Quantitative Evaluation of Behavior of Marine Mammals: Behavioral Response to Acoustic Disturbance

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Evaluation of Behavior of Marine Mammals: Behavioral Response to Acoustic Disturbance by :

Download or read book Quantitative Evaluation of Behavior of Marine Mammals: Behavioral Response to Acoustic Disturbance written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The student, Amy Samuels, is being supported to develop systematic observational protocols and quantitative methods for analyzing the behavior of cetaceans in order to provide quantitative baseline profiles of "normal" behavior and to identify reliable indicators of disturbance response. Research dedicated to identifying predictable patterns of normal behavior is essential for the design of robust disturbance experiments. During 1993-94, Samuels participated in 2 research cruises that were dedicated to study behavioral responses of sperm whales to disturbance in the form of acoustic playback. Samuels was responsible for developing an observational protocol to document systematically the non-vocal behavior of whales during undisturbed baseline conditions and during experimental sound playback conditions. Samuels' protocol represents the first use of quantitative behavioral sampling techniques in sperm whale research. A focal-animal sampling scheme was developed to focus on details of behavior of a whale targeted for playback (identifiable by tag or by distinctive physical features). A scan sampling scheme was developed to document more broadly the behavior of other whales in the vicinity. Behavioral parameters include at-surface duration, dive time, group size and cohesion, direction of travel, speed of travel, and details of behavior while at the surface. The protocol includes supplementation of visual observations by regularly-scheduled video samples of the focal whale's behavior; procedures for analysis of baseline vs. playback video clips are being devised.

Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309094496
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise by : National Research Council

Download or read book Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-02-24 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention has been drawn to the subject of how ocean noise affects marine mammals by a series of marine mammal strandings, lawsuits, and legislative hearings, and most recently, the report from the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. One way to assess the impact of ocean noise is to consider whether it causes changes in animal behavior that are "biologically significant," that is, those that affect an animal's ability to grow, survive, and reproduce. This report offers a conceptual model designed to clarify which marine mammal behaviors are biologically significant for conservation purposes. The report is intended to help scientists and policymakers interpret provisions of the federal Marine Mammal Protection Act.

Development and Evaluation of an Animal-borne Active Acoustic Tag to Conduct Minimally Invasive Behavioral Response Studies on Marine Mammals

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of an Animal-borne Active Acoustic Tag to Conduct Minimally Invasive Behavioral Response Studies on Marine Mammals by : Selene Fregosi

Download or read book Development and Evaluation of an Animal-borne Active Acoustic Tag to Conduct Minimally Invasive Behavioral Response Studies on Marine Mammals written by Selene Fregosi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of new research tools is needed to better understand the potential effects of a noisier ocean on individual and populations of marine mammals. Current behavioral response studies utilize ship-mounted sound sources to induce short-term noise-related behavioral responses in tagged animals. Combining the tag with the sound source into an animal-mounted active acoustic and motion sensing tag could potentially allow for long-term, more controlled and cost-effective behavioral response studies. Field tests were conducted on juvenile northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris, using both natural and anthropogenic stimuli, to evaluate the potential of such a prototype tag. Results showed that such an instrument does elicit behavioral responses in tagged individuals. Responses during the ascending phase of a dive consisted of a dive inversion, with the animal diving as deep as or deeper than its original dive depth (seven of nine exposures). Change in dive depth following exposure was significantly larger than change in depth for non-exposure inversions. A single exposure at the bottom phase of a deep dive followed the same pattern. Dive inversions were observed following white noise, sperm whale clicks, killer whale whistles, and sonar exposures, but not following common dolphin whistles. Responses to exposures received during the descending phase of a dive resulted in an increased descent rate in nine of ten exposures. All eight exposures during shallow dives, where the animals were likely limited by bathymetry from diving any deeper, were characterize by increased flow noise following exposure, an indicator of increased swim speed. Results showing differential responses to specific exposure stimuli were inconclusive. Tag improvements and additional field efforts are needed to validate the tag's use in behavioral response studies to specific acoustic stimuli. There is potential to use this technology to study physiological effects of extended deep dives on marine mammals as well as frequency dependent hearing because of its ability to induce prolonged, unplanned dives in response to man-made sounds.

Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309085365
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals by : National Research Council

Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-06-22 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.

Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309440513
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammals face a large array of stressors, including loss of habitat, chemical and noise pollution, and bycatch in fishing, which alone kills hundreds of thousands of marine mammals per year globally. To discern the factors contributing to population trends, scientists must consider the full complement of threats faced by marine mammals. Once populations or ecosystems are found to be at risk of adverse impacts, it is critical to decide which combination of stressors to reduce to bring the population or ecosystem into a more favorable state. Assessing all stressors facing a marine mammal population also provides the environmental context for evaluating whether an additional activity could threaten it. Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals builds upon previous reports to assess current methodologies used for evaluating cumulative effects and identify new approaches that could improve these assessments. This review focuses on ways to quantify exposure-related changes in the behavior, health, or body condition of individual marine mammals and makes recommendations for future research initiatives.

Environmental Assessment on the Effects of Scientific Research Activities Associated with Behavioral Response Studies of Pacific Marine Mammals Using Controlled Sound Exposure

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Assessment on the Effects of Scientific Research Activities Associated with Behavioral Response Studies of Pacific Marine Mammals Using Controlled Sound Exposure by :

Download or read book Environmental Assessment on the Effects of Scientific Research Activities Associated with Behavioral Response Studies of Pacific Marine Mammals Using Controlled Sound Exposure written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Office of Protected Resources (OPR), proposes to issue a scientific research permit for takes of marine mammals in the wild, pursuant to the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended (MMPA; 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). The primary objective of the proposed research is to support conservation management by providing empirical measurements of behavior in marine mammals and behavioral changes as a function of sound exposure. The permit applicant would observe behavioral responses in several marine mammal species exposed to controlled underwater sound exposures and quantify exposure conditions associated with various effects. This information would be used to determine the acoustic exposures of mid-frequency (MF) sonar sounds that elicit an identifiable behavioral indicator response in targeted marine mammals, so that sound producers and regulatory agencies can better understand, minimize, and manage noise impacts on protected species. Additionally, the applicant proposes to conduct photo-identification of marine mammals and collect skin samples for genetic analysis. The action area for the proposed study includes the U.S. Navy's existing Southern California (SOCAL) Range Complex, other US locations including offshore waters, and international waters throughout the Pacific basin. Scientific research permits are generally categorically excluded from the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) requirements to prepare an environmental assessment (EA) or environmental impact statement (EIS) (NAO 216-6). However, NMFS chose to prepare an EA as a more detailed analysis of potential environmental impacts"--Abstract (p. i).

Marine Mammals and Noise

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080573037
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Mammals and Noise by : W. John Richardson

Download or read book Marine Mammals and Noise written by W. John Richardson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research.

Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals by : William John Richardson

Download or read book Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals written by William John Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030906886X
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound by : National Research Council

Download or read book Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-06-11 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound has become a major tool for studying the ocean. Although the ocean is relatively opaque to light, it is relatively transparent to sound. Sound having frequencies below 1,000 Hertz (Hz) is often defined as low-frequency sound. The speed of sound is proportional to the temperature of the water through which it passes. Therefore, sound speed can be used to infer the average temperature of the water volume through which sound waves have passed. The relationship between water temperature and the speed of sound is the basis for the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) experiment. The ATOC experiment is designed to monitor the travel time of sound between sources off the coasts of Hawaii and California and several receivers around the Pacific Ocean in order to detect trends in ocean temperature and for other research and monitoring purposes. Some whales, seals, and fish use low-frequency sound to communicate and to sense their environments. For example, baleen whales and some toothed whales are known to use and respond to low-frequency sound emitted by other individuals of their species. Sharks are not known to produce low-frequency sound but are attracted to pulsed low-frequency sounds. Therefore, it is possible that human-generated low-frequency sound could interfere with the natural behavior of whales, sharks, and some other marine animals. Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound is an updated review of the National Research Council 1994 report Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals: Current Knowledge and Research Needs, based on data obtained from the MMRP and results of any other relevant research, including ONR's research program in low-frequency sound and marine mammals. This report compares new data with the research needs specified in the 1994 NRC report, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of the data for answering important outstanding questions about marine mammal responses to low-frequency sound and identifies areas where gaps in our knowledge continue to exist.

Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309050251
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals by : National Research Council

Download or read book Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals and makes recommendations for research. In addition, the book describes current federal regulations prescribed under the Marine Mammal Protection Act that govern the taking of marine mammals by scientific research activities, and it recommends changes to expedite the regulatory process dealing with scientific research activities.

North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory by :

Download or read book North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Federal Register

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Federal Register by :

Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128043814
Total Pages : 1190 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals by : Bernd Würsig

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals written by Bernd Würsig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, Third Edition covers the ecology, behavior, conservation, evolution, form and function of whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, manatees, dugongs, otters and polar bears. This edition provides new content on anthropogenic concerns, latest information on emerging threats such as ocean noise, and impacts of climate change. With authors and editors who are world experts, this new edition is a critical resource for all who are interested in marine mammals, especially upper level undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and managers, and is a top reference for those in related fields, from oceanographers to environmental scientists. Significant content and topic updates, as well as the addition of new topics in such areas as anthropogenic disturbance Visual maps of the oceans and seas mentioned in contributions, helping to place the geographical features described in the text with clear, consistent species illustrations Written to help users learn new information or brush up on a topic quickly, with the references at the end of each entry to help guide readers into more specialist literature

Marine Mammal Welfare

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319469940
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Mammal Welfare by : Andy Butterworth

Download or read book Marine Mammal Welfare written by Andy Butterworth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammals attract human interest – sometimes this interest is benign or positive – whale watching, conservation programmes for whales, seals, otters, and efforts to clear beaches of marine debris are seen as proactive steps to support these animals. However, there are many forces operating to affect adversely the lives of whales, seals, manatees, otters and polar bears – and this book explores how the welfare of marine mammals has been affected and how they have adapted, moved, responded and sometimes suffered as a result of the changing marine and human world around them. Marine mammal welfare addresses the welfare effects of marine debris, of human traffic in the oceans, of noise, of hunting, of whale watching and tourism, and of some of the less obvious impacts on marine mammals – on their social structures, on their behaviours and migration, and also of the effects on captivity for animals kept in zoos and aquaria. There is much to think and talk about – how marine mammals respond in a world dramatically influenced by man, how are their social structures affected and how is their welfare impacted?

Acoustic Behaviour of Animals

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 966 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Acoustic Behaviour of Animals by : International Committee of Bio-acoustics

Download or read book Acoustic Behaviour of Animals written by International Committee of Bio-acoustics and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Noise and Vibrations in Offshore Wind Farms and Their Impact on Aquatic Species

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832536980
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Noise and Vibrations in Offshore Wind Farms and Their Impact on Aquatic Species by : Rui He

Download or read book Noise and Vibrations in Offshore Wind Farms and Their Impact on Aquatic Species written by Rui He and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-25 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: