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Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. First Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report covers the first twelve months of the project {open_quotes}Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-Ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames{close_quotes}, that is from September 15, 1992 to September 15, 1993. The objectives of this project can be summarized as follows: (1) obtain the effective radiative properties of pulverized coal/char and soot particles, and (2) determine the concentration distribution of char, fly-ash, and soot particles in coal laden flames as a function of different flame conditions. Research accomplishments in the following areas are described: effective properties of coal and char particles; multilayer sphere model; soot formation model; and soot radiative properties. The experiments are described and plans for future work are outlined.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Report No. VI, December 15, 1993--March 15, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In combustion systems, particulate matter such as soot, ash, char, as well as combustion gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide participate to radiative heat transfer. In general, the radiative properties of particles are much more important than that for combustion gases because particles absorb, emit and scatter radiation continuously in the entire wavelength spectrum. By contrast, combustion gases participate radiatively only in narrow bands centered around discrete wavelengths. The radiative properties required for typical radiative transfer calculations are absorption and scattering coefficients and scattering phase function. These properties are dependent on the partial pressures and chemical composition of combustion gases, material and physical structure, size, and volume fraction distributions of particles, and of course on the wavelength of the incident radiation. The main objective of this project is to estimate the volume fractions of combustion products by observing their scattering and absorption behaviour when subjected to external electromagnetic radiation.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Report No. 5, September 15--December 15, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soot formation model formulated in this study is a simple one and considered mainly to determine the order-of-magnitude variations of soot volume formation distribution in a flame. To this extent the model is considered sufficient. First of all, the soot formation is to be coupled closely with the chemical kinetics models. Recent studies suggest that acetylene formed during the combustion of heavy hydrocarbons play a key role in the formation of PAH molecules and in soot inception. Lindstedt and his coworkers (Fairweather et al., 1992; Leung et al., 1992) used a flamelet model and considered global reactions for soot formation. They derived instantaneous relationships between mixture fraction, density, temperature, and gaseous composition of a combusting mixture. Leung et al. (1991) suggested a four-step soot formation/destruction mechanism, and they connected it to the presence of intermediate pyrolysis products, primarily to acetylene. Two separate competing mechanisms were thought to be responsible from soot mass formation: the formation of incipient particles and the particle surface growth due to adsorption of acetylene molecules.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Technical Progress Report, Second Year, October 1994--December 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In large-scale coal-fired flames, radiative transfer is significant as a large portion of the energy generated during the char pyrolysis and soot oxidation is transferred to the surroundings by radiation (due to emission). The relatively cold gases and particles which are not burning yet are heated by this incoming energy (absorption), which may have originated not only from the immediate surroundings of the control volume of interest but the entire flame. It is obvious that if the emission and absorption of radiation in such a flame are not accounted for correctly, it is not possible to determine other underlying phenomena with accuracy, as the fundamental principle of conservation of energy would be violated. In order to consider the effect of radiation heat transfer in coal-fired furnaces, we have to (1) model the radiative transfer equation to satisfy the conservation of radiant energy principle; (2) use the correct radiative properties of combustion gases and particles; (3) account for the interaction of radiation with the flow and energy equations. The radiative properties for a participating medium of spherical particles can be expressed in terms of the spectral absorption, extinction, and scattering efficiencies and the phase function for a single particle, and can be calculated from the Lorenz-Mie theory. For small size particles, the expressions are based on the Rayleigh limit of Lorenz-Mie theory, and are significantly simpler. The details are readily available in the literature.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Quarterly Reports 1 and 2, September 15, 1992--March 15, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research program is to determine (a) the radiative properties of coal particles, and (b) concentration distribution of char, fly-ash and soot particles in coal laden gaseous flames. During the first six months, we have concentrated on determining the effective optical and radiative properties of coal particles. This information is necessary to separate coal concentration from that of other particles. For this (1) in situ scattering and (2) ex situ spectrometer experiments were completed, and (3) a computer program was developed to model non-homogeneous, irregular shaped coal/char particles as radially inhomogeneous effective spheres. In addition to these studies, the new experimental system has been designed and built to perform the required experiments.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Char, Fly-ash, and Soot Particles in Coal Flames. Technical Progress Report, December 15, 1994--March 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we present a methodology for measuring the elements of the Mueller (Scattering) matrix, which in turn can be used to determine the size of soot monomers and agglomerates in flames. The experimental system to be used is composed of two linear polarizers, two quarter wave plates and a half wave plate along with a light source (Nd:YAG Laser). The preliminary independent parameters in this setup are the polarizer angles?1,?2 and the retarder angles?1,?2 and?3, which can be varied to obtain different condition numbers (CN). If the CN is large, then the Mueller matrix elements determined from experiments would not be reliable. However by using a proper set of? and? values, one can reduce the CN to be less than 10. This concept is discussed for different fractal-like soot agglomerates. It is shown that even if there is ±7.5% error in measured intensities, the recovered S11 and S12 elements are virtually identical to the true values. These S{sub ij} elements can be used in an inverse algorithm to identify the size of soot monomers and agglomerates.
Author : M. Quinn Brewster
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471539827
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Thermal Radiative Transfer and Properties written by M. Quinn Brewster and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1992-04-16 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not only enables readers to include radiation as part of their design and analysis but also appreciate the radiative transfer processes in both nature and engineering systems. Offers two distinguishing features--a whole chapter devoted to the classical dispersion theory which lays a foundation for the discussion of radiative properties presented throughout and a detailed description of particle radiative properties, including real particle size distribution effects. Presents numerous realistic and instructive illustrations and problems involving current topics such as planetary heat transfer, satellite thermal control, atmospheric radiation, radiation in industrial and propulsion combustion systems and more.
Author : Allen Lowe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Measurement and Analysis of Radiative Properties of Fly-ash Particles in Pulverized Coal Furnaces and Their Effect on Heat Transfer written by Allen Lowe and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Radiation Properties of Coal Combustion Products written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An assessment is made of the experimental data and the theoretical bases for determining the absorption and scattering coefficients of the coal products of combustion. Particular attention is devoted to the complex refractive indices for char and ash. A dispersion relation is developed from sparse extinction data that can be used to estimate the optical constants of char. Considerable uncertainty and scatter is found in the literature data on ash optical constants and is attributed to variability in ash composition, lack of experimental rigor and limitations in the data reduction procedures. A correlation is presented for estimating the complex refractive indices of ash as a function of its mineral composition. A parametric study is conducted to elucidate the role of char, soot and ash particulates in determining the radiation properties of coal flames. The effects of combustion particulates are discussed in terms of the modification of the band structure of gas radiation to a luminous spectrum, introduction of scattering in radiation transport, particle size distribution, particle loading and particle composition. The results are interpreted as possible effects of coal beneficiation, coal micronization and flyash composition on heat transfer to the water walls of a coal furnace. 19 refs., 13 figs., 10 tabs.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael F. Modest
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123869900
Total Pages : 905 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Radiative Heat Transfer written by Michael F. Modest and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of Radiative Heat Transfer describes the basic physics of radiation heat transfer. The book provides models, methodologies, and calculations essential in solving research problems in a variety of industries, including solar and nuclear energy, nanotechnology, biomedical, and environmental. Every chapter of Radiative Heat Transfer offers uncluttered nomenclature, numerous worked examples, and a large number of problems—many based on real world situations—making it ideal for classroom use as well as for self-study. The book's 24 chapters cover the four major areas in the field: surface properties; surface transport; properties of participating media; and transfer through participating media. Within each chapter, all analytical methods are developed in substantial detail, and a number of examples show how the developed relations may be applied to practical problems. Extensive solution manual for adopting instructors Most complete text in the field of radiative heat transfer Many worked examples and end-of-chapter problems Large number of computer codes (in Fortran and C++), ranging from basic problem solving aids to sophisticated research tools Covers experimental methods
Author : L Zheng
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857090984
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Oxy-Fuel Combustion for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture written by L Zheng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxy-fuel combustion is currently considered to be one of the major technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants. The advantages of using oxygen (O2) instead of air for combustion include a CO2-enriched flue gas that is ready for sequestration following purification and low NOx emissions. This simple and elegant technology has attracted considerable attention since the late 1990s, rapidly developing from pilot-scale testing to industrial demonstration. Challenges remain, as O2 supply and CO2 capture create significant energy penalties that must be reduced through overall system optimisation and the development of new processes.Oxy-fuel combustion for power generation and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture comprehensively reviews the fundamental principles and development of oxy-fuel combustion in fossil-fuel fired utility boilers. Following a foreword by Professor János M. Beér, the book opens with an overview of oxy-fuel combustion technology and its role in a carbon-constrained environment. Part one introduces oxy-fuel combustion further, with a chapter comparing the economics of oxy-fuel vs. post-/pre-combustion CO2 capture, followed by chapters on plant operation, industrial scale demonstrations, and circulating fluidized bed combustion. Part two critically reviews oxy-fuel combustion fundamentals, such as ignition and flame stability, burner design, emissions and heat transfer characteristics, concluding with chapters on O2 production and CO2 compression and purification technologies. Finally, part three explores advanced concepts and developments, such as near-zero flue gas recycle and high-pressure systems, as well as chemical looping combustion and utilisation of gaseous fuel.With its distinguished editor and internationally renowned contributors, Oxy-fuel combustion for power generation and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture provides a rich resource for power plant designers, operators, and engineers, as well as academics and researchers in the field. Comprehensively reviews the fundamental principles and development of oxy-fuel combustion in fossil-fuel fired utility boilers Provides an overview of oxy-fuel combustion technology and its role in a carbon-constrained environment Introduces oxy-fuel combustion comparing the economics of oxy-fuel vs. post-/pre-combustion CO2 capture
Author : L.Douglas Smoot
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475797214
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Coal Combustion and Gasification written by L.Douglas Smoot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of coal is required to help satisfy the world's energy needs. Yet coal is a difficult fossil fuel to consume efficiently and cleanly. We believe that its clean and efficient use can be increased through improved technology based on a thorough understanding of fundamental physical and chemical processes that occur during consumption. The principal objective of this book is to provide a current summary of this technology. The past technology for describing and analyzing coal furnaces and combus tors has relied largely on empirical inputs for the complex flow and chemical reactions that occur while more formally treating the heat-transfer effects. GrOWing concern over control of combustion-generated air pollutants revealed a lack of understanding of the relevant fundamental physical and chemical mechanisms. Recent technical advances in computer speed and storage capacity, and in numerical prediction of recirculating turbulent flows, two-phase flows, and flows with chemical reaction have opened new opportunities for describing and modeling such complex combustion systems in greater detail. We believe that most of the requisite component models to permit a more fundamental description of coal combustion processes are available. At the same time there is worldwide interest in the use of coal, and progress in modeling of coal reaction processes has been steady.
Author : Raj P. Chhabra
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 149871529X
Total Pages : 1649 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering written by Raj P. Chhabra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 1649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering, Second Edition, is a fully updated version of this respected reference work, with chapters written by leading experts. Its first part covers basic concepts, equations and principles of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics. Following that is detailed coverage of major application areas, such as bioengineering, energy-efficient building systems, traditional and renewable energy sources, food processing, and aerospace heat transfer topics. The latest numerical and computational tools, microscale and nanoscale engineering, and new complex-structured materials are also presented. Designed for easy reference, this new edition is a must-have volume for engineers and researchers around the globe.
Author : Robert Siegel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560328391
Total Pages : 898 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (283 download)
Download or read book Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Fourth Edition written by Robert Siegel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-12-07 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively revised 4th edition provides an up-to-date, comprehensive single source of information on the important subjects in engineering radiative heat transfer. It presents the subject in a progressive manner that is excellent for classroom use or self-study, and also provides an annotated reference to literature and research in the field. The foundations and methods for treating radiative heat transfer are developed in detail, and the methods are demonstrated and clarified by solving example problems. The examples are especially helpful for self-study. The treatment of spectral band properties of gases has been made current and the methods are described in detail and illustrated with examples. The combination of radiation with conduction and/or convection has been given more emphasis nad has been merged with results for radiation alone that serve as a limiting case; this increases practicality for energy transfer in translucent solids and fluids. A comprehensive catalog of configuration factors on the CD that is included with each book provides over 290 factors in algebraic or graphical form. Homework problems with answers are given in each chapter, and a detailed and carefully worked solution manual is available for instructors.
Author : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting
Publisher : American Society of Civil Engineers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book General Papers in Heat Transfer and Heat Transfer in Hazardous Waste Processing written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting and published by American Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 1992 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
