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Rational Rules
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Download or read book Rational Rules written by Shaun Nichols and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules proposes that moral learning can be understood in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. Nichols argues that statistical learning can help answer a wide range of questions about moral thought: Why do people think that rules apply to actions rather than consequences? Why do people expect new rules to be focused on actions rather than consequences? How do people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted? How do people decide that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group? The resulting account has both empiricist and rationalist features: since the learning procedures are domain-general, the result is an empiricist theory of a key part of moral development, and since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference, the account entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials. Moral rules can also be rational in the sense that they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. Nichols argues that the account might be extended to capture moral motivation as a special case of a much more general phenomenon of normative motivation. On this view, a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically, and so part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.
Download or read book Rational Rules written by Shaun Nichols and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules proposes that moral learning can be understood in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. Nichols argues that statistical learning can help answer a wide range of questions about moral thought: Why do people think that rules apply to actions rather than consequences? Why do people expect new rules to be focused on actions rather than consequences? How do people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted? How do people decide that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group? The resulting account has both empiricist and rationalist features: since the learning procedures are domain-general, the result is an empiricist theory of a key part of moral development, and since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference, the account entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials. Moral rules can also be rational in the sense that they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. Nichols argues that the account might be extended to capture moral motivation as a special case of a much more general phenomenon of normative motivation. On this view, a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically, and so part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.
Download or read book The Moral Rules written by Bernard Gert and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1973 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Poetic of Reason: Introducing Rational Poetic Experimentalism by : Stefán Snævarr
Download or read book The Poetic of Reason: Introducing Rational Poetic Experimentalism written by Stefán Snævarr and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-09-26 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and explores Rational Poetic Experimentalism (RPE). According to RPE, it makes sense to regard reason as poetic. Regarding reason this way is the result of experimenting with philosophical ideas. Such experimentation might lead to philosophical truths which might seem very difficult to discover.
Book Synopsis The Rational as Reasonable by : Aulis Aarnio
Download or read book The Rational as Reasonable written by Aulis Aarnio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last half of the twentieth century, legal philosophy (or legal theory or jurisprudence) has grown significantly. It is no longer the domain of a few isolated scholars in law and philosophy. Hundreds of scholars from diverse fields attend international meetings on the subject. In some universities, large lecture courses of five hundred students or more study it. The primary aim of the Law and Philosophy Library is to present some of the best original work on legal philosophy from both the Anglo-American and European traditions. Not only does it help make some of the best work avail able to an international audience, but it also encourages increased awareness of, and interaction between, the two major traditions. The primary focus is on full-length scholarly monographs, although some edited volumes of original papers are also included. The Library editors are assisted by an Editorial Advisory Board of internationally renowned scholars. Legal philosophy should not be considered a narrowly circumscribed field. Insights into law and legal institutions can come from diverse disciplines on a wide range of topics. Among the relevant disciplines or perspectives con tributing to legal philosophy, besides law and philosophy, are anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology. Among the topics included in legal philosophy are theories of law; the concepts of law and legal institutions; legal reasoning and adjudication; epistemological issues of evidence and pro cedure; law and justice, economics, politics, or morality; legal ethics; and theories oflegal fields such as criminal law, contracts, and property.
Download or read book Morality written by Bernard Gert and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this final revision of the classic work, the author has produced the fullest and most sophisticated account of this influential theoretical model. Here, he makes clear that morality is an informal system that does not provide unique answers to every moral question but does always limit the range of morally acceptable options, and so explains why some moral disagreements cannot be resolved. The importance placed on the moral ideals also makes clear that the moral rules are only one part of the moral system. A chapter that is devoted to justifying violations of the rules illustrates how the moral rules are embedded in the system and cannot be adequately understood independently of it. The chapter on reasons includes a new account of what makes one reason better than another and elucidates the complex hybrid nature of rationality.
Book Synopsis The Year of Living Biblically by : A. J. Jacobs
Download or read book The Year of Living Biblically written by A. J. Jacobs and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-09-09 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling author of The Know-It-All takes on history's most influential book.
Book Synopsis Inner Life of a Rational Agent by : Rowland Stout
Download or read book Inner Life of a Rational Agent written by Rowland Stout and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-03 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A radical approach to the philosophy of mind, in which states of mind are identified with dispositions to behave in certain ways.The approach taken by Rowland Stout is a thoroughly up-to-date version of behaviourism, although not a form of behaviourism that denies the existence of consciousness, free will, rationality, etc., nor aims to reduce these to other sorts of things. Properly understood, the idea of being disposed to behave in a certain way is seen to be exactly as rich and interesting as the idea of being in a certain state of mind. The fact that our ways of behaving are sensitive to practical rationality is taken to be an essential aspect of our nature as conscious agents. And in describing such a version of practical rationality Stout claims we are describing the mental state of someone whose behaviour is sensitive to it.His account of behaviourism rests on two central notions - that of a causal disposition to behave and that of sensitivity to practical rationality. He explains and develops these notions in some detail, and then uses them to construct powerful and original accounts of belief, intention, knowledge, perception and consciousness.Key Features* A systematic and completely original theoretical approach to the philosophy of mind* A re-evaluation of the history of the philosophy of mind based on a rejection of the generally accepted arguments in the 1960s and 1970s used by functionalists against behaviourists* A serious engagement with the intuitively compelling issues concerning behaviourism.
Book Synopsis Rational Choice by : Michael Allingham
Download or read book Rational Choice written by Michael Allingham and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-07-05 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of this book is to develop and unify the theory of rational choice. Michael Allingham produces a framework in which the problems of pure choice, choice under uncertainty, strategic choice and social change are united. A secondary purpose is to comment on attitudes to risk and of the concept of knowledge to examine how these problems impact on rational choice theory.
Book Synopsis Rationality, Rules, and Ideals by : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Download or read book Rationality, Rules, and Ideals written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays by prestigious authors discussing the work of Bernard Gert, Stone Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Dartmouth College.
Book Synopsis Science, Explanation, and Rationality by : James H. Fetzer
Download or read book Science, Explanation, and Rationality written by James H. Fetzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-12-07 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carl G. Hempel exerted greater influence upon philosophers of science than any other figure during the 20th century. In this far-reaching collection, distinguished philosophers contribute valuable studies that illuminate and clarify the central problems to which Hempel was devoted. The essays enhance our understanding of the development of logical empiricism as the major intellectual influence for scientifically-oriented philosophers and philosophically-minded scientists of the 20th century.
Book Synopsis Halleck's International Law Or Rules Regulating the Inter-course of States in Peace and War by : Henry Wager Halleck
Download or read book Halleck's International Law Or Rules Regulating the Inter-course of States in Peace and War written by Henry Wager Halleck and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Rules of Aseptic and Antiseptic Surgery by : Arpad Geyza Gerster
Download or read book The Rules of Aseptic and Antiseptic Surgery written by Arpad Geyza Gerster and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Rules of aseptic and antiseptic surgery bd.2 by : Arpad Geyza Gerster
Download or read book The Rules of aseptic and antiseptic surgery bd.2 written by Arpad Geyza Gerster and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rational Choice in an Uncertain World by : Reid Hastie
Download or read book Rational Choice in an Uncertain World written by Reid Hastie and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009-11-17 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors are highly respected as leading figures in the field of judgment and decision making. There are many existing books on topics related to judgment and decision making, but this book makes a unique contribution to this field because of its systematic and scholarly approach, and its breadth of coverage." —Robert Goldstone, Indiana University "Reid Hastie and Robyn Dawes are two of the most eminent researchers in the field. I know these authors to be excellent writers and I have no doubt that their writing style will be suitable for my students." —William Goldstein, University of Chicago In the new edition of this award-winning text, renowned authors Reid Hastie and Robyn Dawes compare and contrast the basic principles of rationality with actual behavior in making decisions. This book explores theories and research findings from the field of judgment and decision making in a non-technical manner, using anecdotes as a teaching device. Intended as an introductory textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the material not only is of scholarly interest but is practical as well. New to This Edition Chapter introductions, conclusions, and cross-references between chapters make the text more student friendly An abundance of examples from areas such as finance, medicine, law, and engineering anchor concepts to the real world Increased consideration of descriptive, psychological models of decision making augment the original emphasis on normative, rational, "Expected Utility Theory" models, bring the book up to date Balance among the three major approaches to judgment and decision making: cognitive psychological analyses of mental processes and heuristics, descriptive algebraic models of judgment and decision processes, and rational models of decision making
Book Synopsis Truth 20/20: How a Global Pandemic Shaped Truth Research by : Adam C. Podlaskowski
Download or read book Truth 20/20: How a Global Pandemic Shaped Truth Research written by Adam C. Podlaskowski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theories of Human Communication by : Stephen W. Littlejohn
Download or read book Theories of Human Communication written by Stephen W. Littlejohn and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over forty years, Theories of Human Communication has facilitated the understanding of the theories that define the discipline of communication. The authors present a comprehensive summary of major communication theories, current research, extensions, and applications in a thoughtfully organized and engaging style. Part I of the extensively updated twelfth edition sets the stage for how to think about and study communication. The first chapter establishes the foundations of communication theory. The next chapter reviews four frameworks for organizing the theories and their contributions to the nature of inquiry. Part II covers theories centered around the communicator, message, medium, and communication with the nonhuman. Part III addresses theories related to communication contexts—relationship, group, organization, health, culture, and society. “From the Source” contributions from theorists provide insight into the inspirations, motivations, and goals behind the theories. Online instructor’s resource materials include sample syllabi, key terms, exam questions, and text graphics. The theories include those important for their continuing influence in the field as well as emerging theories that encourage thinking about issues in new ways. For a reasonable price, readers are able to explore the patterns, trends, trajectories, and intricacies of the landscape of communication theory and will have an invaluable resource for future reference.
