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Quantum Enhancement Of A 4 Km Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Detector
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Book Synopsis Quantum Enhancement of a 4 km Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Detector by : Sheon S. Y. Chua
Download or read book Quantum Enhancement of a 4 km Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Detector written by Sheon S. Y. Chua and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-09 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work in this thesis was a part of the experiment of squeezed light injection into the LIGO interferometer. The work first discusses the detailed design of the squeezed light source which would be used for the experiment. The specific design is the doubly-resonant, traveling-wave bow-tie cavity squeezed light source with a new modified coherent sideband locking technique. The thesis describes the properties affecting the squeezing magnitudes and offers solutions which improve the gain. The first part also includes the detailed modeling of the back-scattering noise of a traveling Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO). In the second part, the thesis discusses the LIGO Squeezed Light Injection Experiment, undertaken to test squeezed light injection into a 4km interferometric gravitational wave detector. The results show the first ever measurement of squeezing enhancement in a full-scale suspended gravitational wave interferometer with Fabry-Perot arms. Further, it showed that the presence of a squeezed-light source added no additional noise in the low frequency band. The result was the best sensitivity achieved by any gravitational wave detector. The thesis is very well organized with the adequate theoretical background including basics of Quantum Optics, Quantum noise pertaining to gravitational wave detectors in various configurations, along with extensive referencing necessary for the experimental set-up. For any non-experimental scientist, this introduction is a very useful and enjoyable reading. The author is the winner of the 2013 GWIC Theses Prize.
Book Synopsis Quantum Enhancement of a 4km Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Detector by : Sheon Shang Yaw Chua
Download or read book Quantum Enhancement of a 4km Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Detector written by Sheon Shang Yaw Chua and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to directly detect gravitational waves will open a completely new branch of astronomy to view the Universe, one that is inaccessible to electromagnetic-based astronomy. First generation ground-based interferometric gravitational-wave detectors have achieved strain sensitivities of order one part in ten to the twenty-one, at 100 Hz detection frequency. A new generation of detectors are under construction, designed to improve on the sensitivity of the first-generation detectors by a factor of 10. The quantum nature of light will broadly limit the sensitivity of these new instruments. This quantum noise will originate from the quantum vacuum fluctuations that enter the unused port of the interferometer. One of the most promising options for reducing the quantum noise impact and further increasing the sensitivity is applying quantum squeezed vacuum states. These squeezed states have lower noise in one quadrature than the vacuum state. By replacing the quantum vacuum fluctuations entering the interferometer with squeezed vacuum states, the quantum noise impact is reduced. This thesis firstly details the development of a squeezed light source that produces squeezed states applicable for enhancing interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. A doubly-resonant, travelling-wave bow-tie cavity squeezed light source is presented. For the first time, greater than 10 dB of quantum noise suppression across the gravitational-wave detection band is directly observed, and 11.6 dB of quantum noise suppression is observed above 200 Hz. This squeezing cavity design also has benefits with intrinsic isolation to backscattered light. Experiments that quantify this isolation are reported. The properties affecting squeezing magnitude and low-frequency squeezing measurement are discussed. In addition, a modified squeezing-ellipse-phase control technique for squeezed vacuum states is presented. This thesis secondly presents results from the LIGO Squeezed Light Injection Experiment, undertaken to test squeezed light injection into a 4 km interferometric gravitational-wave detector. The results of the experiment show the first measurement of squeezing-enhancement in a 4 km gravitational-wave detector, with 2.15 dB measured above 250 Hz. This represents the best sensitivity to gravitational waves yet achieved at these frequencies by any single gravitational-wave detector to date. An unknown area was whether the addition of a squeezer would introduce noise couplings that degrade the crucial low frequency sensitivity. The results demonstrate that injected squeezed states are compatible with low frequency gravitational-wave measurement. The characterisation of squeezing-injection optical losses and fluctuations of the squeezing angle are also reported. The knowledge and processes gained, from both the squeezed light source development work and the LIGO Squeezed Light Injection Experiment, will inform the design, planning and implementation of squeezed states in future gravitational-wave detectors.
Book Synopsis Development of Techniques for Quantum-enhanced Laser-interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors by : Keisuke Goda
Download or read book Development of Techniques for Quantum-enhanced Laser-interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors written by Keisuke Goda and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed theoretical and experimental study of techniques necessary for quantum-enhanced laser- interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors was carried out. The basic theory of GWs and laser-interferometric GW detectors, quantum noise in GW detectors, the theory of squeezed states including generation, degradation, detection, and control of squeezed states using sub-threshold optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and homodyne detectors, experimental characterization of these techniques (using periodically poled KTiOPO4 in an OPO at 1064 nm for the first time), key requirements for quantum-enhanced GW detectors, and the propagation of a squeezed state in a complex interferometer and its interaction with the interferometer field were studied. Finally, the experimental demonstration of quantum-enhancement in a prototype GW detector was performed. By injecting a squeezed vacuum field of 9.3 dB (inferred) or 7.4 ± 0.1 dB (measured) at frequencies above 3 kHz and a cutoff frequency for squeezing at 700 Hz into the antisymmetric port of the prototype GW detector in a signal-recycled Michelson interferometer configuration, the shot noise floor of the detector was reduced broadband from 7.0 x 10-7 m/viH- to 5.0 x 10-17 m/V/H while the strength of a simulated GW signal was retained, resulting in a 40% increase in signal-to-noise ratio or detector sensitivity, which is equivalent to a factor of 1.43 = 2.7 increase in GW detection rate for isotropically distributed GW sources that are confined to the frequency band in which squeezing was effective. This is the first implementation of quantum-enhancement in a prototype GW detector with suspended optics and readout and control schemes similar to those used in LIGO and Advanced LIGO. It is, therefore, a critical step toward implementation of quantum-enhancement in long baseline GW detectors.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy by : Cosimo Bambi
Download or read book Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-02 with total page 1895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides an updated comprehensive description of gravitational wave astronomy. In the first part, it reviews gravitational wave experiments, from ground and space based laser interferometers to pulsar timing arrays and indirect detection from the cosmic microwave background. In the second part, it discusses a number of astrophysical and cosmological gravitational wave sources, including black holes, neutron stars, possible more exotic objects, and sources in the early Universe. The third part of the book reviews the methods to calculate gravitational waveforms. The fourth and last part of the book covers techniques employed in gravitational wave astronomy data analysis. This book represents both a valuable resource for graduate students and an important reference for researchers in gravitational wave astronomy.
Book Synopsis Optical Cavities for Optical Atomic Clocks, Atom Interferometry and Gravitational-Wave Detection by : Miguel Dovale Álvarez
Download or read book Optical Cavities for Optical Atomic Clocks, Atom Interferometry and Gravitational-Wave Detection written by Miguel Dovale Álvarez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Devised at the beginning of the 20th century by french physicists Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, the Fabry-Perot optical cavity is perhaps the most deceptively simple setup in optics, and today a key resource in many areas of science and technology. This thesis delves deeply into the applications of optical cavities in a variety of contexts: from LIGO’s 4-km-long interferometer arms that are allowing us to observe the universe in a new way by measuring gravitational waves, to the atomic clocks used to realise time with unprecedented accuracy which will soon lead to a redefinition of the second, and the matterwave interferometers that are enabling us to test and measure gravity in a new scale. The work presented accounts for the elegance and versatility of this setup, which today underpins much of the progress in the frontier of atomic and gravitational experimental physics.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors (Second Edition) by : Peter R Saulson
Download or read book Fundamentals Of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors (Second Edition) written by Peter R Saulson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The content of the Saulson’s book remains valid and offers a versatile introduction to gravitational wave astronomy. The book is appropriate for undergraduate students and can be read by graduate students and researchers who want to be involved in either the theoretical or the experimental traits of the study of gravitational waves.'Contemporary PhysicsLIGO's recent discovery of gravitational waves was headline news around the world. Many people will want to understand more about what a gravitational wave is, how LIGO works, and how LIGO functions as a detector of gravitational waves.This book aims to communicate the basic logic of interferometric gravitational wave detectors to students who are new to the field. It assumes that the reader has a basic knowledge of physics, but no special familiarity with gravitational waves, with general relativity, or with the special techniques of experimental physics. All of the necessary ideas are developed in the book.The first edition was published in 1994. Since the book is aimed at explaining the physical ideas behind the design of LIGO, it stands the test of time. For the second edition, an Epilogue has been added; it brings the treatment of technical details up to date, and provides references that would allow a student to become proficient with today's designs.
Book Synopsis Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors by : D. G. Blair
Download or read book Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors written by D. G. Blair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the technology and reviews the experimental issues; a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and astrophysics.
Book Synopsis On the Enhancement of Future Gravitational Wave Laser Interferometers and the Prospects of Probing Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics by : Henning Rehbein
Download or read book On the Enhancement of Future Gravitational Wave Laser Interferometers and the Prospects of Probing Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics written by Henning Rehbein and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics by : Pierre-Francois Cohadon
Download or read book Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics written by Pierre-Francois Cohadon and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Les Houches Summer School in August 2015 covered the emerging fields of cavity optomechanics and quantum nanomechanics. Optomechanics is flourishing and its concepts and techniques are now applied to a wide range of topics. Modern quantum optomechanics was born in the late 1970s in the framework of gravitational wave interferometry, with an initial focus on the quantum limits of displacement measurements. Carlton Caves, Vladimir Braginsky, and others realized that the sensitivity of the anticipated large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers (GWI) was fundamentally limited by the quantum fluctuations of the measurement laser beam. After tremendous experimental progress, the sensitivity of the upcoming next generation of GWI will effectively be limited by quantum noise. In this way, quantum-optomechanical effects will directly affect the operation of what is arguably the world's most impressive precision experiment. However, optomechanics has also gained a life of its own with a focus on the quantum aspects of moving mirrors. Laser light can be used to cool mechanical resonators well below the temperature of its environment. After proof-of-principle demonstrations of this cooling in 2006, a number of systems were used as the field gradually merged with its condensed matter cousin (nanomechanical systems) to try to reach the mechanical quantum ground state, eventually demonstrated in 2010 by pure cryogenic techniques and just one year later by a combination of cryogenic and radiation-pressure cooling. The book covers all aspects -- historical, theoretical, experimental -- of the field, with its applications to quantum measurement, foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information. It is an essential read for any new researcher in the field.
Book Synopsis Quantum Limited Measurements in Gravitational Wave Detectors by : Andrew Wade
Download or read book Quantum Limited Measurements in Gravitational Wave Detectors written by Andrew Wade and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational waves manifest as a time varying straining of space: they arise from the accelerating motions of large bodies of mass and propagate across the universe at the speed of light as ripples in the fabric of space-time, a fleetingly weak effect so far eluding direct detection. The detection of gravitation waves is expected to yield a rich vein to observational astronomy, complementing existing electromagnetic surveys and revealing a hitherto unexplored range of phenomena. First generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors, notably Enhanced LIGO, achieved strain sensitivities of one part in ten to power twenty-one per square-root-Hertz at 100 Hz with an expected detection rate of 2-3 events per year. Commissioning of a new generation of Advanced LIGO interferometric detectors has concluded recently with a resultant ten-fold sensitivity improvement. Overall their potential event detection space has increased by a factor of 1000. The quantum nature of light within these detectors now limits their sensitivity over most of their frequency range. This quantum noise limit is driven by the vacuum quadrature fluctuations propagated through their open detection ports and represents a fundamental noise floor to their strain sensitivity. This thesis addresses two distinct approaches to quantum noise improvement for future upgrades to advanced detectors. The first addresses the issue of quantum noise by adopting a quantum non-demolition approach to detector readout variables, the so-called 'speed-meter' design. Such a modified instrument samples test mass momentum, a quantity for which time separated measurements commute and are therefore not bound by Heisenberg-like limits. A novel polarisation-folded sloshing cavity type speed-meter is proposed where readout fields are stored and delayed in the orthogonal polarisation of the interferometer's arms cavities. Here frequency dependence is selected to cancel position like measurements so that only test mass momentum information remains. A quantum noise propagation model is developed and a sensitivity performance is demonstrated that beats the standard quantum limit below 100 Hz over a broad range of frequencies. A second approach to achieve quantum noise enhancement in advanced detectors involves injection of quadrature-squeezed states in the place of vacuum. This dissertation details the development of a prototype squeezed vacuum source suitable to the demanding enhancement requirements for an Advanced LIGO squeezing installation. The construction of a doubly resonant, bow-tie cavity source is presented. This employs a novel monolithic all-glass cavity construction and is vacuum compatible. This design demonstrates the viability of building a cavity using optical contacting as a construction technique for attaching mounting prisms to highly polished fused-silica breadboards. Such a design can be expected to have excellent length noise stability, provide low intrinsic phase noise and would be suitable to mount on seismic isolation stages within the LIGO vacuum envelope. Further, the travelling wave cavity design should provide excellent 50 dB intrinsic backscatter isolation. We demonstrate the first operation of such a complex non-linear device under vacuum, producing 8.6 dB of measured vacuum squeezing down to 10 Hz across the advanced LIGO 'audio-band' detection range.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Condensed Matter by : Yujun Song
Download or read book Characterization of Condensed Matter written by Yujun Song and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive book that includes essential techniques with their fundamental, instrumentation and application in structural and composition characterization of condensed matter.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Optical Sensors by : Jose Luis Santos
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Sensors written by Jose Luis Santos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Optical Sensors provides a comprehensive and integrated view of optical sensors, addressing the fundamentals, structures, technologies, applications, and future perspectives. Featuring chapters authored by recognized experts and major contributors to the field, this essential reference: Explains the basic aspects of optical sensors and
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309499542 Total Pages :315 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Manipulating Quantum Systems by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Manipulating Quantum Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-09-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science.
Book Synopsis The Detection of Gravitational Waves by : David G. Blair
Download or read book The Detection of Gravitational Waves written by David G. Blair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concepts of gravitational waves within the context of general relativity. The sources of gravitational radiation for which there is direct observational evidence and those of a more speculative nature are described. He then gives a general introduction to the methods of detection. In the subsequent chapters he has drawn together the leading scientists in the field to give a comprehensive practical and theoretical account of the physics and technology of gravitational wave detection.
Book Synopsis Gravitational Wave Experiments - Proceedings Of The First Edoardo Amaldi Conference by : Eugenio Coccia
Download or read book Gravitational Wave Experiments - Proceedings Of The First Edoardo Amaldi Conference written by Eugenio Coccia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-07-26 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational waves were predicted by Einstein over 75 years ago. Their detection is one of the great challenges of contemporary experimental physics. This Conference intended to honour Edoardo Amaldi for his role in this research and brought together scientists engaged all over the world in gravitational wave experiments with resonant mass, interferometers and space detectors. The book gives a broad view of the detectors presently in operation and of the new generation of interferometric and resonant mass detectors now being built or under design. The book also contains lectures on neutrino telescopes and γ ray bursts observations, underlying the role of coincidence experiments among different detectors in opening new windows on the Universe.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Optics With Structured Light by : Zhi-Han Zhu
Download or read book Nonlinear Optics With Structured Light written by Zhi-Han Zhu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-04 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particle Physics at the Year of 250th Anniversary of Moscow University by : A. I. Studenikin
Download or read book Particle Physics at the Year of 250th Anniversary of Moscow University written by A. I. Studenikin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session.
