to improve how we think is to train changing our thinking habits. Learn how to clarify to show the links between the problem, its causes and potential solutions: this book will provide you with all the tools and skills you need to learn through practical exercises. Improving critical thinking is part of your personal growth: you will learn how to feed your mind and reach your full potential. In this book, you will learn: Many Questions you Could Ask Yourself to Evaluate Your Weaknesses and Your Strengths in Thinking Techniques to Get Out the Most of Your Time 8 Subskills to Find an Answer to a Problem and Develop New Ideas How to Make Better Choices Using Both Logic and Creativity The 5 Aspects That Influence Our Choices Analyzing Facts and Applying Logic Tips for Being a Better Decision-Maker 3 Non-Mental Stuff you Need to Make Sure Your Brain is in Great Physical Health 40 Powerful Strategies to Improve Critical Thinking 12 Effective Practical Recommendations for Introducing the Scientific Method into Your Lives Identify Other People's Arguments and Critically Deal With Fake News Essential Mental Exercises Whether you make a decision surrounding your personal life or one that deals with a professional side, you'll have to make some tough choices throughout time. Sometimes we blame others, outside sources, and general fate for how we have ended up. Whether you are a logical thinker or you are more creative, you will learn to combine both logic and creativity to make better choices. Did you make a wrong decision? You will be able to learn something from this mistake, giving yourself a better chance to improve next time. You will learn a sequence of key steps that will lead you from understanding your problem to implementing the best possible solution. You should be the person that is able to decide the fate of your future. Take control over your future! Challenge and train your thinking whenever you have spare time and start building your foundation towards being a critical thinker. Are you anxious to become a critical thinker? It is a need to say yes to the challenge in improving our thinking. Take a step further. Scroll up and start Reading Now.
Author : Iliyana Stareva
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119462274
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Inbound PR written by Iliyana Stareva and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The digital era’s new consumer demands a new approach to PR Inbound PR is the handbook that can transform your agency’s business. Today’s customer is fundamentally different, and traditional PR strategies are falling by the wayside. Nobody wants to feel “marketed to;” we want to make our own choices based on our own research and experiences online. When problems arise, we demand answers on social media, directly engaging the company in front of a global audience. We are the most empowered, sophisticated customer base in the history of PR, and PR professionals must draw upon an enormous breadth of skills and techniques to serve their clients’ interests. Unfortunately, those efforts are becoming increasingly ephemeral and difficult to track using traditional metrics. This book merges content and measurement to give today’s PR agencies a new way to build brands, evaluate performance and track ROI. The ability to reach the new consumer, build the relationship, and quantify the ROI of PR services allows you to develop an inbound business and the internal capabilities to meet and exceed the needs of the most demanding client. In this digital age of constant contact and worldwide platforms, it’s the only way to sustainably grow your business and expand your reach while bolstering your effectiveness on any platform. This book shows you what you need to know, and gives you a clear framework for putting numbers to reputation. Build brand awareness without “marketing to” the audience Generate more, higher-quality customer or media leads Close the deal and nurture the customer or media relationship Track the ROI of each stage in the process Content is the name of the game now, and PR agencies must be able to prove their worth or risk being swept under with obsolete methods. Inbound PR provides critical guidance for PR growth in the digital era, complete with a practical framework for stimulating that growth.
Author : Carolyn LoGiudice
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780760607305
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (73 download)
Download or read book Spotlight on Reasoning and Problem Solving Causes and Effects written by Carolyn LoGiudice and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Laura Macchi
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262034085
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality written by Laura Macchi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought. The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality—a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level. The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base. Contributors Maria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-François Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R. Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A. Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale
