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Reactive Inorganic Mercury
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Book Synopsis Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds by : J. Risher
Download or read book Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds written by J. Risher and published by WHO. This book was released on 2003 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of WHO, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the International Labour Organization and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IPCS).
Book Synopsis Reactive Inorganic Mercury by : Elizabeth Beaulieu Stumpner
Download or read book Reactive Inorganic Mercury written by Elizabeth Beaulieu Stumpner and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stannous-chloride-reducible divalent mercury, or 'reactive' mercury (Hg(II)R), is a methodologically defined Hg fraction that is increasingly being used as a surrogate measure of the Hg pool available for microbial Hg(II)-methylation. A critical examination of Hg(II)R stability was conducted in a set of experiments that examined techniques of sediment preservation and storage over time (0, 1, 7, 30, 90, 180, and in some cases 360 days), temperature (-80°C, -15°C, and 5°C), and with/without a glove bag that excluded atmospheric oxygen. A second set of experiments examined effects of field preservation, sediment homogenization and thaw time associated with samples previously preserved frozen. On the basis of experimental results, a recommended protocol is presented here for studies where Hg(II)R is a targeted analyte. (1) An oxidation-reduction probe should be used in the field to ensure the sampling area has similar redox conditions. (2) Samples may be collected in the field and transported to the lab in one of two ways; in Mason jars with no head space and placed on wet ice or collected in individual vials and placed on dry ice. (3) Based on statistical results, chilled samples should be analyzed immediately (within 1-2 days) or stored at -80°C for up to three months and frozen samples should be analyzed immediately (within 1-2 days). (4) Prior to analysis, frozen sample may be thawed sample 1-4 hours. (5) Compositing samples of variable redox status is not recommended. Sediment for the experiments was chosen from four distinct Hg-contaminated sites surrounding the Sacramento'San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. Sites were chosen based on legacy Hg contamination in the form of cinnabar (HgS) from past Hg mining impacted sites (Alviso Slough and Cache Creek sites), and elemental Hg from past gold mining sites (Cosumnes River and Humbug Creek (South Yuba River watershed). Samples were chosen with a wide range of organic content, oxidation-reduction conditions, and total reduced sulfur concentration because these properties are known to influence Hg(II)R concentration. Geochemical modeling conducted with PHREEQC indicated that the oxidation of aqueous sulfide plays an important role in controlling the saturation index of cinnabar, which has a direct effect on the solubility of Hg(II), and by extension an influence on the sediment Hg(II)R assay.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury by : National Research Council
Download or read book Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-27 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury is widespread in our environment. Methylmercury, one organic form of mercury, can accumulate up the aquatic food chain and lead to high concentrations in predatory fish. When consumed by humans, contaminated fish represent a public health risk. Combustion processes, especially coal-fired power plants, are major sources of mercury contamination in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering regulating mercury emissions from those plants. Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury reviews the health effects of methylmercury and discusses the estimation of mercury exposure from measured biomarkers, how differences between individuals affect mercury toxicity, and appropriate statistical methods for analysis of the data and thoroughly compares the epidemiological studies available on methylmercury. Included are discussions of current mercury levels on public health and a delineation of the scientific aspects and policy decisions involved in the regulation of mercury. This report is a valuable resource for individuals interested in the public health effects and regulation of mercury. The report also provides an excellent example of the implications of decisions in the risk assessment process for a larger audience.
Book Synopsis Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals: Specific metals by : Lars Friberg
Download or read book Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals: Specific metals written by Lars Friberg and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1986 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapters on specific metals include physical and chemical properties, methods and problems of analysis, production and uses, environmental levels and exposures, metabolism, levels in tissues and biological fluids, effects and dose-response relationships, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and preventative measures, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Book Synopsis Advances in Mercury Toxicology by : Tsuguyoshi Suzuki
Download or read book Advances in Mercury Toxicology written by Tsuguyoshi Suzuki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on an international meeting organized by the University of Tokyo and the University of Rochester, and is published as one belonging to the series of Rochester International Conferences in Environmental Toxicity. The meeting on "Advances in Mercury Toxicology" was held at the University of Tokyo on August 1 to 3, 1990. The invited papers are published in this book along with an "Overview" chapter that was written by the editors at a meeting held at the University of Rochester on August 1 to 2, 1991. The purpose of the meeting was to assemble leading scientists to discuss their most recent findings on the toxicology of mercury. The time was opportune. Considerable progress has been made on the environmental fate and toxicology of mercury. Recent findings have given new insight into the global model for mercury. Transport in the atmosphere extends great distances resulting in pollution of lakes and rivers far distant from the source of mercury release. The process of methylation leads to accumulation of methylmercury in fish and thus in the human diet. New evidence indicates that acid rain and the impoundment of water for hydroelectric purposes affects the methylation and bioaccumulation processes resulting in higher levels of methylmercury in fish.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 7694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II, Nine Volume Set reviews and examines topics of relevance to today’s inorganic chemists. Covering more interdisciplinary and high impact areas, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II includes biological inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry, materials chemistry, and nanoscience. The work is designed to follow on, with a different viewpoint and format, from our 1973 work, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, edited by Bailar, Emeléus, Nyholm, and Trotman-Dickenson, which has received over 2,000 citations. The new work will also complement other recent Elsevier works in this area, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry and Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, to form a trio of works covering the whole of modern inorganic chemistry. Chapters are designed to provide a valuable, long-standing scientific resource for both advanced students new to an area and researchers who need further background or answers to a particular problem on the elements, their compounds, or applications. Chapters are written by teams of leading experts, under the guidance of the Volume Editors and the Editors-in-Chief. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. The chapters will not provide basic data on the elements, which is available from many sources (and the original work), but instead concentrate on applications of the elements and their compounds. Provides a comprehensive review which serves to put many advances in perspective and allows the reader to make connections to related fields, such as: biological inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry, solid state chemistry and nanoscience Inorganic chemistry is rapidly developing, which brings about the need for a reference resource such as this that summarise recent developments and simultaneously provide background information Forms the new definitive source for researchers interested in elements and their applications; completely replacing the highly cited first edition, which published in 1973
Download or read book Mercury Health Effects Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309568722 Total Pages :988 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Environmental Medicine by : Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine
Download or read book Environmental Medicine written by Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-12 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.
Book Synopsis Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Mercury by : Guangliang Liu
Download or read book Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Mercury written by Guangliang Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the fundamentals, recent developments, and future research needs for critical mercury transformation and transport processes, as well as the experimental methods that have been employed in recent studies. The coverage discusses the environmental behavior and toxicological effects of mercury on organisms, including humans, and provides case studies at the end of each chapter. Bringing together information normally spread across several books, this text is unique in covering the entire mercury cycle and providing a baseline for what is known and what uncertainties remain in respect to mercury cycling.
Book Synopsis Mercury Hazards to Living Organisms by : Ronald Eisler
Download or read book Mercury Hazards to Living Organisms written by Ronald Eisler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex and ever changing in its forms and functions, the element mercury follows a convoluted course through the environment and up the food chain. The process is complicated further by the fact that the difference between tolerable natural background levels and harmful effects in the environment is exceptionally small and still not completely und
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation by : Josep M. Bayona
Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of Mercury by : Charles Andrew McAuliffe
Download or read book The Chemistry of Mercury written by Charles Andrew McAuliffe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Biogeochemistry of Mercury in the Environment by : Jerome O. Nriagu
Download or read book The Biogeochemistry of Mercury in the Environment written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by Elsevier-North-Holland Biomedical Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global and Regional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances by : W. Baeyens
Download or read book Global and Regional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances written by W. Baeyens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential themes in the biochemical cycling of mercury are the relative importance of anthropogenic versus natural sources, transformation and migration processes at the local, regional and global scale, global emission inventories of different mercury sources (both point and diffuse) of both natural and anthropogenic origin. In this regard, Siberia, with its vast territory and variety of natural zones, is of special interest in the global mercury cycle and in terms of the influence of geographical zones on source and sink terms in regional budgets. Siberia contains large areas of mercuriferous belts; natural deposits that emit mercury into the atmosphere and water. Siberian gold has been mined with the use of mercury since the early 1800s. But there, too, huge forest zones and vast areas of tundra and wetland (bogs) can act as efficient sinks for atmospheric mercury. Audience: Environmental scientists, legislators, politicians and the interested citizen wishing to gain a clear picture of the biogeochemical cycling of mercury.
Book Synopsis Removal of Elemental Mercury from a Gas Stream Facilitated by a Non-Thermal Plasma Device by : Charles Mones
Download or read book Removal of Elemental Mercury from a Gas Stream Facilitated by a Non-Thermal Plasma Device written by Charles Mones and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury generated from anthropogenic sources presents a difficult environmental problem. In comparison to other toxic metals, mercury has a low vaporization temperature. Mercury and mercury compounds are highly toxic, and organic forms such as methyl mercury can be bio-accumulated. Exposure pathways include inhalation and transport to surface waters. Mercury poisoning can result in both acute and chronic effects. Most commonly, chronic exposure to mercury vapor affects the central nervous system and brain, resulting in neurological damage. The CRE technology employs a series of non-thermal, plasma-jet devices to provide a method for elemental mercury removal from a gas phase by targeting relevant chemical reactions. The technology couples the known chemistry of converting elemental mercury to ionic compounds by mercury-chlorine-oxygen reactions with the generation of highly reactive species in a non-thermal, atmospheric, plasma device. The generation of highly reactive metastable species in a non-thermal plasma device is well known. The introduction of plasma using a jet-injection device provides a means to contact highly reactive species with elemental mercury in a manner to overcome the kinetic and mass-transfer limitations encountered by previous researchers. To demonstrate this technology, WRI has constructed a plasma test facility that includes plasma reactors capable of using up to four plasma jets, flow control instrumentation, an integrated control panel to operate the facility, a mercury generation system that employs a temperature controlled oven and permeation tube, combustible and mercury gas analyzers, and a ductless fume hood designed to capture fugitive mercury emissions. Continental Research and Engineering (CR & E) and Western Research Institute (WRI) successfully demonstrated that non-thermal plasma containing oxygen and chlorine-oxygen reagents could completely convert elemental mercury to an ionic form. These results demonstrate potential the application of this technology for removing elemental mercury from flue gas streams generated by utility boilers. On an absolute basis, the quantity of reagent required to accomplish the oxidation was small. For example, complete oxidation of mercury was accomplished using a 1% volume fraction of oxygen in a nitrogen stream. Overall, the tests with mercury validated the most useful aspect of the CR & E technology: Providing a method for elemental mercury removal from a gas phase by employing a specific plasma reagent to either increase reaction kinetics or promote reactions that would not have occurred under normal circumstances.
Book Synopsis Mercury Study Report to Congress: Executive summary by :
Download or read book Mercury Study Report to Congress: Executive summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxic Effects of Mercury by : Shabnum Nabi
Download or read book Toxic Effects of Mercury written by Shabnum Nabi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury is widespread in our environment. Methylmercury, an organic form of mercury, can accumulate in the aquatic food chain and lead to high concentrations in predatory fish. When consumed by humans, contaminated fish represent a public health risk. Toxic Effects of Mercury intends to facilitate among its readers the understanding of the importance of mercury pollution in the environment and the health consequences associated with exposure to this metal. The knowledge on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity collected over the years is undoubtedly robust creating an impression all that is to be learnt about this metal has already been accomplished. However, in large measure, past knowledge has merely laid the ground for interesting questions that have yet to be fully addressed and concepts have yet to be deciphered. One of my major goals was to make a valiant attempt to include state-of-the-art information on the mechanisms of mercury toxicity, describing its effects on cultured cellular systems as well as in whole living organisms, starting from the lessons learned from the tragic events in Minamata Bay, Japan. A special focus of the book is on the neurotoxic effects of MeHg. An understanding at the cellular level is necessary to gather information on the structural and functional alterations induced by MeHg and how they possibly become unmasked and evident at the behavioral level, 32 chapters of the book have been organised having these considerations in mind. This book will provide state-of-the-art information to the graduate students training in toxicology, risk assessors, researchers and medical providers at large. It is aimed to bring the readers updated information on contemporary issues associated with exposure to methylmercury, from its effects on stem cells and neurons to population studies. It is a valuable resource for individuals interested in the public health effects and regulation of mercury. The report provides an excellent example of the implications of decisions in the risk assessment process for a larger audience and is written with the hope that the information will provide better understanding of the mercury problems which confront us.
