Jah Kingdom

Download Jah Kingdom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469633604
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jah Kingdom by : Monique A. Bedasse

Download or read book Jah Kingdom written by Monique A. Bedasse and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From its beginnings in 1930s Jamaica, the Rastafarian movement has become a global presence. While the existing studies of the Rastafarian movement have primarily focused on its cultural expression through reggae music, art, and iconography, Monique A. Bedasse argues that repatriation to Africa represents the most important vehicle of Rastafari's international growth. Shifting the scholarship on repatriation from Ethiopia to Tanzania, Bedasse foregrounds Rastafari's enduring connection to black radical politics and establishes Tanzania as a critical site to explore gender, religion, race, citizenship, socialism, and nation. Beyond her engagement with how the Rastafarian idea of Africa translated into a lived reality, she demonstrates how Tanzanian state and nonstate actors not only validated the Rastafarian idea of diaspora but were also crucial to defining the parameters of Pan-Africanism. Based on previously undiscovered oral and written sources from Tanzania, Jamaica, England, the United States, and Trinidad, Bedasse uncovers a vast and varied transnational network--including Julius Nyerere, Michael Manley, and C. L. R James--revealing Rastafari's entrenchment in the making of Pan-Africanism in the postindependence period.

Rastafari: A Very Short Introduction

Download Rastafari: A Very Short Introduction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199584524
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rastafari: A Very Short Introduction by : Ennis Barrington Edmonds

Download or read book Rastafari: A Very Short Introduction written by Ennis Barrington Edmonds and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rastafari has grown into an international socio-religious movement, with adherents of Rastafari found in most of the major population centres and outposts of the world. This Very Short Introduction provides a brief account of this widespread but often poorly understood movement, looking at its history, central principles, and practices.

The Rastafarians

Download The Rastafarians PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807097055
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Rastafarians by : Leonard Barrett

Download or read book The Rastafarians written by Leonard Barrett and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic work on the history and beliefs of the Rastafarians, whose roots of protest go back to the seventeenth-century maroon societies of escaped slaves in Jamaica. Based on an extensive study of the Rastafarians, their history, their ideology, and their influence in Jamaica, The Rastafarians is an important contribution to the sociology of religion and to our knowledge of the variety of religious expressions that have grown up during the West African Diaspora in the Western Hemisphere.

The Rastafari Movement

Download The Rastafari Movement PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134816995
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Rastafari Movement by : Michael Barnett

Download or read book The Rastafari Movement written by Michael Barnett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rastafari Movement: A North American and Caribbean Perspective provides a historical and ideological overview of the Rastafari movement in the context of its early beginnings in the island of Jamaica and its eventual establishment in other geographic locations. Building on previous scholarship and the author's own fieldwork, the text goes on to provide a rich comparative analysis of the Rastafari movement with other Black theological movements, specifically the Nation of Islam and the Black Hebrew Israelites in the context of the United States. The text explores the following topics: • Pan-Africanism, Black nationalism and Rastafari; • gender dynamics; • globalization; • concepts and symbols; • other Black theological movements. This text is ideal for students of religious studies, sociology, anthropology, African Diaspora studies, African American studies, and Black studies who wish to gain an understanding of the history and beliefs of the Rastafari Movement.

Convert to Rastafari (How to Convert to Rastafari Livity)

Download Convert to Rastafari (How to Convert to Rastafari Livity) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Empress
ISBN 13 : 1975997824
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (759 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Convert to Rastafari (How to Convert to Rastafari Livity) by : Empress

Download or read book Convert to Rastafari (How to Convert to Rastafari Livity) written by Empress and published by Empress . This book was released on 2017-09-02 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Convert to Rastafari 85 Tips, Principles & Teachings to Convert to Rastafari By Empress Copyright © 2017 Empress All rights reserved. Rasta Books on Amazon DEDICATION For all the Men and Women who aspire to live as Rasta, and embrace the livity to the fullest. Jah Rastafari. Table of Contents  What is a Rasta? 14 Beliefs of Rastafari (7) 16 Marcus Garvey: Our Prophet (1) 19 Haile Selassie Teachings (6) 21 #6 Haile Selassie in the Bible 24 Haile Selassie Facts Every Rasta Knows (8) 26 “Rasta to Rasta” code (6) 31 Bob Marley Interview: His Beliefs in Jah Rastafari (1) 40 Bob Marley Interview on Rastafari 41 How to Pray as a Rasta (6) 44 Bible stories about Rastafari (3) 55 Rasta Language: Common words & Phrases (10) 83 Ital Rasta Food Laws (8) 87 Lion of Judah Flag Meaning (5) 91 Meaning of Dreadlocks as Rasta (10) 95 Convert to Rastafari (Vow) (9) 102 How to Choose Your Rasta Name (5) 114 A book titled “Convert to Rastafari?” Yes, I am aware that one cannot Convert to Rastafari as Rastafari is not a Religion. I am Tafari, I am aware. However there are many people today who are becoming aware of “the light of Jah,” and seek guidance to live this way of life. Rastafari is a way of life that acknowledges Jah is some very specific, special and spiritual ways. Why must one go to a bald head for guidance on Rastafari? Why learn the livity from someone who is a student of the livity themselves? It is my work as Rasta on the Journey, to provide Jah Rastafari guidance to those who seek it. To embrace Rastafari is a blessing. Convert to Rastafari is my way of sharing this blessing of my faith, with those who want to embrace it too. The more Rastafari minded individuals we have on the earth, the better the world will be. Blessed. Love.   What is a Rasta? A Rasta is a person who loves and respects, and is spiritually aware of, the earth, himself, King Selassie I, Jah, and Jah creations. There are some basic beliefs and principles, that every Rasta lives by, that you should be aware of, before you convert to Rastafari. Beliefs of Rastafari (7) #1 Equal Rights and Justice - A Rasta is a person who believes in equal rights and justice for all. #2 Jah/God - A Rasta is a person who knows Jah is always watching all that we say and do. #3 Judgement Day - A Rasta is a person who knows each man and woman will be responsible for his and her own judgement by Jah. #4 To Eat dead flesh is unclean - A Rasta believes the eating of meat/flesh is an unclean act for the body mind and spirit. #5 Recognize the face of Jah - A Rasta knows, King Selassie I is the face of Jah manifested as man. #6 The Babylon System - A Rasta is a person who is aware of the Babylon System, (the lies of the Government,) and its effects on humanity. #7 Respect for nature - A Rasta is a person who has a deep love and respect for all nature, because he knows, Jah is in nature. Marcus Garvey: Our Prophet (1) Marcus Garvey, a man of Jamaican Ancestry... a leader, and a speaker, who brought hope & and inspiration to Millions of formerly.... Give Thanks. Please purchase the paperback version, or the eBook Version on googleplay or amazon.com. More Love.

The First Rasta

Download The First Rasta PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Chicago Review Press
ISBN 13 : 1556524668
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (565 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The First Rasta by : Stephen Davis

Download or read book The First Rasta written by Stephen Davis and published by Chicago Review Press. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going far beyond the standard imagery of Rasta—ganja, reggae, and dreadlocks—this cultural history offers an uncensored vision of a movement with complex roots and the exceptional journey of a man who taught an enslaved people how to be proud and impose their culture on the world. In the 1920s Leonard Percival Howell and the First Rastas had a revelation concerning the divinity of Haile Selassie, king of Ethiopia, that established the vision for the most popular mystical movement of the 20th century, Rastafarianism. Although jailed, ridiculed, and treated as insane, Howell, also known as the Gong, established a Rasta community of 4,500 members, the first agro-industrial enterprise devoted to producing marijuana. In the late 1950s the community was dispersed, disseminating Rasta teachings throughout the ghettos of the island. A young singer named Bob Marley adopted Howell's message, and through Marley's visions, reggae made its explosion in the music world.

Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control

Download Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1496800397
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (968 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control by : Stephen A. King

Download or read book Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control written by Stephen A. King and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who changed Bob Marley’s famous peace-and-love anthem into “Come to Jamaica and feel all right?” When did the Rastafarian fighting white colonial power become the smiling Rastaman spreading beach towels for American tourists? Drawing on research in social movement theory and protest music, Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control traces the history and rise of reggae and the story of how an island nation commandeered the music to fashion an image and entice tourists. Visitors to Jamaica are often unaware that reggae was a revolutionary music rooted in the suffering of Jamaica’s poor. Rastafarians were once a target of police harassment and public condemnation. Now the music is a marketing tool, and the Rastafarians are no longer a “violent counterculture” but an important symbol of Jamaica’s new cultural heritage. This book attempts to explain how the Jamaican establishment’s strategies of social control influenced the evolutionary direction of both the music and the Rastafarian movement. From 1959 to 1971, Jamaica’s popular music became identified with the Rastafarians, a social movement that gave voice to the country’s poor black communities. In response to this challenge, the Jamaican government banned politically controversial reggae songs from the airwaves and jailed or deported Rastafarian leaders. Yet when reggae became internationally popular in the 1970s, divisions among Rastafarians grew wider, spawning a number of pseudo-Rastafarians who embraced only the external symbolism of this worldwide religion. Exploiting this opportunity, Jamaica’s new Prime Minister, Michael Manley, brought Rastafarian political imagery and themes into the mainstream. Eventually, reggae and Rastafari evolved into Jamaica’s chief cultural commodities and tourist attractions.

Rastafari

Download Rastafari PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 0815603940
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (156 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rastafari by : Barry Chevannes

Download or read book Rastafari written by Barry Chevannes and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive work on the origins of the Jamaica-based Rastafaris, including interviews with some of the earliest members of the movement. Rastafari is a valuable work with a rich historical and ethnographic approach that seeks to correct several misconceptions in existing literature—the true origin of dreadlocks for instance. It will interest religion scholars, historians, scholars of Black studies, and a general audience interested in the movement and how Rastafarians settled in other countries.

Rasta Rules

Download Rasta Rules PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Empress
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rasta Rules by : Empress

Download or read book Rasta Rules written by Empress and published by Empress . This book was released on with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will teach you all the rules and laws and regulations of living as a Rastafari. From the 13 Laws of cooking Ital Rasta food, to Rasta rules for marriage, sex and relationships. Rastafari do have rules for embracing the faith that most people do not know. Find out how to truy live as a Rasta, and keep all the regulations of Rastafari. This ebook covers 5 Rasta Rules to think wisely 5 Rasta rules for using technology 13 Rasta Ital Food Laws story of queen Esther 7 Rastafari Rules for Dreadlocks 4 Rules for dressing as Queens 4 Bible quotes on how women of Jah should dress 7 Rasta Rules for the home 5 quick Rasta rules/guidelines for marriage, and socializing 5 guidelines for Raising Rasta children Solomon’s Wives 6 Rasta rules/guidelines for Ital Food cooking 20 Rasta Rules & Laws about sex 20 Various Laws for Rasta 6 Blessings of Obedience to Jah Rastafari 5 Punishments for breaking Jah Rastafari Rules 9 Rules of The Jah Rastafari Holy Sabbath 10 Rasta Rulesevery Rasta knows 3 Rasta Rules for Holiness and purity 5 King Selassie I Rules in Quotes (last) 5 Rastafari Holidays

How to Become a Rasta

Download How to Become a Rasta PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Empress Yuajah
ISBN 13 : 1463698836
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (636 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How to Become a Rasta by : Empress Yuajah

Download or read book How to Become a Rasta written by Empress Yuajah and published by Empress Yuajah. This book was released on 2011-12-07 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the religious beliefs and practices of the Rastafarians. A great Rasta book for those who want to become a Rastafarian. Written by a Jamaican Rasta Woman, this book explains Rasta beliefs, how to convert to Rastafarianism, the true ways of dress as a Rastafarian, and the meaning of Rasta. Find out all about Rastafari culture, and what it means to follow Jah Rastafari, Emperor Haile Selassie I, according the the Rastamans way of life.

Roots of Rastafari

Download Roots of Rastafari PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Roots of Rastafari by : Virginia Lee Jacobs

Download or read book Roots of Rastafari written by Virginia Lee Jacobs and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

RastafarI Women

Download RastafarI Women PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis RastafarI Women by : Obiagele Lake

Download or read book RastafarI Women written by Obiagele Lake and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subordination of Jamaican Rastafarian women represents a microcosm of women's subordination worldwide. Rastafari Women: Subordination in the Midst of Liberation Theology focuses on the Rastafarians who emerged in 1930 in response to the exploitation and disenfranchisement of African people in Jamaica. Rastafarian cultural ideology includes the belief in the divinity of Haile Selassie and that the salvation of people of African descent lies in their repatriation to Africa. Historically, Rastas have played a leading role in raising racial and anti-colonial consciousness in Jamaica. Yet at the same time, the subordination of women within their own ranks is a central aspect of their belief system. RastafarI Women is the product of years of empirical research and conversations with Rastafarian women whose voices are prominent in this work. They speak on such issues as women's codes of dress and their secondary relationship to men. This book is dauntless in its exposition of Christian religious texts and African traditional practices and the ways in which they constitute the basis for the containment of women. In Rastafari Women Lake analyzes the subordination of Rastafarian women within the larger context of sexism, colonialism, and racism in Jamaica making this book an invaluable resource for any whose work involves the intersection of sex, race, and class.

Rastafarian Children of Solomon

Download Rastafarian Children of Solomon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1591438306
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (914 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rastafarian Children of Solomon by : Gerald Hausman

Download or read book Rastafarian Children of Solomon written by Gerald Hausman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shares the spiritual wisdom of Rastafari through the stories, teachings, and traditions of practicing Rastas in Jamaica • Includes the author’s interviews with bush doctors, healers, and Rastafarians gathered during his 15 years of living in Jamaica • Reveals the old ways of the Rastafarians and how their beliefs form an unbroken lineage tracing back to King Solomon • Explains the connection of Rasta beliefs to important biblical passages Tracing their lineage back to King Solomon--the wisest man who ever lived--Rastafarians follow a spiritual tradition of peace and meditation that is more a way of life than an organized religion. During his 15 years living in Jamaica, Gerald Hausman developed deep friendships with Rastafarians and rootsmen, enabling him to experience firsthand the beliefs and traditions of these followers of the Kebra Nagast--the African gospel excised from the King James version of the Bible. He met bush doctors, Rasta preachers, members of the Marley family, and respected elders who knew Marcus Garvey, prophet of the Rasta movement and vocal proponent of the Pan-African movement in America. He also met elders who were present when Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia and descendant of the House of David, came to Jamaica in the 1960s. Through interviews with fishermen, mystics, and wise men, as well as direct encounters with spirits and the spiritual, the author reveals the deep wisdom that underlies the “old ways” of the Rastas. He connects their stories, lives, and teachings with important biblical passages as well as reggae songs. He shares their views on the medicinal and meditative powers of cannabis--the sacred herb of Solomon--and explains that while Rastas believe it to be “the opener of the door,” they maintain that peace and understanding must be found within. Illustrating the unwavering faith and hope of the Rastafari of Jamaica, Hausman shows them to be a people who, above all, emphasize equality, because the Holy Spirit within each of us makes us all one and the same.

Becoming Rasta

Download Becoming Rasta PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814767478
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Becoming Rasta by : Charles Price

Download or read book Becoming Rasta written by Charles Price and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2009-09 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals the personal experiences of those who adopted the Rastafari religion in the 1950s to 1970s. This title explores the identity development of the religion, demonstrating how shifts in the movement's identity have led some of the elder Rastafari to adopt, embrace, and internalize Rastafari and Blackness as central to their concept of self.

The Bible and Bob Marley

Download The Bible and Bob Marley PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1621898091
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Bible and Bob Marley by : Dean MacNeil

Download or read book The Bible and Bob Marley written by Dean MacNeil and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a Bible and guitar, Bob Marley set out to conquer the world of popular music. Rising from humble origins to international stardom, he worked tirelessly to spread a dual message of resistance and redemption--a message inspired by his reading of scripture. Marley's constant reliance on the Bible throughout the stages of his artistic and spiritual paths is an integral part of his story that has not been sufficiently told--until now. This is the first book written on Bob Marley as biblical interpreter. It answers the question, What light does biblical scholarship shed on Marley's interpretation, and what can Marley teach biblical scholars? Focusing on the parts of the Bible that Marley quotes most often in his lyrics, MacNeil provides a close analysis of Marley's interpretation. For students of Marley, this affords a deeper appreciation and understanding of his thought and his art. For students of scripture, it demonstrates the nature of Marley's unique contribution to the field of biblical interpretation, which can be appreciated as an excellent example of what R. S. Sugirtharajah calls "vernacular interpretation" of scripture.

Rastafarian Art

Download Rastafarian Art PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ian Randle Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rastafarian Art by : Wolfgang Bender

Download or read book Rastafarian Art written by Wolfgang Bender and published by Ian Randle Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rastafarian religion of Jamaica came into prominence in the late 1960s and early 1970s and was given international exposure through the music of one of its main exponents - Bob Marley. Music, and Reggae music in particular, was the centrepiece of Rasta creativity but Rastafarianism gave rise to a whole new cultural movement of which visual art was one of the many components. 'Official' recognition of Rasta art may be traced to the year 1980 when the National Gallery of Jamaica installed a new section dedicated to 'intuitive' artists, that is, untrained artists who were previously described as primitive or naïve. The works of Rastafarians were prominent among these intuitive including those of Albert Artwell, Ras Dizzy, Ras Daniel Hartman and Leonard Daley, to name a few. Beyond that however, little recognition has been given to Rastafarian art as a particular genre within Jamaica, and the only known attempt to document and survey the art and handicraft of Rastafarians was in the form of an exhibition catalogue prepared for an exhibition in Germany in 1980 and later updated for a second exhibition in Germany. Decades after that first catalogue was produced, comes its first English translation - Rastafarian Art by Wolfgang Bender, an ethnomusicologist and ector of the African Music Archives in the Institute for Ethnology and African Studies, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. The works presented in this volume are meant to introduce a selection of Rastafarian artists from Jamaica. The collection is accompanied by photographs that depict everyday life among Rastas and scenes from the environment in which the artists live. In addition, there are interviews with a number of the artists, a chronology of events in the development of the Rastafarian movement and Rastafarian art, and an index of the artists and their works.

Race, Class, and Political Symbols

Download Race, Class, and Political Symbols PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412832687
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (326 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race, Class, and Political Symbols by : Anita M. Waters

Download or read book Race, Class, and Political Symbols written by Anita M. Waters and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Waters is one of a new breed of analysts for whom the interpenetration of politics, culture, and national development is key to a larger integration of social research. Race, Class, and Political Symbols is a remarkably cogent examination of the uses of Rastafarian symbols and reggae music in Jamaican electoral campaigns. The author describes and analyzes the way Jamaican politicians effectively employ improbable strategies for electoral success. She includes interviews with reggae musicians, Rastafarian leaders, government and party officials, and campaign managers. Jamaican democracy and politics are fused to its culture; hence campaign advertisements, reggae songs, party pamphlets, and other documents are part of the larger picture of Caribbean life and letters. This volume centers and comes to rest on the adoption of Rastafarian symbols in the context of Jamaica's democratic institutions, which are characterized by vigorous campaigning, electoral fraud, and gang violence. In recent national elections, such violence claimed the lives of hundreds of people. Significant issues are dealt with in this cultural setting: race differentials among Whites, Browns, and Blacks; the rise of anti-Cubanism; the Rastafarians' response to the use of their symbols; and the current status of Rastafarian ideological legitimacy.