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Rare Earth Element Mineralisation In The Eastern Arunta Region
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Book Synopsis Rare Earth Element Mineralisation in the Eastern Arunta Region by : Kevin J. Hussey
Download or read book Rare Earth Element Mineralisation in the Eastern Arunta Region written by Kevin J. Hussey and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rare Earth Minerals written by A.P. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 30% discount for members of The Mineralogical Society of Britain and Ireland Rare Earth Minerals presents a current overview of this geologically and industrially important group of minerals. It presents a wide variety of formats, crystal structures, petrographic descriptions, analytical data and numerous illustrations from outcrop photos to SEM pictures and crystallographic models.
Book Synopsis Rare Earth Elements by : Gordon Haxel
Download or read book Rare Earth Elements written by Gordon Haxel and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths by : Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths written by Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-20 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths compiles information from scattered sources that is often available only to specialists. It provides a complete and usable survey of the rare earth resources, extraction, and production of numerous end products that translates to both laboratory and industrial settings. This book is a source of industry expertis
Author :Richard Sinding-Larsen Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :904818679X Total Pages :264 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis Non-Renewable Resource Issues by : Richard Sinding-Larsen
Download or read book Non-Renewable Resource Issues written by Richard Sinding-Larsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the solid fuels fossil energy and mineral commodities we use come out of the Earth. Modern society is increasingly dependent on mineral and fossil energy sources. They differ in availability, cost of production, and geographical distribution. Even if solid fuels, fossil energy resources and mineral commodities are non-renewable, the extracted metals can to a large extent be recycled and used again and again. Although the stock of these secondary resources and their use increases, the world still needs and will continue to need primary mineral resources for the foreseeable future. Growing demands have begun to restrict availability of these resources. The Earth is not running out of critical mineral resources – at least for the near future – but the ability to explore and extract these resources is being restricted in many regions by competing land use, as well as political and environmental issues. Extraction of natural resources requires a clear focus on sustainable development, involving economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. Although we do not know what the most important resources will be in 100 years from now, we can be quite certain that society will still need energy and a wide range of raw materials. These resources will include oil and gas, coal, uranium, thorium, geothermal, metallic minerals, industrial and specialty minerals, including cement, raw materials, rare-earth elements. A global approach for assessing the magnitude and future availability of these resources is called for – an approach that, with appropriate international collaboration, was started within the triennium of the International Year of Planet Earth. Some global mineral resource assessments, involving inter-governmental collaboration, have already been initiated. The International Year of Planet Earth helped to focus attention on how the geosciences can generate prosperity locally and globally, as well as sustainability issues in both developed and developing countries.
Book Synopsis Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths by : Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths written by Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Edition Now Covers Recycling, Environmental Issues, and Analytical DeterminationEmploying four decades of experience in the rare metal and rare earths industry, the authors of Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths, Second Edition present the entire subject of rare earth elements with depth and accuracy. This second edition updates the most impor
Book Synopsis The Major Rare-earth-element Deposits of Australia by : Dean M. Hoatson
Download or read book The Major Rare-earth-element Deposits of Australia written by Dean M. Hoatson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report ... reviews the distribution, geological characteristics, resources and potential of Australia's major REE deposits ... This report provides an up-to-date review of such deposits as a stimulus for future reseach into the geological characteristics of REE in Australia. In a mineral systems framework, we examine the elements considered important for the formation of REE deposits and provide suggested exploration guidelines relevant to Australia. Also included is a compilation of recent products and national databases produced by Geoscience Australia that have potential applications in the exploration for REE.' --P. iii.
Book Synopsis Geochemical Studies of Rare Earth Elements in the Portuguese Pyrite Belt, and Geologic and Geochemical Controls on Gold Distribution by : David J. Grimes
Download or read book Geochemical Studies of Rare Earth Elements in the Portuguese Pyrite Belt, and Geologic and Geochemical Controls on Gold Distribution written by David J. Grimes and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geochemical Investigation of Rare Earth Element Mineralisation in the Twyfelskupje Carbonatite, Southern Namibia by : Dominic Browne
Download or read book Geochemical Investigation of Rare Earth Element Mineralisation in the Twyfelskupje Carbonatite, Southern Namibia written by Dominic Browne and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century by : A. Piestrzynski
Download or read book Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century written by A. Piestrzynski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-02 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Joint 6th Biennial SGA-SEG Meeting was held in Krakow in August 2001. This volume contains 274 extended abstracts, grouped thematically under 18 session titles covering topics such as lead-zinc deposits; metamorphism affecting mineral deposits; and the environmental aspects of mining.
Book Synopsis On the Rare Earth Frontier by : Julie Michelle Klinger
Download or read book On the Rare Earth Frontier written by Julie Michelle Klinger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare earth elements are not rare at all. They are essential for the hardware of contemporary life as we know it, every contemporary industrialized society depends on them, and there are no known alternatives. Yet the geography of their production is strange. In 2009, China accounted for 97% percent of global production, with the majority coming from the Bayan Obo mine operated by the state-owned enterprise Baotou Rare Earth Group on the southern Mongolian steppe. When gradually intensifying export quotas combined with a temporary halt of official exports in 2010, the rest of the world woke up to its near total dependence on China's rare earth monopoly. To address this crisis, a Brazilian firm (Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração) determined to capture rare earths from its niobium mine tailings in the state of Minas Gerais. Betting on the willingness of downstream firms to pay a premium for non-Chinese rare earths and subsidizing the effort with revenues from their niobium sales, they resolved to produce a steady output of rare earth oxides regardless of global market fluctuations. In 2012, CBMM successfully produced high-purity rare earth oxides. In 2013, the US, EU, and Japan won a WTO case against China's rare earth export quotas, restoring some semblance of the global status quo. But the story does not end there. Despite the relative ubiquity of rare earth elements, the abundance of known reserves near existing infrastructure networks, and the dissolution of the 2010 crisis, global prospecting efforts--with the aid of national governments and militaries--have targeted São Gabriel da Cachoeira in the high Amazon and the Western Lunar Highlands on the Moon as the next major points on the global rare earth frontier. This dissertation addresses the question: Given that rare earth elements are both abundant and vital, why is their production driven to so few, seemingly remote places? This question immediately begets three others: through what processes did China's Bayan Obo mine emerge as the single greatest source of rare earth elements worldwide? What provoked changes in China's policy and practice, and how did this precipitate spatial transformations elsewhere? And for what purposes are state, military, and private actors pursuing rare earth mining in São Gabriel da Cachoeira and the Moon? This dissertation proposes that the strange geography of the global rare earth frontier can be explained by world-historical shifts in the global division of toxic labor occurring within a context of state-building and geopolitical contest. It thus advances three claims. First, China's monopoly emerged through a convergence of long-term historical processes shaping northern China in the context of early 20th century imperialism, Cold War politics, and the epochal global economic shifts precipitated by Deng Xiaoping's 1978 reforms and the Reagan/Thatcher revolution. Second, the change in China's political economic priorities from export dominance to conservation has been stimulated by the acute environmental and epidemiological harms generated by rare earth production coupled with China's changing position in the global division of labor. Third, the contemporary geography of the global rare earth frontier is driven by more than geological determinism: although these sites are rich in rare earth elements, they are also historically contested regions and focal points for territorial agendas, for which a nationalist mandate for rare earth extraction provides a convenient pretext. These claims are based in a world-historical analysis of rare earth mining, and draw on political economy, political ecology, transnational theory to examine the convergence of Baotou, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, and the Moon in the production of the global rare earth frontier from the late 19th to early 21st century. I engage scientific literatures, archives, expert interviews and other perspectives across the Anglophone, Sinophone, and Lusophone world which were gathered in China, Brazil, and the United States during 2010 - 2014. The multilingual approach is central to this project. Multiple forms of knowledge are evident in the discourses on the rare earth frontier, and there is a symmetrical inaccessibility to the working rationales across language barriers even as these rationales interpenetrate to shape thought and action across global space. By examining the transnational historical production of the rare earth frontier across these sites, this dissertation refutes three dominant, yet persistent assumptions circulating in contemporary popular, policy, and academic discourse. First, that China's rare earth monopoly emerged because it possesses more rare earth elements than any other country; second, that China and Brazil possess mutually unintelligible histories precluding grounded relational analyses, and; third, that the Moon is a space of exception, beyond the purview of global economic activities and likewise, therefore, of critical concern. The purpose of this work is to demystify the contemporary global rare earth frontier. This work therefore has three aims. The first is to equip the reader with a deeper understanding of rare earth elements--the peculiarities of their geology and production, their political economic significance and their role in geopolitics far beyond what is available in the flurry of reports and opinion pieces generated since 2009. The second is to interrogate the historical origins and ongoing ramifications of the recent 'crisis' not as an exceptional circumstance, but as an episode that can be understood as emerging from and indicative of global development politics. The third and broadest aim is to move beyond entrenched global imaginaries that insist on the mutual unintelligibility of 'China' and 'the West, ' or which seek to explain global changes as a series of unidirectional 'impacts' of one place on another, of 'center' on 'periphery, ' (Hart 2002) as exemplified by much recent (but important) work concerned with China and Latin America (Gallagher 2008, García-Herrero 2007, Jenkins 2008, Rodriguez 2006). Although these sites differ in many important ways, each demonstrates a particular set of frontier attributes drawing especially from their respective histories at the margins of major imperial and territorial powers. These similarities help explain their convergence as points of extraction along the contemporary global rare earth frontier, while their differences account for the temporal and technological relationalities among these three sites in the global division of toxic labor.
Book Synopsis Rare Earth Metals and Minerals Industries by : Yellapu V Murty
Download or read book Rare Earth Metals and Minerals Industries written by Yellapu V Murty and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-01-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the current status and future prospects of rare earth elements with respect to a multitude of factors, including resource availability, production, and applications. Among the topics covered are the extraction of raw materials, alloying and compound production, applications, resource conservation through recycling, regulatory issues, and potential new resource streams. The chapters are authored by well-known technical experts in their fields, with decades of research, industrial, and governmental policy experience. The book is expected to serve as the first single source reference on rare earth minerals and metals aimed at students, scientists, technologists, government legislators, regulatory agencies, investors, and business leaders. It provides in-depth examination of the importance of rare earth elements to the global economy and their use in technological innovation, including energy, power, transportation, medicine, electronics, and chemical/petroleum industries.
Book Synopsis The role of rare earths in catalysis by : Karl A. Gschneidner
Download or read book The role of rare earths in catalysis written by Karl A. Gschneidner and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the numerous applications of the rare-earth elements, the field of catalysis accounts for a large number. Catalysis represents approximately 20% of the total market sales of rare earths worldwide. As a matter of fact two main applications have been prominent in the last decades: zeolite stabilization for fluid cracking catalysts, and automotive post-combustion catalytic treatment. The oldest use of rare earths in catalysis deals with the structural and chemical stabilization of the zeolites for petroleum cracking applications. For a long time this has been an area of application for non-separated rare earths. The addition of several percent of rare earths in the pores of the zeolite results in a strong surface acidity, which is essential for an efficient conversion of high-weight molecules into lighter species, like low-octane fuel, even in the very aggressive conditions of the petroleum industry. The popular demand for high-quality air in spite of the traffic congestion in large cities resulted in larger and larger constraints in the emission exhaust from cars. Thus highly efficient catalysts have had to be designed, and due to the combination of its redox properties and very good thermal stability, cerium oxide has been since the beginning, early in the 1980s, a major component of the three-way catalysts (TWC) now used in all modern gasoline cars. The future of rare earths in catalysis is probably bright. The fact that approximately 400 patents are applied for yearly in the area since 1992 is an illustration of a very active area. Usage of rare earths in catalysis is expected to grow due to their highly specific properties. Instead of the physical properties used in electronic applications, one deals now with redox properties, water and thermal stability, coordination numbers and so forth. The rare earths are so specific in these properties that their use can hardly be avoided, not only for the beauty of academic studies but also for the development of industrial applications with immediate influence on everyday life. Careful control of the synthesis conditions and the definition of optimum composition in each case are the keys to the preparation of highly performing compounds for catalytic applications. They must actually be considered as high performance products with functional properties, and not just chemical species. Chapters devoted primarily to catalysis have been published in earlier volumes of the Handbook. In this volume several more are added. The first is an extension of the earlier chapter 43, on interactions at surfaces of metals and alloys, to reactions such as hydrogenation, methanation, ammonia synthesis, saturated hydrocarbon reactions, dehydrogenation of hydrogenated materials, hydrodesulfurization, and carbon monoxide oxidation. The second chapter reports on the wide variety of catalyzed reactions involving metals and alloys in the innovated form of metal overlayers or bimetallic compounds with some transition metals produced from ammonia solutions. This is followed by a chapter on catalysis with mixed oxides usually having perovskite or perovskite-related structures. Then follows a comprehensive discussion on the background and current role of cerium oxide and associated materials for post-treatment of exhaust gases for pollution control. These three-way catalysts (TWC) are designed to render harmless the CO, NOx, and unburned hydrocarbons from internal combustion engines. The next chapter considers the wide field of zeolite catalysts containing rare earths from their historic use in petroleum refining in the 1960s to other petrochemical and fine chemical applications today. The final chapter documents the use of the triflates (the trifluoro-methane-sulfonyl group which is a hard Lewis acid in both aqueous and organic solutions) as versatile catalysts in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Their stability in the presence of water, in spite of their being hard Lewis acids, enhances their growing usefulness.
Book Synopsis Rare Earth Element Deposits by : Frances Wall
Download or read book Rare Earth Element Deposits written by Frances Wall and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis AGSO by : Australian Geological Survey Organisation
Download or read book AGSO written by Australian Geological Survey Organisation and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Minor Metals and Rare Earth Elements in Australian Base Metal Ores by : Lloyd John David
Download or read book Minor Metals and Rare Earth Elements in Australian Base Metal Ores written by Lloyd John David and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geology of the Mineral Deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea by : Francis Everard Hughes
Download or read book Geology of the Mineral Deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea written by Francis Everard Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: