Real Time Multi Chip Neural Network For Cognitive Systems

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Real-Time Multi-Chip Neural Network for Cognitive Systems

Author : Amir Zjajo
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000793524
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Real-Time Multi-Chip Neural Network for Cognitive Systems by : Amir Zjajo

Download or read book Real-Time Multi-Chip Neural Network for Cognitive Systems written by Amir Zjajo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation of brain neurons in real-time using biophysically-meaningful models is a pre-requisite for comprehensive understanding of how neurons process information and communicate with each other, in effect efficiently complementing in-vivo experiments. In spiking neural networks (SNNs), propagated information is not just encoded by the firing rate of each neuron in the network, as in artificial neural networks (ANNs), but, in addition, by amplitude, spike-train patterns, and the transfer rate. The high level of realism of SNNs and more significant computational and analytic capabilities in comparison with ANNs, however, limit the size of the realized networks. Consequently, the main challenge in building complex and biophysically-accurate SNNs is largely posed by the high computational and data transfer demands.Real-Time Multi-Chip Neural Network for Cognitive Systems presents novel real-time, reconfigurable, multi-chip SNN system architecture based on localized communication, which effectively reduces the communication cost to a linear growth. The system use double floating-point arithmetic for the most biologically accurate cell behavior simulation, and is flexible enough to offer an easy implementation of various neuron network topologies, cell communication schemes, as well as models and kinds of cells. The system offers a high run-time configurability, which reduces the need for resynthesizing the system. In addition, the simulator features configurable on- and off-chip communication latencies as well as neuron calculation latencies. All parts of the system are generated automatically based on the neuron interconnection scheme in use. The simulator allows exploration of different system configurations, e.g. the interconnection scheme between the neurons, the intracellular concentration of different chemical compounds (ions), which affect how action potentials are initiated and propagate.

Neuromorphic Cognitive Systems

Author : Qiang Yu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319553100
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuromorphic Cognitive Systems by : Qiang Yu

Download or read book Neuromorphic Cognitive Systems written by Qiang Yu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents neuromorphic cognitive systems from a learning and memory-centered perspective. It illustrates how to build a system network of neurons to perform spike-based information processing, computing, and high-level cognitive tasks. It is beneficial to a wide spectrum of readers, including undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers who are interested in neuromorphic computing and neuromorphic engineering, as well as engineers and professionals in industry who are involved in the design and applications of neuromorphic cognitive systems, neuromorphic sensors and processors, and cognitive robotics. The book formulates a systematic framework, from the basic mathematical and computational methods in spike-based neural encoding, learning in both single and multi-layered networks, to a near cognitive level composed of memory and cognition. Since the mechanisms for integrating spiking neurons integrate to formulate cognitive functions as in the brain are little understood, studies of neuromorphic cognitive systems are urgently needed. The topics covered in this book range from the neuronal level to the system level. In the neuronal level, synaptic adaptation plays an important role in learning patterns. In order to perform higher-level cognitive functions such as recognition and memory, spiking neurons with learning abilities are consistently integrated, building a system with encoding, learning and memory functionalities. The book describes these aspects in detail.

Innovations and Advances in Cognitive Systems

Author : S. D. Prabu Ragavendiran
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031691970
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovations and Advances in Cognitive Systems by : S. D. Prabu Ragavendiran

Download or read book Innovations and Advances in Cognitive Systems written by S. D. Prabu Ragavendiran and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuromorphic Intelligence

Author : Shuangming Yang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031578732
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuromorphic Intelligence by : Shuangming Yang

Download or read book Neuromorphic Intelligence written by Shuangming Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

SpiNNaker - A Spiking Neural Network Architecture

Author : Steve Furber
Publisher : NowOpen
ISBN 13 : 9781680836523
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis SpiNNaker - A Spiking Neural Network Architecture by : Steve Furber

Download or read book SpiNNaker - A Spiking Neural Network Architecture written by Steve Furber and published by NowOpen. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books tells the story of the origins of the world's largest neuromorphic computing platform, its development and its deployment, and the immense software development effort that has gone into making it openly available and accessible to researchers and students the world over

Memristors for Neuromorphic Circuits and Artificial Intelligence Applications

Author : Jordi Suñé
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039285769
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Memristors for Neuromorphic Circuits and Artificial Intelligence Applications by : Jordi Suñé

Download or read book Memristors for Neuromorphic Circuits and Artificial Intelligence Applications written by Jordi Suñé and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in the past decade due to the ever increasing computing power. Artificial Neural Networks are inspired in the brain structure and consist in the interconnection of artificial neurons through artificial synapses. Training these systems requires huge amounts of data and, after the network is trained, it can recognize unforeseen data and provide useful information. The so-called Spiking Neural Networks behave similarly to how the brain functions and are very energy efficient. Up to this moment, both spiking and conventional neural networks have been implemented in software programs running on conventional computing units. However, this approach requires high computing power, a large physical space and is energy inefficient. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing AI tools directly implemented in hardware. The first hardware demonstrations have been based on CMOS circuits for neurons and specific communication protocols for synapses. However, to further increase training speed and energy efficiency while decreasing system size, the combination of CMOS neurons with memristor synapses is being explored. The memristor is a resistor with memory which behaves similarly to biological synapses. This book explores the state-of-the-art of neuromorphic circuits implementing neural networks with memristors for AI applications.

Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Systems

Author : Christian Mayr
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889198774
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Systems by : Christian Mayr

Download or read book Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Systems written by Christian Mayr and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-26 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most striking properties of biological systems is their ability to learn and adapt to ever changing environmental conditions, tasks and stimuli. It emerges from a number of different forms of plasticity, that change the properties of the computing substrate, mainly acting on the modification of the strength of synaptic connections that gate the flow of information across neurons. Plasticity is an essential ingredient for building artificial autonomous cognitive agents that can learn to reliably and meaningfully interact with the real world. For this reason, the neuromorphic community at large has put substantial effort in the design of different forms of plasticity and in putting them to practical use. These plasticity forms comprise, among others, Short Term Depression and Facilitation, Homeostasis, Spike Frequency Adaptation and diverse forms of Hebbian learning (e.g. Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity). This special research topic collects the most advanced developments in the design of the diverse forms of plasticity, from the single circuit to the system level, as well as their exploitation in the implementation of cognitive systems.

Neuromorphic Computing Principles and Organization

Author : Abderazek Ben Abdallah
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030925250
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuromorphic Computing Principles and Organization by : Abderazek Ben Abdallah

Download or read book Neuromorphic Computing Principles and Organization written by Abderazek Ben Abdallah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on neuromorphic computing principles and organization and how to build fault-tolerant scalable hardware for large and medium scale spiking neural networks with learning capabilities. In addition, the book describes in a comprehensive way the organization and how to design a spike-based neuromorphic system to perform network of spiking neurons communication, computing, and adaptive learning for emerging AI applications. The book begins with an overview of neuromorphic computing systems and explores the fundamental concepts of artificial neural networks. Next, we discuss artificial neurons and how they have evolved in their representation of biological neuronal dynamics. Afterward, we discuss implementing these neural networks in neuron models, storage technologies, inter-neuron communication networks, learning, and various design approaches. Then, comes the fundamental design principle to build an efficient neuromorphic system in hardware. The challenges that need to be solved toward building a spiking neural network architecture with many synapses are discussed. Learning in neuromorphic computing systems and the major emerging memory technologies that promise neuromorphic computing are then given. A particular chapter of this book is dedicated to the circuits and architectures used for communication in neuromorphic systems. In particular, the Network-on-Chip fabric is introduced for receiving and transmitting spikes following the Address Event Representation (AER) protocol and the memory accessing method. In addition, the interconnect design principle is covered to help understand the overall concept of on-chip and off-chip communication. Advanced on-chip interconnect technologies, including si-photonic three-dimensional interconnects and fault-tolerant routing algorithms, are also given. The book also covers the main threats of reliability and discusses several recovery methods for multicore neuromorphic systems. This is important for reliable processing in several embedded neuromorphic applications. A reconfigurable design approach that supports multiple target applications via dynamic reconfigurability, network topology independence, and network expandability is also described in the subsequent chapters. The book ends with a case study about a real hardware-software design of a reliable three-dimensional digital neuromorphic processor geared explicitly toward the 3D-ICs biological brain’s three-dimensional structure. The platform enables high integration density and slight spike delay of spiking networks and features a scalable design. We present methods for fault detection and recovery in a neuromorphic system as well. Neuromorphic Computing Principles and Organization is an excellent resource for researchers, scientists, graduate students, and hardware-software engineers dealing with the ever-increasing demands on fault-tolerance, scalability, and low power consumption. It is also an excellent resource for teaching advanced undergraduate and graduate students about the fundamentals concepts, organization, and actual hardware-software design of reliable neuromorphic systems with learning and fault-tolerance capabilities.

Closed-Loop Systems for Next-Generation Neuroprostheses

Author : Timothée Levi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454665
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Closed-Loop Systems for Next-Generation Neuroprostheses by : Timothée Levi

Download or read book Closed-Loop Systems for Next-Generation Neuroprostheses written by Timothée Levi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurological disorders which disrupt the connections within the brain and between brain and body causing impairments of primary functions and paralysis. Such a number is likely to increase in the next years and current assistive technology is yet limited. A possible response to such disabilities, offered by the neuroscience community, is given by Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) and neuroprostheses. The latter field of research is highly multidisciplinary, since it involves very different and disperse scientific communities, making it fundamental to create connections and to join research efforts. Indeed, the design and development of neuroprosthetic devices span/involve different research topics such as: interfacing of neural systems at different levels of architectural complexity (from in vitro neuronal ensembles to human brain), bio-artificial interfaces for stimulation (e.g. micro-stimulation, DBS: Deep Brain Stimulation) and recording (e.g. EMG: Electromyography, EEG: Electroencephalography, LFP: Local Field Potential), innovative signal processing tools for coding and decoding of neural activity, biomimetic artificial Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) and neural network modeling. In order to develop functional communication with the nervous system and to create a new generation of neuroprostheses, the study of closed-loop systems is mandatory. It has been widely recognized that closed-loop neuroprosthetic systems achieve more favorable outcomes for users then equivalent open-loop devices. Improvements in task performance, usability, and embodiment have all been reported in systems utilizing some form of feedback. The bi-directional communication between living neurons and artificial devices is the main final goal of those studies. However, closed-loop systems are still uncommon in the literature, mostly due to requirement of multidisciplinary effort. Therefore, through eBook on closed-loop systems for next-generation neuroprostheses, we encourage an active discussion among neurobiologists, electrophysiologists, bioengineers, computational neuroscientists and neuromorphic engineers. This eBook aims to facilitate this process by ordering the 25 contributions of this research in which we highlighted in three different parts: (A) Optimization of different blocks composing the closed-loop system, (B) Systems for neuromodulation based on DBS, EMG and SNN and (C) Closed-loop BMIs for rehabilitation.

Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications

Author : André van Schaik
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288919454X
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications by : André van Schaik

Download or read book Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications written by André van Schaik and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-05 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.

Neural and Concurrent Real-Time Systems

Author : Branko Soucek
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural and Concurrent Real-Time Systems by : Branko Soucek

Download or read book Neural and Concurrent Real-Time Systems written by Branko Soucek and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1989-11-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to neural and concurrent processing. Treatment is relatively self-contained--all the fundamentals are reviewed. Exposition is straightforward, with emphasis on functions, systems, and applications. Covers neural networks of varying granularity, systems realizing 40,000 mips, and a wide range of real-life applications. Describes intelligent real-time systems applications in intelligent instruments, data acquisition, signal and speech processing, computer vision and graphics, process control and manufacturing inspection, robots, decision-making systems, on-line simulators, and flexible manufacturing cells.

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16

Author : Sebastian Thrun
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262201520
Total Pages : 1694 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 by : Sebastian Thrun

Download or read book Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 written by Sebastian Thrun and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the 2003 Neural Information Processing Conference by leading physicists, neuroscientists, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. The annual Neural Information Processing (NIPS) conference is the flagship meeting on neural computation. It draws a diverse group of attendees -- physicists, neuroscientists, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. The presentations are interdisciplinary, with contributions in algorithms, learning theory, cognitive science, neuroscience, brain imaging, vision, speech and signal processing, reinforcement learning and control, emerging technologies, and applications. Only thirty percent of the papers submitted are accepted for presentation at NIPS, so the quality is exceptionally high. This volume contains all the papers presented at the 2003 conference.

Supervised Learning with Complex-valued Neural Networks

Author : Sundaram Suresh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 364229491X
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Supervised Learning with Complex-valued Neural Networks by : Sundaram Suresh

Download or read book Supervised Learning with Complex-valued Neural Networks written by Sundaram Suresh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-28 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advancements in the field of telecommunications, medical imaging and signal processing deal with signals that are inherently time varying, nonlinear and complex-valued. The time varying, nonlinear characteristics of these signals can be effectively analyzed using artificial neural networks. Furthermore, to efficiently preserve the physical characteristics of these complex-valued signals, it is important to develop complex-valued neural networks and derive their learning algorithms to represent these signals at every step of the learning process. This monograph comprises a collection of new supervised learning algorithms along with novel architectures for complex-valued neural networks. The concepts of meta-cognition equipped with a self-regulated learning have been known to be the best human learning strategy. In this monograph, the principles of meta-cognition have been introduced for complex-valued neural networks in both the batch and sequential learning modes. For applications where the computation time of the training process is critical, a fast learning complex-valued neural network called as a fully complex-valued relaxation network along with its learning algorithm has been presented. The presence of orthogonal decision boundaries helps complex-valued neural networks to outperform real-valued networks in performing classification tasks. This aspect has been highlighted. The performances of various complex-valued neural networks are evaluated on a set of benchmark and real-world function approximation and real-valued classification problems.

Neuromorphic Photonics

Author : Paul R. Prucnal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498725244
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuromorphic Photonics by : Paul R. Prucnal

Download or read book Neuromorphic Photonics written by Paul R. Prucnal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets out to build bridges between the domains of photonic device physics and neural networks, providing a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of "neuromorphic photonics." It includes a thorough discussion of evolution of neuromorphic photonics from the advent of fiber-optic neurons to today’s state-of-the-art integrated laser neurons, which are a current focus of international research. Neuromorphic Photonics explores candidate interconnection architectures and devices for integrated neuromorphic networks, along with key functionality such as learning. It is written at a level accessible to graduate students, while also intending to serve as a comprehensive reference for experts in the field.

Advances in Neural Networks

Author : Simone Bassis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319337475
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Neural Networks by : Simone Bassis

Download or read book Advances in Neural Networks written by Simone Bassis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-18 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This carefully edited book is putting emphasis on computational and artificial intelligent methods for learning and their relative applications in robotics, embedded systems, and ICT interfaces for psychological and neurological diseases. The book is a follow-up of the scientific workshop on Neural Networks (WIRN 2015) held in Vietri sul Mare, Italy, from the 20th to the 22nd of May 2015. The workshop, at its 27th edition became a traditional scientific event that brought together scientists from many countries, and several scientific disciplines. Each chapter is an extended version of the original contribution presented at the workshop, and together with the reviewers’ peer revisions it also benefits from the live discussion during the presentation. The content of book is organized in the following sections. 1. Introduction, 2. Machine Learning, 3. Artificial Neural Networks: Algorithms and models, 4. Intelligent Cyberphysical and Embedded System, 5. Computational Intelligence Methods for Biomedical ICT in Neurological Diseases, 6. Neural Networks-Based Approaches to Industrial Processes, 7. Reconfigurable Modular Adaptive Smart Robotic Systems for Optoelectronics Industry: The White'R Instantiation This book is unique in proposing a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to implement autonomous, and complex Human Computer Interfaces.

Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems

Author : Shih-Chii Liu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470018496
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems by : Shih-Chii Liu

Download or read book Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems written by Shih-Chii Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems. Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence. This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems. Key features: Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering. Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles. Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10

Author : Michael I. Jordan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262100762
Total Pages : 1114 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10 by : Michael I. Jordan

Download or read book Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10 written by Michael I. Jordan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annual conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) is the flagship conference on neural computation. These proceedings contain all of the papers that were presented.