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Radiation And Convection Heat Transfer In Wildland Fire Environments
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Book Synopsis Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer in Wildland Fire Environments by : David J. Frankman
Download or read book Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer in Wildland Fire Environments written by David J. Frankman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of water vapor on the transmission of thermal radiation from the flame to the fuel was investigated. The Spectral Line Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases approach was adopted for treating the spectral nature of the radiation. The study reveals that water vapor has only a moderate effect even at 100 percent humidity.
Book Synopsis Heat-Its Role in Wildland Fire by : Clive M. Countryman
Download or read book Heat-Its Role in Wildland Fire written by Clive M. Countryman and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the intricate relationship between heat and wildfires with this informative book by Clive M. Countryman. Written in the 1970s, this work delves into the science behind wildfires, the role of heat in their propagation, and the broader environmental implications. It's a must-read for those interested in environmental science, chemistry, and the challenges of managing wildfires.
Download or read book Heat written by Clive M. Countryman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heat: Radiation and wildland fire by : Clive M. Countryman
Download or read book Heat: Radiation and wildland fire written by Clive M. Countryman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fuel Particle Heat Exchange During Wildland Fire Spread by : Jack David Cohen
Download or read book Fuel Particle Heat Exchange During Wildland Fire Spread written by Jack David Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wildland fire spreads when thermal energy heats up nearby fuel particles leading to their ignition. This heat transfer can only involve convection and radiation heat transfer. It is commonly assumed that radiation heat transfer is the dominant mechanism; that is, fire spread is primarily governed by radiation heat transfer. The purpose of this study was to quantity the contributions of convection and radiation prior to ignition and to test the assumption that radiation heat transfer is the dominant mechanism. The study used (a) mathematical modeling and (b) experimental methods. The mathematical model involved a two-dimensional, transient, finite-difference solution to the conduction heat equation using standard heat transfer equations. The mathematical model was not tuned to match the experimental data because the purpose of the model was to represent the physical processes. One set of experiments controlled fuel particle exposures to a radiant panel and another set of experiments had particles exposed to flame fronts during spreading fire. During the controlled experiments, irradiances were between 29.8 kW/m2 and 36.4 kW/m2. Fuel particles were cooled by free convection in some experiments and forced convection in others. All experimental fuel particles were fabricated from yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and square in cross section. Particle sizes were 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mm for the controlled experiments and 1 and 12 mm for the fire spread experiments. The temperatures versus time plots predicted by the numerical model closely matched the shapes of the measured temperature profiles. Thus the mathematical model accurately captured the physics. Both experimental and numerical results from the controlled experiments showed that radiation heat transfer was not sufficient to ignite the 1 mm particle due to convective cooling. Experimental and numerical results from the fire spread experiments showed that convection (not radiation) was the dominant mechanism responsible for heating 1 mm particles to ignition for conditions relevant to wildland fires. These results indicate the need to consider both convective and radiative heat transfer at fuel particle scales in physical wildland fire spread models.
Book Synopsis Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters by : Guowen Song
Download or read book Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters written by Guowen Song and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters explores the materials, design, and usage of thermal protective clothing. The characteristics of fire hazards are discussed in detail, and the thermal environments faced by firefighters in these fire hazards are also examined. The different types of potential burn injuries and the heat stress that occurs to firefighters’ bodies when exposed to such thermal environments are analyzed. Furthermore, the development of various high performance fibers and fabrics for thermal protective clothing is discussed. The test methods and existing standards to evaluate the thermal protective and physiological comfort performances of the fabrics and clothing are critically reviewed. Recent developments in the field of fire- and heat-resistant materials have led to significant improvements in thermal protective clothing. In parallel with this, the complexity and risk levels of fires, especially in industrial-storage facilities, and developments in health and safety cultures have increased the demand for high-performance heat- and flame-resistant clothing and equipment, designed to mitigate skin burn injuries and reduce risk of death from fire hazards. Throughout the work, the gaps and limitations in existing test methods and standards are identified, and approaches are recommended for the development of enhanced test methods. Scenario modeling and its implications for firefighters’ protective clothing is discussed, and various factors affecting performance are established. Finally, various key issues related to thermal protective clothing are addressed to guide the future research in the field of thermal protective clothing for firefighters. This book will help materials-textile engineers to develop high performance thermal protective clothing that can enhance the protection, safety, and comfort of firefighters. Offers a helpful guide to the successful specification and design of high performance protective clothing to meet the high standards of today's regulatory framework Introduces the new materials technical innovations that are transforming fire protective clothing Explores the role of clothing from the operational perspective, including technical innovations Offers a critical review of the test methods and existing standards to evaluate the thermal protective and physiological comfort performances of the fabrics and clothing
Book Synopsis Heat: Heat conduction and wildland fire by : Clive M. Countryman
Download or read book Heat: Heat conduction and wildland fire written by Clive M. Countryman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wildland Fire Behaviour by : Mark A. Finney
Download or read book Wildland Fire Behaviour written by Mark A. Finney and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires have an irreplaceable role in sustaining many of our forests, shrublands and grasslands. They can be used as controlled burns or occur as free-burning wildfires, and can sometimes be dangerous and destructive to fauna, human communities and natural resources. Through scientific understanding of their behaviour, we can develop the tools to reliably use and manage fires across landscapes in ways that are compatible with the constraints of modern society while benefiting the ecosystems. The science of wildland fire is incomplete, however. Even the simplest fire behaviours – how fast they spread, how long they burn and how large they get – arise from a dynamical system of physical processes interacting in unexplored ways with heterogeneous biological, ecological and meteorological factors across many scales of time and space. The physics of heat transfer, combustion and ignition, for example, operate in all fires at millimetre and millisecond scales but wildfires can become conflagrations that burn for months and exceed millions of hectares. Wildland Fire Behaviour: Dynamics, Principles and Processes examines what is known and unknown about wildfire behaviours. The authors introduce fire as a dynamical system along with traditional steady-state concepts. They then break down the system into its primary physical components, describe how they depend upon environmental factors, and explore system dynamics by constructing and exercising a nonlinear model. The limits of modelling and knowledge are discussed throughout but emphasised by review of large fire behaviours. Advancing knowledge of fire behaviours will require a multidisciplinary approach and rely on quality measurements from experimental research, as covered in the final chapters.
Book Synopsis Heat: Radiation by : Clive M. Countryman
Download or read book Heat: Radiation written by Clive M. Countryman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Fires written by Edward A. Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even before the myth of Prometheus, fire played a crucial ecological role around the world. Numerous plant communities depend on fire to generate species diversity in both time and space. Without fire such ecosystems would become sterile monocultures. Recent efforts to prohibit fire in fire dependent communities have contributed to more intense and more damaging fires. For these reasons, foresters, ecologists, land managers, geographers, and environmental scientists are interested in the behavior and ecological effects of fires. This book will be the first to focus on the chemistry and physics of fire as it relates to the ways in which fire behaves and the impacts it has on ecosystem function. Leading international contributors have been recruited by the editors to prepare a didactic text/reference that will appeal to both advanced students and practicing professionals.
Book Synopsis Wildland Fire Dynamics by : Kevin Speer
Download or read book Wildland Fire Dynamics written by Kevin Speer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires are among the most complicated environmental phenomena to model. Fire behavior models are commonly used to predict the direction and rate of spread of wildland fires based on fire history, fuel, and environmental conditions; however, more sophisticated computational fluid dynamic models are now being developed. This quantitative analysis of fire as a fluid dynamic phenomenon embedded in a highly turbulent flow is beginning to reveal the combined interactions of the vegetative structure, combustion-driven convective effects, and atmospheric boundary layer processes. This book provides an overview of the developments in modeling wildland fire dynamics and the key dynamical processes involved. Mathematical and dynamical principles are presented, and the complex phenomena that arise in wildland fire are discussed. Providing a state-of-the-art survey, it is a useful reference for scientists, researchers, and graduate students interested in wildland fire behavior from a broad range of fields.
Book Synopsis University Physics by : Samuel J. Ling
Download or read book University Physics written by Samuel J. Ling and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: University Physics is designed for the two- or three-semester calculus-based physics course. The text has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most university physics courses and provides a foundation for a career in mathematics, science, or engineering. The book provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of physics and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and to the world around them. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. Coverage and Scope Our University Physics textbook adheres to the scope and sequence of most two- and three-semester physics courses nationwide. We have worked to make physics interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from fundamental to more advanced concepts, building upon what students have already learned and emphasizing connections between topics and between theory and applications. The goal of each section is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but to work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses and future careers. The organization and pedagogical features were developed and vetted with feedback from science educators dedicated to the project. VOLUME II Unit 1: Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Temperature and Heat Chapter 2: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 3: The First Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 4: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Unit 2: Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5: Electric Charges and Fields Chapter 6: Gauss's Law Chapter 7: Electric Potential Chapter 8: Capacitance Chapter 9: Current and Resistance Chapter 10: Direct-Current Circuits Chapter 11: Magnetic Forces and Fields Chapter 12: Sources of Magnetic Fields Chapter 13: Electromagnetic Induction Chapter 14: Inductance Chapter 15: Alternating-Current Circuits Chapter 16: Electromagnetic Waves
Book Synopsis Ecology of Fire-Dependent Ecosystems by : Devan Allen McGranahan
Download or read book Ecology of Fire-Dependent Ecosystems written by Devan Allen McGranahan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecology of Fire-Dependent Ecosystems is brimming with intriguing ecological stories of how life has evolved with and diversified within the varied fire regimes that are experienced on earth. Moreover, the book places itself as a communication between students, fire scientists, and fire fighters, and each of these groups will find some familiar ground, and some challenging aspects in this text: something which ultimately will help to bring us closer together and enrich our different approaches to understanding and managing our changing planet. -- Sally Archibald, Professor, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Most textbooks are as dry as kindling and about as much fun to sink your teeth into. This is not that kind of textbook. Devan Allen McGranahan and Carissa L. Wonkka have taken a complex topic and somehow managed to synthesize it into a comprehensive, yet digestible form. This is a book you can read cover to cover – I know, I did it. As a result, I took an enlightening journey through the history and fundamentals of fire and its role in the natural and human world, ending with a thoughtful review of the evolving relationship between humans and wildland fire. -- Chris Helzer, Nebraska Director of Science, The Nature Conservancy, and author of The Prairie Ecologist blog Ecology of Fire-Dependent Ecosystems: Wildland Fire Science, Policy, and Management is intended for use in upper-level courses in fire ecology and wildland fire management and as a reference for researchers, managers, and other professionals involved with wildland fire science, practice, and policy. The book helps guide students and scientists to design and conduct robust wildland fire research projects and critically interpret and apply fire science in any management, education, or policy situation. It emphasizes variability in wildland fire as an ecological regime and provides tools for students, researchers, and managers to assess and connect fire environment and fire behaviour to fire effects. Fire has not only shaped social and ecological communities but pushed ecosystems beyond previous boundaries, yet understanding the nature and effects of fire as an ecological disturbance has been slow, hampered by the complexity of the dynamic interactions between vegetation and climate and the fear of the destruction fire can bring. This book will help those who study, manage, and use wildland fire to develop new answers and novel solutions, based on an understanding of how fire functions in natural and social environments. It reviews literature, synthesizes concepts, and identifies research gaps and policy needs. The text also explores the interaction of fire and human culture, demonstrating how fire policy can be made adaptable to cultural and socio-ecological objectives.
Book Synopsis Thermal Radiation Transport Effects Upon a Fuel-fire Heat-rate Balance in a Wildland Environment by : David Geoffrey Tennant Curran
Download or read book Thermal Radiation Transport Effects Upon a Fuel-fire Heat-rate Balance in a Wildland Environment written by David Geoffrey Tennant Curran and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heat and Mass Transfer in Fires by : James G. Quintiere
Download or read book Heat and Mass Transfer in Fires written by James G. Quintiere and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heat Transfer and Fire Spread by : Hal E. Anderson
Download or read book Heat Transfer and Fire Spread written by Hal E. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental testing of a mathematical model showed that radiant heat transfer accounted for no more than 40% of total heat flux required to maintain rate of spread. A reasonable prediction of spread was possible by assuming a horizontal convective heat transfer coefficient when certain fuel and flame characteristics were known. Fuel particle size had a linear relation to residence time of the flame while fuel bed porosity influenced burning rate. Burning regimes of liquid pool fires (turbulent, transitional, and laminar) appeared to also apply to moving fires in solid fuels.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set by : Harindra Joseph Fernando
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set written by Harindra Joseph Fernando and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, this two-volume handbook presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the field, along with critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering aspects. The first volume provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, and the second volume explores the interactions between engineered structures and natural flows.
