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Proliferation Resistance Assessment Of The Integral Fast Reactor
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Book Synopsis Proliferation Resistance Assessment of the Integral Fast Reactor by :
Download or read book Proliferation Resistance Assessment of the Integral Fast Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) concept includes a sodium-cooled fast reactor collocated with an integrated pyroprocess fuel recycling facility. The pyrochemical processes and the inert atmosphere of the heavily shielded fuel cycle facility provide inherent proliferation-resistant features for this advanced technology. The reactor can be designed to operate with a number of different conversion factors, so that it could be used for excess plutonium consumption or as a breeder if needed for rapid expansion of energy supply. The system contains a large quantity of plutonium and minor actinides, which at all times remain in extremely hostile environments and in chemical and physical forms that would require additional processing to extract weapons-suitable material. The aqueous processing equipment and facilities to accomplish such separation would not be available on site. Transportation would not be required in the reference deployment scenario. Nevertheless, the proliferation-resistance of some parts of the system could be considerably strengthened by advanced safeguards technologies. In spite of its inherent features, international deployment of the system would probably be limited to stable countries with a strong existing nuclear infrastructure.
Book Synopsis New Tool for Proliferation Resistance Evaluation Applied to Uranium and Thorium Fueled Fast Reactor Fuel Cycles by : Richard Royce Madison Metcalf
Download or read book New Tool for Proliferation Resistance Evaluation Applied to Uranium and Thorium Fueled Fast Reactor Fuel Cycles written by Richard Royce Madison Metcalf and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comparison of nuclear facilities based on their barriers to nuclear material proliferation has remained a difficult endeavor, often requiring expert elicitation for each system under consideration. However, objectively comparing systems using a set of computable metrics to derive a single number representing a system is not, in essence, a nuclear nonproliferation specific problem and significant research has been performed for business models. For instance, Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis (MAUA) methods have been used previously to provide an objective insight of the barriers to proliferation. In this paper, the Proliferation Resistance Analysis and Evaluation Tool for Observed Risk (PRAETOR), a multi-tiered analysis tool based on the multiplicative MAUA method, is presented. It folds sixty three mostly independent metrics over three levels of detail to give an ultimate metric for nonproliferation performance comparison. In order to reduce analysts' bias, the weighting between the various metrics was obtained by surveying a total of thirty three nonproliferation specialists and nonspecialists from fields such as particle physics, international policy, and industrial engineering. The PRAETOR was used to evaluate the Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Cycle (FBRFC). The results obtained using these weights are compared against a uniform weight approach. Results are presented for five nuclear material diversion scenarios: four examples include a diversion attempt on various components of a PUREX fast reactor cycle and one scenario involves theft from a PUREX facility in a LWR cycle. The FBRFC was evaluated with uranium-plutonium fuel and a second time using thorium-uranium fuel. These diversion scenarios were tested with both uniform and expert weights, with and without safeguards in place. The numerical results corroborate nonproliferation truths and provide insight regarding fast reactor facilities' proliferation resistance in relation to known standards.
Book Synopsis Assessment Methodology for Proliferation Resistant Fast Breeder Reactor by : Mohit Singh (S.M.)
Download or read book Assessment Methodology for Proliferation Resistant Fast Breeder Reactor written by Mohit Singh (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to perceived proliferation risks, current US fast reactor designs have avoided the use of uranium blankets. While reducing the amount of plutonium produced, this omission also restrains the reactor design space and has several disadvantages over blanketed cores. This study investigated many blanket options that would satisfy the proliferation concern while minimizing negative fuel cycle impact. To do so, a multi-variable metric was developed that combines 6 attributes: proliferation resistance, fuel fabrication, radiotoxicity, breeding gain, reactivity penalty and transportation. The final version of the metric consisted of using a yes or no decision on the proliferation criteria proposed by Bathke (for technologically advanced nations). The remaining 5 attributes are scaled between 0 and 1 with assigned weights for each. For our analysis, a 2400MWth sodium cooled core was considered. One row of blanket was added radially. Metal fuel composed of depleted uranium, zirconium and Np/Pu from light water reactor used fuel was used for the driver. It was determined that to meet the prescribed proliferation resistance criteria, a minimum of 4% MA (by volume) was needed in the blanket assemblies. However, increasing the amount of MA past 4% became detrimental to the combination of the other 5 attributes, mainly impacting the radiotoxicity, fuel fabrication and transportation. The addition of moderation by itself did not provide any means of dissipating proliferation issues. In the cases studied, it was determined that ZrH1.6 and BeO were the most promising moderating materials. They both provided some reduction in required MA concentration but at the expense of the radiotoxicity of the end product. Using our defined metric, it was determined that moderation provided no immediate benefit. It should also be noted that the homogeneous or heterogeneous addition of moderators has minimal impact on such scoping studies. Separation of the Cm/Bk/Cf vector from the Am was also studied. The blankets were composed of Am while the remaining Cm/Bk/Cf was left to decay in storage. The metric was then applied to the combined streams for all attributes except proliferation. The separated case performed worst in all cases examined. Also, as expected, varying the uranium composition vector from natural (NU), depleted (DU) and recycled (RU) had very little impact on our metric, thus the choice of uranium vector would be mostly left to cost and initial fabrication considerations. It should however be noted that the k-infinity at beginning-of-life was obviously higher for the recycled and natural cases. Looking at the reactivity over the first cycle indicates that NU provides an additional -40pcm over DU while RU provides -60pcm, which could provide 30 and 45 extra days of operation, respectively, or a reduction in driver core enrichment for a given cycle length.
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period January - March 1991 by :
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period January - March 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Status of Fast Reactor Research and Technology Development by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Status of Fast Reactor Research and Technology Development written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Based on a recommendation from the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors, this publication is a regular update of previous publications on fast reactor technology. The publication provides comprehensive and detailed information on the technology of fast neutron reactors. The focus is on practical issues that are useful to engineers, scientists, managers, university students and professors. The main issues of discussion are experience in design, construction, operation and decommissioning, various areas of research and development, engineering, safety and national strategies, and public acceptance of fast reactors. In the summary the reader will find national strategies, international initiatives on innovative (i.e. Generation IV) systems and an assessment of public acceptance as related to fast reactors."--Résumé de l'éditeur.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors by : Igor Pioro
Download or read book Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Igor Pioro and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully revised and updated comprehensive resource on the latest research and advances in generation IV nuclear reactor concepts. Editor Igor Pioro and his team of expert contributors have updated every chapter to reflect advances in the field since the first edition published in 2016. The book teaches the reader about available technologies, future prospects and the feasibility of each concept presented, equipping them users with a strong skillset which they can apply to their own work and research. Provides a fully updated, revised and comprehensive handbook dedicated entirely to generation IV nuclear reactors Includes new trends and developments since the first publication, as well as brand new case studies and appendices Covers the latest research, developments and design information surrounding generation IV nuclear reactors
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor Program Annual Progress Report FY 1990 by : Y. I. Chang
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor Program Annual Progress Report FY 1990 written by Y. I. Chang and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fast Breeder Reactor Program by : U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Reactor Development
Download or read book Fast Breeder Reactor Program written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Reactor Development and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Charles E. Till Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781466384606 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (846 download)
Book Synopsis Plentiful Energy by : Charles E. Till
Download or read book Plentiful Energy written by Charles E. Till and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) is a fast reactor system developed at Argonne National Laboratory in the decade 1984 to 1994. The IFR project developed the technology for a complete system; the reactor, the entire fuel cycle and the waste management technologies were all included in the development program. The reactor concept had important features and characteristics that were completely new and fuel cycle and waste management technologies that were entirely new developments. The reactor is a "fast" reactor - that is, the chain reaction is maintained by "fast" neutrons with high energy - which produces its own fuel. The IFR reactor and associated fuel cycle is a closed system. Electrical power is generated, new fissile fuel is produced to replace the fuel burned, its used fuel is processed for recycling by pyroprocessing - a new development - and waste is put in final form for disposal. All this is done on one self-sufficient site.The scale and duration of the project and its funding made it the largest nuclear energy R and D program of its day. Its purpose was the development of a long term massive new energy source, capable of meeting the nation's electrical energy needs in any amount, and for as long as it is needed, forever, if necessary. Safety, non-proliferation and waste toxicity properties were improved as well, these three the characteristics most commonly cited in opposition to nuclear power.Development proceeded from success to success. Most of the development had been done when the program was abruptly cancelled by the newly elected Clinton Administration. In his 1994 State of the Union address the president stated that "unnecessary programs in advanced reactor development will be terminated." The IFR was that program.This book gives the real story of the IFR, written by the two nuclear scientists who were most deeply involved in its conception, the development of its R and D program, and its management.Between the scientific and engineering papers and reports, and books on the IFR, and the non-technical and often impassioned dialogue that continues to this day on fast reactor technology, we felt there is room for a volume that, while accurate technically, is written in a manner accessible to the non-specialist and even to the non-technical reader who simply wants to know what this technology is.
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period October-December 1993 by :
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period October-December 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period July-September 1993 by :
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period July-September 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor by : Robert Southon
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor written by Robert Southon and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period April - June 1991 by :
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period April - June 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress and Status of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) Fuel Cycle Development by :
Download or read book Progress and Status of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) Fuel Cycle Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period April - June 1988 by :
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period April - June 1988 written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period January-March 1992 by :
Download or read book Integral Fast Reactor Program Quarterly Progress Report for the Period January-March 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
