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Pulsar Wind Nebulae At High Energies
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Book Synopsis Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs by : Rubén López Coto
Download or read book Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs written by Rubén López Coto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a comprehensive work that addresses many of the open questions currently being discusssed in the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray community. It presents a detailed description of the MAGIC telescope together with a glimpse of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). One section is devoted to the design, development and characterization of trigger systems for current and future imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The book also features a state-of-the-art description of pulsar wind nebula (PWN) systems, the study of the multi-TeV spectrum of the Crab nebula, as well as the discovery of VHE gamma rays at the multiwavelength PWN 3C 58, which were sought at these wavelengths for more than twenty years. It also includes the contextualization of this discovery amongst the current population of VHE gamma-ray PWNe. Cataclysmic variable stars represent a new source of gamma ray energies, and are also addressed here. In closing, the thesis reports on the systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emissions of AE Aquarii in a multiwavelength context and the search for VHE gamma-ray variability of novae during outbursts at different wavelengths.
Book Synopsis Particle Populations and High Energy Emission in Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Albert Adam Van Etten
Download or read book Particle Populations and High Energy Emission in Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Albert Adam Van Etten and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic particles streaming out from rapidly spinning neutron stars radiate across the electromagnetic spectrum, creating a pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Many PWNe are spatially resolved in the radio, X-ray, and even gamma-ray wavebands, and thereby provide an excellent laboratory to study not only pulsar winds and dynamics, but also shock processes, magnetic field evolution, and particle transport. Single-zone spectral energy distribution (SED) models have long been used to study the global properties of PWNe, but to fully take advantage of high spatial resolution data one must move beyond these simple models. Supported by multiple X-ray PWN observations, we describe multi-zone time-dependent SED model fitting, with particular emphasis on the spatial variations within nebulae. The SED model constrains the wind velocity profile, magnetic field profile, age and spin-down history of the central pulsar, and the PWN injection spectrum. These constraints are of great value to the study of the gamma-ray pulsar population, and to investigations of particle acceleration and the cosmic ray spectrum. The large size of many PWNe in the very high energy gamma-ray (TeV) regime is indicative of significant particle transport over the pulsar lifetime, and in the case study of HESS J1825-137 we find that rapid diffusion of high energy particles is required to match the multi-wavelength data.
Book Synopsis Pulsar Wind Nebulae with H.E.S.S.: Establishing a Connection Between High-power Pulsars and Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Sources by :
Download or read book Pulsar Wind Nebulae with H.E.S.S.: Establishing a Connection Between High-power Pulsars and Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Sources written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulsars energise particles into lighthouse pencil beams and create extended relativistic outflows, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). In the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray wave band, these PWNe represent to date the most populous class of Galactic sources. Nevertheless, the details of the energy conversion mechanisms in the vicinity of pulsars are not well understood, nor is it known which pulsars are able to drive PWNe and emit high-energy radiation. Due to its large field of view and unprecedented sensitivity, H.E.S.S. is the first instrument to allow for deep surveys of the Galactic plane in VHE gamma rays. This work presents the first ever systematic investigation of the connection of VHE gamma-ray sources and PWNe. Besides presenting two new candidate PWNe detected in this search, it is shown that pulsars with large spin-down energy flux are indeed with high probability associated with VHE gamma-ray sources, implying the existence of an efficient mechanism by which a large fraction of pulsar spin-down energy is converted into kinetic energy of particles. The results presented here make it very likely that future more sensitive VHE gamma-ray instruments will detect a rapidly increasing number of lower-luminosity PWNe.
Book Synopsis Revealing the Most Energetic Light from Pulsars and Their Nebulae by : David Carreto Fidalgo
Download or read book Revealing the Most Energetic Light from Pulsars and Their Nebulae written by David Carreto Fidalgo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the extraordinary observation of TeV gamma rays from the Crab Pulsar, the most energetic light ever detected from this type of object. It presents detailed information on the painstaking analysis of the unprecedentedly large dataset from the MAGIC telescopes, and comprehensively discusses the implications of pulsed TeV gamma rays for state-of-the-art pulsar emission models. Using these results, the book subsequently explores new testing methodologies for Lorentz Invariance Violation, in terms of a wavelength-dependent speed of light. The book also covers an updated search for Very-High-Energy (VHE), >100 GeV, emissions from millisecond pulsars using the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite, as well as a study on the promising Pulsar Wind Nebula candidate PSR J0631. The observation of VHE gamma rays is essential to studying the non-thermal sources of radiation in our Universe. Rotating neutron stars, also known as pulsars, are an extreme source class known to emit VHE gamma rays. However, to date only two pulsars have been detected with emissions above 100 GeV, and our understanding of their emission mechanism is still lacking.
Book Synopsis Pulsar Wind Nebulae at High Energies by :
Download or read book Pulsar Wind Nebulae at High Energies written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are the most abundant TeV gamma-ray emitters in the Milky Way. The radiative emission of these objects is powered by fast-rotating pulsars, which donate parts of their rotational energy into winds of relativistic particles. This thesis presents an in-depth study of the detected population of PWNe at high energies. To outline general trends regarding their evolutionary behaviour, a time-dependent model is introduced and compared to the available data. In particular, this work presents two exceptional PWNe which protrude from the rest of the population, namely the Crab Nebula and N 157B. Both objects are driven by pulsars with extremely high rotational energy loss rates. Accordingly, they are often referred to as energetic twins. Modelling the non-thermal multi-wavelength emission of N157B gives access to specific properties of this object, like the magnetic field inside the nebula. Comparing the derived parameters to those of the Crab Nebula reveals large intrinsic differences between the two PWNe. Possible origins of these differences are discussed in context of the resembling pulsars. Compared to the TeV gamma-ray regime, the number of detected PWNe is much smaller in the MeV-GeV gamma-ray range. In the latter range, the Crab Nebula stands out by the recent detection of gamma-ray flares. In general, the measured flux enhancements on short time scales of days to weeks were not expected in the theoretical understanding of PWNe. In this thesis, the variability of the Crab Nebula is analysed using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT). For the presented analysis, a new gamma-ray reconstruction method is used, providing a higher sensitivity and a lower energy threshold compared to previous analyses. The derived gamma-ray light curve of the Crab Nebula is investigated for flares and periodicity. The detected flares are analysed regarding their energy spectra, and their variety and commonalities are discussed. In addition, a dedicated analysis of the flare which occurred in March 2013 is performed. The derived short-term variability time scale is roughly 6h, implying a small region inside the Crab Nebula to be responsible for the enigmatic flares. The most promising theories explaining the origins of the flux eruptions and gamma-ray variability are discussed in detail. In the technical part of this work, a new analysis framework is presented. The introduced software, called gammalib/ctools, is currently being developed for the future CTA observa- tory. The analysis framework is extensively tested using data from the H. E. S. S. experiment. To conduct proper data analysis in the likelihood framework of gammalib/ctools, a model describing the distribution of background events in H.E.S.S. data is presented. The software provides the infrastructure to combine data from several instruments in one analysis. To study the gamma-ray emitting PWN population, data from Fermi-LAT and H. E. S. S. are combined in the likelihood framework of gammalib/ctools. In particular, the spectral peak, which usually lies in the overlap energy regime between these two instruments, is determined with the presented analysis framework. The derived measurements are compared to the predictions from the time-dependent model. The combined analysis supports the conclusion of a diverse population of gamma-ray emitting PWNe.
Book Synopsis High-Energy Emission from Pulsars and their Systems by : Nanda Rea
Download or read book High-Energy Emission from Pulsars and their Systems written by Nanda Rea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-04 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the inaugural meeting of the Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics was to address, in a global context, the current understanding of and challenges in high-energy emissions from isolated and non-isolated neutron stars, and to confront the theoretical picture with observations of both the Fermi satellite and the currently operating ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. Participants have also discussed the prospects for possible observations with planned instruments across the multi-wavelength spectrum (e.g. SKA, LOFAR, E-VLT, IXO, CTA) and how they will impact our theoretical understanding of these systems. In keeping with the goals of the Forum, this book not only represents the proceedings of the meeting, but also a reflection on the state-of-the-art in the topic.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Supernovae by : Athem W. Alsabti
Download or read book Handbook of Supernovae written by Athem W. Alsabti and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New High-energy Results on Supernova Remnants and Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Jacco Vink
Download or read book New High-energy Results on Supernova Remnants and Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Jacco Vink and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Search For Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Very High Energy Gamma-ray Regime by : Dominic Robert Keogh
Download or read book The Search For Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Very High Energy Gamma-ray Regime written by Dominic Robert Keogh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Thesis is to study the development of pulsar wind nebulae in the TeV regime and in doing so uncover more sources which have as yet not been observed at these wavelengths. It is found that the extent of pulsar wind nebula in the TeV gamma-ray increases with its age while no developmental relationship is seen concerning the luminosity or spectral index of the nebulae when observed in the TeV gamma-ray regime due to uncertainties in the measurements available. TeV gamma-ray upper limits are calculated for several nebulae observed in the X-ray regime allowing the strength of their magnetic fields to be constrained but only one new source, which was previously confused with its companion, was discovered, the Eel Nebula. Predictions of the fluxes of many of the sources for which upper limits are derived in this work have been calculated from observations of their emission in X-rays and some of these sources should be uncovered with the next generation CTA instrument.
Book Synopsis Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array by : The Cta Consortium
Download or read book Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array written by The Cta Consortium and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the science to be carried out by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, a major ground-based gamma-ray observatory that will be constructed over the next six to eight years. The major scientific themes, as well as core program of key science projects, have been developed by the CTA Consortium, a collaboration of scientists from many institutions worldwide.CTA will be the major facility in high-energy and very high-energy photon astronomy over the next decade and beyond. CTA will have capabilities well beyond past and present observatories. Thus, CTA's science program is expected to be rich and broad and will complement other major multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. This book is intended to be the primary resource for the science case for CTA and it thus will be of great interest to the broader physics and astronomy communities. The electronic version (e-book) is available in open access.
Book Synopsis Jets and Winds in Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Gamma-Ray Bursts and Blazars by : Andrei Bykov
Download or read book Jets and Winds in Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Gamma-Ray Bursts and Blazars written by Andrei Bykov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativistic objects in astrophysics present a diverse set of phenomena and cover vast ranges of time scales and spatial scales, but their descriptions rely on a similar backbone: production of a relativistic outflow in a central compact object and dissipation of the outflow at large radii, accompanied by acceleration of particles up to very high energies and production of secondary non-thermal electromagnetic radiation. This book provides a timely and comprehensive review of the main physical processes involved in the formation and dissipation of relativistic outflows. It will be particularly useful to postgraduate students and researchers active in various areas of astrophysics and space science. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Volume 207, Issue 1-4, July 2017
Book Synopsis Extreme Particle Acceleration in Microquasar Jets and Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the MAGIC Telescopes by : Alba Fernández Barral
Download or read book Extreme Particle Acceleration in Microquasar Jets and Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the MAGIC Telescopes written by Alba Fernández Barral and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exhaustive work sheds new light on unsolved questions in gamma-ray astrophysics. It presents not only a complete introduction to the non-thermal Universe, but also a description of the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov technique and the MAGIC telescopes. The Fermi-LAT satellite and the HAWC Observatory are also described, as results from both are included. The physics section of the book is divided into microquasars and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), and includes extended overviews of both. In turn, the book discusses constraints on particle acceleration and gamma-ray production in microquasar jets, based on the analyses of MAGIC data on Cygnus X-1, Cygnus X-3 and V404 Cygni. Moreover, it presents the discovery of high-energy gamma-ray emissions from Cygnus X-1, using Fermi-LAT data. The book includes the first joint work between MAGIC, Fermi-LAT and HAWC, and discusses the hypothetical PWN nature of the targets in depth. It reports on a PWN population study that discusses, for the first time, the importance of the surrounding medium for gamma-ray production, and in closing presents technical work on the first Large-Size-Telescope (LST; CTA Collaboration), along with a complete description of the camera.
Book Synopsis Very-high-energy Υ-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs by : Rubén López Coto
Download or read book Very-high-energy Υ-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs written by Rubén López Coto and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neutron Stars and Pulsars by : Werner Becker
Download or read book Neutron Stars and Pulsars written by Werner Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron stars are the most compact astronomical objects in the universe which are accessible by direct observation. Studying neutron stars means studying physics in regimes unattainable in any terrestrial laboratory. Understanding their observed complex phenomena requires a wide range of scientific disciplines, including the nuclear and condensed matter physics of very dense matter in neutron star interiors, plasma physics and quantum electrodynamics of magnetospheres, and the relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics of electron-positron pulsar winds interacting with some ambient medium. Not to mention the test bed neutron stars provide for general relativity theories, and their importance as potential sources of gravitational waves. It is this variety of disciplines which, among others, makes neutron star research so fascinating, not only for those who have been working in the field for many years but also for students and young scientists. The aim of this book is to serve as a reference work which not only reviews the progress made since the early days of pulsar astronomy, but especially focuses on questions such as: "What have we learned about the subject and how did we learn it?", "What are the most important open questions in this area?" and "What new tools, telescopes, observations, and calculations are needed to answer these questions?". All authors who have contributed to this book have devoted a significant part of their scientific careers to exploring the nature of neutron stars and understanding pulsars. Everyone has paid special attention to writing educational comprehensive review articles with the needs of beginners, students and young scientists as potential readers in mind. This book will be a valuable source of information for these groups.
Book Synopsis Modelling Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Diego F. Torres
Download or read book Modelling Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Diego F. Torres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of the current and forthcoming observational data on pulsar wind nebulae, this book offers an assessment of the theoretical state of the art of modelling them. The expert authors also review the observational status of the field and provide an outlook for future developments. During the last few years, significant progress on the study of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) has been attained both from a theoretical and an observational perspective, perhaps focusing on the closest, more energetic, and best studied nebula: the Crab, which appears in the cover. Now, the number of TeV detected PWNe is similar to the number of characterized nebulae observed at other frequencies over decades of observations. And in just a few years, the Cherenkov Telescope Array will increase this number to several hundreds, actually providing an essentially complete account of TeV emitting PWNe in the Galaxy. At the other end of the multi-frequency spectrum, the SKA and its pathfinder instruments, will reveal thousands of new pulsars, and map in exquisite detail the radiation surrounding them for several hundreds of nebulae. By carefully reviewing the state of the art in pulsar nebula research this book prepares scientists and PhD students for future work and progress in the field.
Book Synopsis VHE Gamma-ray Emitting Pulsar Wind Nebulae Discovered by H.E.S.S. by :
Download or read book VHE Gamma-ray Emitting Pulsar Wind Nebulae Discovered by H.E.S.S. written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy have opened a new observational window on the physics of pulsars. The high sensitivity of current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, and in particular of the H.E.S.S. array, has already led to the discovery of about a dozen VHE-emitting pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) and PWN candidates. These include the plerions in the composite supernova remnants MSH 15-52, G21.5-0.9, Kes 75, and Vela, two sources in the Kookaburra, and the nebula of PSR B1823-13. This VHE emission is generally interpreted as inverse Compton emission from the relativistic electrons and positrons accelerated by the pulsar and its wind; as such, it can yield a more direct spatial and spectral view of the accelerated particles than can be inferred from observations of their synchrotron emission. The VHE-emitting PWNe detected by the H.E.S.S. telescopes are reviewed and the implications for pulsar physics discussed.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Energy-dependent Morphology in Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Steven Brett McArthur
Download or read book Investigation of Energy-dependent Morphology in Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Steven Brett McArthur and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations of TeV gamma rays enable investigation of extreme, high-energy astrophysical environments. Of the identied TeV sources within the Galaxy, the largest number are pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), formed by the shocked wind of relativistic leptons emitted by a pulsar and conned by the surrounding medium, with broadband emission arising from synchrotron and inverse Compton mechanisms. PWNe exhibit a wide range of morphologies as a result of a complex evolution, depending on the properties of the parent pulsar and conning medium. This work describes the discovery of gamma-ray emission from the PWN within the supernova remnant (SNR) CTA 1 by the VERITAS telescope array. By imaging the Cherenkov light from gamma-ray induced atmospheric showers, VERITAS revealed an extended TeV nebula surrounding the pulsar PSR J0007+7303. Comparison of the observed properties with known PWN, along with a one-zone model, suggests a recent interaction with the SNR reverse shock and allows for an estimate of the average nebular magnetic eld strength. No signicant energy-dependent morphology is seen. A multi-zone, cylindrically symmetric model is created to investigate tailed-out PWN morphology, accounting for multiple mechanisms for particle transport and cooling. The model is applied to the CTA 1 data, with a limited search of the parameter space performed to t the observed spectrum and extent. Possible improvements to the model performance are discussed.
