Psychological Perspectives On Expertise

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Psychological perspectives on expertise

Author : Guillermo Campitelli
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889195201
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychological perspectives on expertise by : Guillermo Campitelli

Download or read book Psychological perspectives on expertise written by Guillermo Campitelli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts are persons who are very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area. The aim of this Research Topic is to advance knowledge in the understanding of the phenomenon of expertise by putting together different lines of research that directly or indirectly study expertise. Herbert Simon’s expertise studies initiated two lines of research. One is interested in elucidating the cognitive processes underlying expertise, and the other investigates how expertise develops. These lines of research started with studies comparing experts and novices in chess, and then they extended to numerous areas of expertise such as music, medical diagnosis, sports, arts and sciences. In the field of judgment and decision making researchers investigate the quality of judgments and decisions of experts in different professions (e.g., clinical psychologists, medical practitioners, judges, meteorologists, stock brokers). Those lines of research explicitly investigate the topic of expertise, but there are other research areas that make a substantial contribution to understanding expertise. Scholars in language acquisition and in face perception, for example, investigate cognitive processes and development of expertise in areas in which almost everyone becomes an expert. Furthermore, skill acquisition research informs in detail about short term cognitive changes that may be important to understand how expertise develops. We are interested in original research that advances knowledge in the understanding of decision making, cognitive processes and development of expertise in sports, intellectual games, arts, scientific disciplines and professions, as well as expertise in cognitive abilities such as perception, memory, attention, language and imagery. We are also interested in theoretical articles in any of these areas, articles that describe computational or mathematical models of expertise, and articles offering a framework that would guide expertise research. Articles that offer integrative approaches of some of the areas described above are strongly encouraged. The goal of this Research Topic is to produce a hallmark piece of work in the field of expertise, which complements and does not overlap with the “Neural implementations of expertise” Research Topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.

Psychological Perspectives on Expertise

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychological Perspectives on Expertise by :

Download or read book Psychological Perspectives on Expertise written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Science of Expertise

Author : David Z. Hambrick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351624849
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Expertise by : David Z. Hambrick

Download or read book The Science of Expertise written by David Z. Hambrick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering the broadest review of psychological perspectives on human expertise to date, this volume covers behavioral, computational, neural, and genetic approaches to understanding complex skill. The chapters show how performance in music, the arts, sports, games, medicine, and other domains reflects basic traits such as personality and intelligence, as well as knowledge and skills acquired through training. In doing so, this book moves the field of expertise beyond the duality of "nature vs. nurture" toward an integrative understanding of complex skill. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers and students interested in expertise, and for professionals seeking current reviews of psychological research on expertise.

The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance

Author : K. Anders Ericsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1107137551
Total Pages : 985 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance by : K. Anders Ericsson

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by . This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 985 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, some of the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' provide scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance.

The Paradoxical Brain

Author : Narinder Kapur
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139495798
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Paradoxical Brain by : Narinder Kapur

Download or read book The Paradoxical Brain written by Narinder Kapur and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-21 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paradoxical Brain focuses on a range of phenomena in clinical and cognitive neuroscience that are counterintuitive and go against the grain of established thinking. The book covers a wide range of topics by leading researchers, including: • Superior performance after brain lesions or sensory loss • Return to normal function after a second brain lesion in neurological conditions • Paradoxical phenomena associated with human development • Examples where having one disease appears to prevent the occurrence of another disease • Situations where drugs with adverse effects on brain functioning may have beneficial effects in certain situations A better understanding of these interactions will lead to a better understanding of brain function and to the introduction of new therapeutic strategies. The book will be of interest to those working at the interface of brain and behaviour, including neuropsychologists, neurologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists.

Exploring Expertise

Author : James Fleck
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 134913693X
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Expertise by : James Fleck

Download or read book Exploring Expertise written by James Fleck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing social and economic significance of expertise is reflected in popular suggestions that we are moving into a post-industrial 'knowledge society'. The subject of expertise is becoming recognised in a range of scholarly disciplines ranging from science and technology, psychology, computing and artificial intelligence through to management and organisational behaviour. Exploring Expertise brings together some of these diverse understandings of the character and implications of expertise, and demonstrates through a set of empirical case studies how expertise means different things to different groups, how it is constructed differently in different settings, and the consequences of this process for relations between 'members' of the knowledge society and those 'on the outside'. The book includes case study material ranging from a hospital ward to a factory to a nuclear weapons facility.

On Expertise

Author : Ashley Rose Mehlenbacher
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271093129
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis On Expertise by : Ashley Rose Mehlenbacher

Download or read book On Expertise written by Ashley Rose Mehlenbacher and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2022-04-20 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a deep distrust of experts in America today. Influenced by populist politics, many question or downright ignore the recommendations of scientists, scholars, and others with specialized training. It appears that expertise, a critical component of democratic life, no longer appeals to wide swaths of the body politic. On Expertise is a robust defense of the expert class. Ashley Rose Mehlenbacher examines modern and ancient theories of expertise through the lens of rhetoric and interviews some forty professionals, revealing how they understand their own expertise and how they came to be known as “experts.” She shows that expertise requires not only knowledge and skill but also, crucially, an acknowledgment by others—both specialists and laypeople—that one is a credible authority. At its heart, expertise is a rhetorical construct, and to be persuasive, experts must have the ability to apply their knowledge and skills rightly—in the right way, at the right time, to achieve the right end. Ultimately, Mehlenbacher argues that experts apply their technical knowledge effectively and win others’ trust through acting prudently and cultivating goodwill. Timely, practical, and sophisticated, On Expertise provides vital scaffolding for our understanding of expertise and its real-world application. This book is essential for beginning the work of rehabilitating the expert class amid a politics of extreme populism and anti-intellectualism.

Understanding Expertise

Author : Fernand Gobet
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1137571969
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Expertise by : Fernand Gobet

Download or read book Understanding Expertise written by Fernand Gobet and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-16 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes an expert? What strategies do they use? If you're an expert in one domain, are you more likely to become an expert in a second? In examining questions like these, Professor Fernand Gobet provides a comprehensive overview of the field of expertise. With research from a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, neuroscience, sociology, philosophy, education, law and artificial intelligence, this is the definitive guide to the subject. Understanding Expertise: A Multidisciplinary Approach - Considers expertise on a number of levels ranging from the neural to the psychological and the social; - Critically evaluates current theories and approaches; - Addresses issues of key importance for society, with implications for training methods and the development of artificial expert systems.

Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis

Author : Martina Raue
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319924788
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis by : Martina Raue

Download or read book Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis written by Martina Raue and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative collection goes beyond economic statistics and probability data to offer a robust psychological understanding of risk perception and risk taking behavior. Expert contributors examine various risk domains in life, and pinpoint cognitive, emotional, and personality factors contributing to individual differences in risk taking as well as the many nuances social demographics (e.g., culture, gender) bring to risk decisions. Coverage takes competing theories and studies into account to identify mechanisms involved in processing and acting on uncertainty. And implications and applications are demonstrated in varied fields, from updated risk models for the insurance sector to improved risk communication in health services to considering risk perception in policy decisions. A sampling of the topics: Personality and risk: beyond daredevils—risk taking from a temperament perspective. Cognitive, developmental, and neurobiological aspects of risk judgments. The group effect: social influences on risk identification, analysis, and decision-making. Cognitive architectures as a scaffolding for risky choice models. Improving understanding of health-relevant numerical information. Risk culture as a framework for improving competence in risk management. Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis will be of great interest to researchers in and outside of psychology, including decision-making experts and behavioral economists. Additionally, this volume will appeal to practitioners who often have to make risky decisions, such as managers and physicians.

Toward a General Theory of Expertise

Author : K. Anders Ericsson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521406123
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward a General Theory of Expertise by : K. Anders Ericsson

Download or read book Toward a General Theory of Expertise written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-08-30 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last twenty years our understanding of expertise has dramatically increased. Laboratory analysis of chess masters, experts in physics and medicine, musicians, athletics, writers, and performance artists have included careful examination of the cognitive processes mediating outstanding performance in very diverse areas of expertise. These analyses have shown that expert performance is primarily a reflection of acquired skill resulting from the accumulation of domain-specific knowledge and methods during many years of training practice. The importance of domain-specific knowledge has led researchers on expertise to focus on characteristics of expertise in specific domains. In Toward a General Theory of Expertise many of the world's foremost scientists review the state-of-the-art knowledge about expertise in different domains, with the goal of identifying characteristics of expert performance that are generalizable across many different areas of expertise. These essays provide a comprehensive summary of general methods for studying expertise and of current knowledge about expertise in chess, physics, medicine, sports and performance arts, music, writing, and decision making. Most important, the essays reveal the existence of many general characteristics of expertise.

Master Therapists

Author : Thomas M. Skovholt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190496584
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Master Therapists by : Thomas M. Skovholt

Download or read book Master Therapists written by Thomas M. Skovholt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this 10th Anniversary text, Thomas M. Skovholt and Len Jennings paint an elaborate portrait of expert or "master" therapists. The book contains extensive qualitative research from three doctoral dissertations and an additional research study conducted over a seven-year period on the same ten master therapists. This intensive research project on master therapists, those considered the "best of the best" by their colleagues, is the most extensive research on high-level functioning of mental health professionals ever done. Therapists and counselors can use the insights gained from this book as potential guidelines for use in their own professional development. Furthermore, training programs may adopt it in an effort to develop desirable characteristics in their trainees. Featuring a brand new Preface and Epilogue, this 10th Anniversary Edition of Master Therapists revisits a landmark text in the field of counseling and therapy.

Perceptual Expertise

Author : Isabel Gauthier
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199718806
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Perceptual Expertise by : Isabel Gauthier

Download or read book Perceptual Expertise written by Isabel Gauthier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive survey of perceptual expertise in visual object recognition, and introduces a novel collaborative model, codified as the "Perceptual Expertise Network" (PEN). This unique group effort is focused on delineating the domain-general principles of high-level visual learning that can account for how different object categories are processed and come to be associated with spatially localized activity in the primate brain. PEN's approach brings together different traditions and techniques to address questions such as how expertise develops, whether there are different kinds of experts, whether some disorders such as autism or prosopagnosia can be understood as a lack or loss of expertise, and how conceptual and perceptual information interact when experts recognize and categorize objects. The research and results that have been generated by these questions are presented here, along with a variety of other questions, background information, and extant issues that have emerged from recent studies, making this book a complete overview on the topic.

Psychology in the Courtroom

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780754626411
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychology in the Courtroom by :

Download or read book Psychology in the Courtroom written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Property Crime

Author : Amy Burrell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351803034
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Property Crime by : Amy Burrell

Download or read book Property Crime written by Amy Burrell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Property Crime: Criminological and Psychological Perspectives pulls together expertise from a wide range of academics and practitioners who focus on preventing and investigating property crime. From car theft and vandalism to burglary and robbery, this book provides an insight into the motivations and pathways of crime, as well as how it is investigated and what happens to offenders when they are caught. This book aims to highlight the extent, nature, and impact of property crime as well as providing an overview of different topics such as: offender crime scene behaviour, motivations, the decision process that underpins a range of property-related offences, prosecution, rehabilitation, and prevention. In addition, the processes and challenges involved in investigating and prosecuting property offences are discussed from a range of perspectives, including crime analysts, police detectives, forensic crime scene investigators, and prosecutors. This is an essential read for students, applied researchers, and practitioners working across the criminal justice system. It is a 'one-stop-shop' for anyone interested in this pervasive form of criminal behavior.

Gender, Sex, and Sexualities

Author : Nancy Dess
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190658568
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, Sex, and Sexualities by : Nancy Dess

Download or read book Gender, Sex, and Sexualities written by Nancy Dess and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, the field of gender, sex, and sexualities has been a focal point of increasing interest. This inquiry has been ignited by successive waves of dramatic social change, chief among them: the re-emergence of feminist movements in the U.S. and Europe in the late 1960s; the sustained (and increasingly successful) bids for legal, social, and religious acceptance of non-heterosexual sexualities in many parts of the world; and the burgeoning number of people (whether cisgendered, gender-variant, trans, or questioning) whose individual and collective experiences of gender and sexuality warrant deeper understanding and further progress toward a fuller realization of human potential and civil rights. In psychology, the intellectual project of understanding gender, sex, and sexualities encompasses a variety of subfields spanning neuroscience and developmental, cognitive, social, and cultural psychology, as well as critical theory. As such, these approaches have inspired new and different psychological questions, as well as increased interest in previously unfamiliar topics of investigation. Edited by Nancy K. Dess, Jeanne Marecek, and Leslie C. Bell, Gender, Sex, and Sexualities offers both students and scholars the tools they need to consider and approach such questions as: how do children come to embrace (or repudiate) gendered activities and identities; how do people experience intimacy, desire, and sexual arousal; and what strategies can psychologists use to de-center their own points of view and effectively contribute to a decolonial psychology? As a result, this volume will open new avenues of inquiry as well as cross-disciplinary conversations for readers everywhere.

Education and Expertise

Author : Mark Addis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111952721X
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Education and Expertise by : Mark Addis

Download or read book Education and Expertise written by Mark Addis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relevance of expertise to professional education and practice is explored in this collection of original contributions from educationalists, philosophers and psychologists. Discusses the increasingly prominent debates about the nature of know-how in mainstream analytical epistemology Illuminates what is involved in professional expertise and the implications of a sound understanding of professional expertise for professional education practice, curriculum design and assessment All contributions are philosophically grounded and reflect interdisciplinary advances in understanding expertise

The Skillfulness of Virtue

Author : Matt Stichter
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108583547
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis The Skillfulness of Virtue by : Matt Stichter

Download or read book The Skillfulness of Virtue written by Matt Stichter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Skillfulness of Virtue provides a new framework for understanding virtue as a skill, based on psychological research on self-regulation and expertise. Matt Stichter lays the foundations of his argument by bringing together theories of self-regulation and skill acquisition, which he then uses as grounds to discuss virtue development as a process of skill acquisition. This account of virtue as skill has important implications for debates about virtue in both virtue ethics and virtue epistemology. Furthermore, it engages seriously with criticisms of virtue theory that arise in moral psychology, as psychological experiments reveal that there are many obstacles to acting and thinking well, even for those with the best of intentions. Stichter draws on self-regulation strategies and examples of deliberate practice in skill acquisition to show how we can overcome some of these obstacles, and become more skillful in our moral and epistemic virtues.