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Production Of Fine Carbon Nanoparticles And Hydrogen Rich Gas From Laser Thermal Cracking Of Methane Using Regenerable Iron Based Catalyst
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Book Synopsis Production of Fine Carbon Nanoparticles and Hydrogen-rich Gas from Laser-thermal Cracking of Methane Using Regenerable Iron Based Catalyst by : Shenghong Qiu
Download or read book Production of Fine Carbon Nanoparticles and Hydrogen-rich Gas from Laser-thermal Cracking of Methane Using Regenerable Iron Based Catalyst written by Shenghong Qiu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes, having remarkable material properties, hold tremendous potential applications. Among the synthesis methods, cracking of natural gas (methane) is one of the effective ways, which also produces hydrogen without any CO2 emission. The reaction energy in conventional methods is usually supplied by burning some feedstock, which results in low thermal efficiency. A new approach, direct laser irradiation, will give an environmentally clean and efficient process to produce carbon nanoparticles. Some exploratory studies on catalytic laser-thermal cracking of methane were carried out at UTSI. Regenerable iron-based (Fe/Al2O3) catalyst made by soaking-drying technique was employed for the cracking reaction of methane. TGA and electric furnace set-up were also used to evaluate the catalyst. A TEA CO2-laser was employed as a heat source in the laser-based experiments, where different reactor modes, like fluidized- bed, basket and fixed bed reactor, were tried. The experiments on catalyst regeneration were also carried out. Three cycles of cracking/regenerations were tried. The black carbon in final catalyst residues was examined by optical microscope, SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses. It was shown that the laser-based cracking approach could eventually be utilized for the production of carbon nanoparticles and hydrogen-rich gas. However, more additional experiments are needed to find optimal conditions and reactor configurations for cracking reaction and production of carbon nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Modelling and Experimental Study of Methane Catalytic Cracking as a Hydrogen Production Technology by : Ashraf Mukhtar Lotfi Amin
Download or read book Modelling and Experimental Study of Methane Catalytic Cracking as a Hydrogen Production Technology written by Ashraf Mukhtar Lotfi Amin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production of hydrogen is primarily achieved via catalytic steam reforming, partial oxidation, and auto-thermal reforming of natural gas. Although these processes are mature technologies, they are somewhat complex and CO is formed as a by-product, therefore requiring a separation process if a pure or hydrogen-rich stream is needed. As an alternative method, supported metal catalysts can be used to catalytically decompose hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen. The process is known as catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons. Methane, the hydrocarbon containing the highest percentage of hydrogen, can be used in such a process to produce a hydrogen-rich stream. The decomposition of methane occurs on the surface of the active metal to produce hydrogen and filamentous carbon. As a result, only hydrogen is produced as a gaseous product, which eliminates the need of further separation processes to separate CO2 or CO. Nickel is commonly used in research as a catalyst for methane cracking in the 500-700C temperature range. To conduct methane catalytic cracking in a continuous manner, regeneration of the deactivated catalyst is required and circulation of the catalysts between cracking and regeneration cycles must be achieved. Different reactor designs have been successfully used in cyclic operation, such as a set of parallel fixed-bed reactors alternating between cracking and regeneration, but catalyst agglomeration due to carbon deposition may lead to blockage of the reactor and elevated pressure drop through the fixed bed. Also poor heat transfer in the fixed bed may lead to elevated temperature during the regeneration step when carbon is burned in air, which may cause catalyst sintering. A fluidized bed reactor appears as a viable option for methane catalytic cracking, since it would permit cyclic operation by moving the catalyst between a cracker and a regenerator. In addition, there is the possibility of using fine catalyst particles, which improves catalyst effectiveness. The aims of this project were 1) to develop and characterize a suitable nickel-based catalyst and 2) to develop a model for thermal catalytic decomposition of methane in a fluidized bed.
Book Synopsis Experiments with a Self-generated Carbon-expanded Iron Catalyst for Synthesis of Methane by : Joseph J. Demeter
Download or read book Experiments with a Self-generated Carbon-expanded Iron Catalyst for Synthesis of Methane written by Joseph J. Demeter and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Modeling Studies for Hydrogen and Filamentous Carbon Production from Methane Cracking Using a Ni Based Catalyst by : Mohadeb Chandra Hazra
Download or read book Experimental and Modeling Studies for Hydrogen and Filamentous Carbon Production from Methane Cracking Using a Ni Based Catalyst written by Mohadeb Chandra Hazra and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theoretical Investigation of Catalytic Methane Cracking and Carbon Nanotube Growth by : Jingde Li
Download or read book Theoretical Investigation of Catalytic Methane Cracking and Carbon Nanotube Growth written by Jingde Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen and Carbon Nanostructure Formation from Methane Cracking Over Iron and Zeolite Based Catalysts by : Abdulrahman Alharthi
Download or read book Hydrogen and Carbon Nanostructure Formation from Methane Cracking Over Iron and Zeolite Based Catalysts written by Abdulrahman Alharthi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methane Combustion over Lanthanum-based Perovskite Mixed Oxides by : Hamidreza Arandiyan
Download or read book Methane Combustion over Lanthanum-based Perovskite Mixed Oxides written by Hamidreza Arandiyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current research into the catalytic combustion of methane using perovskite-type oxides (ABO3). Catalytic combustion has been developed as a method of promoting efficient combustion with minimum pollutant formation as compared to conventional catalytic combustion. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have recommended that noble metals supported on (ABO3) with well-ordered porous networks show promising redox properties. Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials with interpenetrated and regular mesoporous systems have recently triggered enormous research activity due to their high surface areas, large pore volumes, uniform pore sizes, low cost, environmental benignity, and good chemical stability. These are all highly relevant in terms of the utilization of natural gas in light of recent catalytic innovations and technological advances. The book is of interest to all researchers active in utilization of natural gas with novel catalysts. The research covered comes from the most important industries and research centers in the field. The book serves not only as a text for researcher into catalytic combustion of methane, 3DOM perovskite mixed oxide, but also explores the field of green technologies by experts in academia and industry. This book will appeal to those interested in research on the environmental impact of combustion, materials and catalysis.
Book Synopsis Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Based Catalyst Nanoparticles for Production of Carbon Nanotubes by : Vijay Kodimala
Download or read book Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Based Catalyst Nanoparticles for Production of Carbon Nanotubes written by Vijay Kodimala and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on Noble Metals Based Catalysts for Production Via Methane Steam Reforming of Hydrogen Rich Gas as Fuel for High and Low Temperature Fuel Cells by : Brenno Lenite
Download or read book Studies on Noble Metals Based Catalysts for Production Via Methane Steam Reforming of Hydrogen Rich Gas as Fuel for High and Low Temperature Fuel Cells written by Brenno Lenite and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Doped Carbon Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction to be Used for Methane Partial Oxidation by : Andrew K. Craft
Download or read book Nitrogen Doped Carbon Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction to be Used for Methane Partial Oxidation written by Andrew K. Craft and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane (CH4) is a plentiful, naturally occurring hydrocarbon, and the main constituent of natural gas. Due to its abundance, it has been well studied as both a feedstock for chemical production and as a fuel. Recently, methane has become of interest due to it's release into the atmosphere as a result of human activities. Rather than capture and use methane, companies opt to flare methane, as it is more environmentally and economically friendly. In 2012, these practices led to over $1 Billion lost in fuel. A recent breakthrough involving the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the partial oxidation of methane to liquid chemicals at ambient conditions has been made. This process, used an iron based zeolite catalyst, and moderate concentrations of peroxide. Although peroxide is produced inexpensively industrially, there are cost and safety concerns with shipping the product to the remote fields where it would be used in this process. Nitrogen doped carbon materials have been identified as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). ☐ Here, the synthesis and subsequent testing of a NDC catalyst is reported. KIT-6, a mesoporous silica was used as a hard template, with an ionic liquid being the carbon and nitrogen precursor. Powder x-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis were used to characterize the template and resulting catalyst. Pore size distribution of KIT-6 can be influenced by slight changes in the synthesis procedure. This was utilized in an attempt to change the properties of the final catalyst. Slight changes in the hydrothermal ageing temperature changed the pore distribution in template, and the ECSA was significantly increased as a result. Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) testing shows that the catalysts have high selectivity (90%) towards H2O2. A RDE is not a production method that can be used industrially. In the best circumstances, it would take over 4 hours to accumulate the required amount of H2O2 used by Hammond et al. Mass transport of the reactants to the surface of the catalyst hinders the overall activity. A flow cell type device can help overcome these limitations by delivering the reactants directly to the catalyst surface. Current densities of 50 mA cm-2 with selectivity around 60% was achieved in the tested flow cell. This device would require ~40 minutes to produce the necessary amount of peroxide to be used if scaled up to 25 cm2.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Monoxide with Hydrogen by : S. D. Rosenberg
Download or read book Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Monoxide with Hydrogen written by S. D. Rosenberg and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane for Hydrogen Production on Co Catalysts and Ni-co Bimetallic Catalysts by : Waralee Marungrueang
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane for Hydrogen Production on Co Catalysts and Ni-co Bimetallic Catalysts written by Waralee Marungrueang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cobalt catalysts (cobalt content by weight: 7%, 10% and 15%) and cobalt-nickel bimetallic catalysts (cobalt-nickel content by weight: 3.5%-3.5%, 5%-5%, 7%-7%, 10%-10% and 15%-15%) were studied in dry reforming of methane for hydrogen and synthesis gas production. All catalysts were synthesized by the wetness impregnation method. The dry reforming of methane was carried out at 700oC, atmosphere pressure using a mixture; CH4 and CO2 in ratio 1:1. It was found that, after 120 minutes, the catalysts that gave the best methane conversion are 10%Co/Al2O3 (61.86%) for mono-metallic catalysts and 10%Ni-10%Co/Al2O3 (96.86%) for bimetallic catalysts. Moreover, the effect of adding potassium promoter to 10%Ni-10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst was studied. The methane conversion of potassium promoted 10%Ni-10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst was slightly lower than one without potassium. However, the adding of promoter could significantly decrease the carbon content on the catalysts.
Book Synopsis Nanoparticle Catalytic Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane for Hydrogen Production by : Nicholas Groden
Download or read book Nanoparticle Catalytic Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane for Hydrogen Production written by Nicholas Groden and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment of Aqueous Biomass and Waste Via Supercritical Water Gasification for the Production of CH4 and by : Izad Behnia
Download or read book Treatment of Aqueous Biomass and Waste Via Supercritical Water Gasification for the Production of CH4 and written by Izad Behnia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study targets to convert aqueous fraction of fast pyrolysis oil into methane and hydrogen gases via supercritical water gasification (SCWG). Water above its critical point is referred to as supercritical water, which has unique properties such as a loss of hydrogen bonding, becoming an excellent solvent for organic compounds. In this thesis, SCWG was used to gasify slurry materials into high calorific gases including CH4 and H2. Production selectivity towards more methane or hydrogen was affectively controlled by operational conditions. However, in the absence of catalyst (bank test), gas formation was very minimal. SCWG of glucose as an organic model compound was studied to screen the best catalyst for methane production. Ni20%Ru2%/-Al2O3 catalyst was able to convert all carbon in glucose to gases at a temperature of as low as 500 °C and weight-hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 3 h-1. This catalyst significantly promoted methane production and produced 0.5 mol methane per mole of carbon in the glucose feedstock. High stability and activity of this catalyst were observed during 20 hours on stream. It was also found out from this study that nickel loading, temperature, substrate concentration and feeding rate or WHSV greatly affected carbon conversion and yields of CH4 and H2 in SCWG. For instance, higher temperatures favor hydrogen formation while lower temperatures promote methane yield. Moreover, the Ni20%Ru2%/-Al2O3 catalyst demonstrated to be active for gasifying the aqueous fraction of fast pyrolysis oil via SCWG. Besides, the aqueous fraction of pyrolysis oil was gasified to a high extent in the presence of this catalyst, and 0.9 mol/mol of carbon in feedstock (2.98 wt.% C) was converted into CH4 and CO2 at 700 °C.
Book Synopsis Development of Nickel-based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Methane and Methanol by : Richard Augusto Couttenye
Download or read book Development of Nickel-based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Methane and Methanol written by Richard Augusto Couttenye and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Co-production of Hydrogen and Carbon Nanofilament from Methane Decomposition Over Nickel-supported Y Zeolite Based Catalyst by : Md Nasir Uddin
Download or read book Co-production of Hydrogen and Carbon Nanofilament from Methane Decomposition Over Nickel-supported Y Zeolite Based Catalyst written by Md Nasir Uddin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalysis for C1 Chemistry: Oxidative Coupling of Methane Using Nanofiber Catalysts and Discovery of Catalysts for Atmospheric Reduction of CO2 to Methanol by : Bahman Zohour
Download or read book Catalysis for C1 Chemistry: Oxidative Coupling of Methane Using Nanofiber Catalysts and Discovery of Catalysts for Atmospheric Reduction of CO2 to Methanol written by Bahman Zohour and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to explore novel catalytic material and systems for effective conversion of C1 feed. Catalysis of C1 chemistry is of critical importance for the clean production of fuels and chemicals and future energy sustainability. Herein, two processes were studied: In the first section, a comprehensive study of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) using novel nanofiber catalysts of mixed metal oxides was undertaken and in the second section, direct catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol was studied, which resulted in discovery of a superior catalytic system for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Section 1: Utilization of natural gas as an alternate chemical feedstock to petroleum has been a highly desirable but difficult goal in industrial catalysis. Accordingly, there has been a substantial interest in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), which allows for the direct catalytic conversion of methane into economically valuable C2+ hydrocarbons. OCM is a complex reaction process involving heterogeneous catalysis intricately coupled with gas phase reactions; hence, despite decades' worth of research, it has yet to be commercialized. The lack of progress in OCM is primarily due to the following reasons: 1. The absence of a highly active and robust catalyst that can operate at lower temperatures; and 2. Our inadequate understanding of the underlying detailed chemical kinetics mechanism (DCKM) of the OCM process, which impedes the undertaking of quantitative simulations of novel reactor configurations and/or operating strategies. To address these issues, we undertook the following program of studies: 1. Further improved the synthesis of novel nanofiber catalysts by electrospinning, building on the early discovery that La2O3-CeO2 nanofibers were highly active and robust OCM catalysts; 2. Applied our novel microprobe sampling system to OCM reactors for the acquisition of spatially resolved species concentration and temperatures profiles within the catalytic zone. Our novel sampling approach led to the important discovery that H2 is produced very early in the OCM catalytic zone, an observation that was completely missed in all prior studies. The application of our novel microprobe system to a dual-bed OCM reactor also demonstrated the feasibility to significantly improve C2+ product yields to 21% (from 16% for single bed) which we plan to further improve by considering more sequential beds; 3. Outlined development and validation of new generation of DCKM for the OCM process using the high-information content of spatial concentration profiles obtained in part 2. Most importantly, to improve the current DCKM literature by considering surface reactions that result in early H2 formation. Validated DCKM represent highly valuable numerical tools that allow for the prediction of the OCM performance of different reactor configurations operating under a broad range of conditions, e.g. high pressures, porous wall reactors etc. Consequently, this new generation of comprehensive DCKM based on the sampling profiles, detailed in this report, will be of considerable use in improving the yields of useful products in the OCM process; 4. Explore novel conditions that include oxygen-feed distributed packed bed OCM reactors and coupled catalytic and non-thermal plasma OCM reactors, again to further push the yields for useful C2+ products. The details of the proposed approach for implementing such reactor configurations and development of a new generation of DCKM for the OCM process is outlined in the future work, Chapter 4, of section 1 of the report. Section 2: Direct catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels and basic chemicals, such as methanol, using solar-derived hydrogen at or near ambient pressure is a highly desirable goal in heterogeneous catalysis. When realized, this technology will pave the way for a sustainable society together with decentralized power generation. Here we report a novel class of holmium (Ho) containing multi-metal oxide Cu catalysts discovered through the application of high-throughput methods. In particular, ternary systems of Cu-GaOx-HoOy > Cu-CeOx-HoOy ~ Cu-LaOx-HoOy supported on -Al2O3 exhibited superior methanol production (10x) with less CO formation than previously reported catalysts at atmospheric pressure. Holmium was shown to be highly dispersed as few-atom clusters, suggesting that the formation of tri-metallic sites could be the key for the promotion of methanol synthesis by Ho.
