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Production Of Activated Carbon From Palm Kernel Shells By Steam Activation
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Book Synopsis Production of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shells by Steam Activation by : Why Kong Hoi
Download or read book Production of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shells by Steam Activation written by Why Kong Hoi and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm kernel shell was carbonised in an indirect pyrolysis reactor at 759 C, and the charcoal crushed, ground and sieved. The granulated shell charcoal was activated at 800 C in an atmosphere of superheated steam. Good palm kernel shell activated carbon with an average CTC and I2 values of 50% and 900 respectively was obtained. Based on a typical production capacity of 1,250 tonnes/ year and current market prices of raw material, labour, factory overheads, the net return of the plant was estimated to be 34.6% to 37.8%. [Author's abstract].
Book Synopsis Production of Activated Carbon from Palm-oil Shell by Pyrolysis and Steam Activation in a Fixed Bed Reactor by : Terachai Suravattanasakul
Download or read book Production of Activated Carbon from Palm-oil Shell by Pyrolysis and Steam Activation in a Fixed Bed Reactor written by Terachai Suravattanasakul and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research objective was to produce activated carbon from palm-oil shells by one step pyrolysis and steam activation in a fixed bed reactor with the diameter of 100 mm. The studied variables were temperatures, times, palm-oil shells sizes and flow rates of air. The results showed that the optimum condition was 1.18-2.36 mm of palm-oil shells at 750 C for 2 hr with air flow rate of 0.72 nl/min, using steam as an activating agent. The characteristics of the resulted activated carbon with the yield of 19.66% were bulk density of 0.5160 g/cm3, 6.03% ash, iodine number of 620.16 mg/g, methylene blue number of 176.75 mg/g and 559.48 m2/g B.E.T. surface area. In addition, it had been found that when there was an adding of pyrolysis time with air before steam activation led to higher porosity development than one step pyrolysis and steam activation. From these experimental data, it was observed that the maximum surface area and adsorption capacity could be obtained from using 200 g of 1.18-2.36 mm of palm-oil shells at 750 C for 3 hr by adding pyrolysis with air for 30 min (0.72 nl/min) before steam activation. The resulting characteristics of the final product with the yield of 12.18% were bulk density of 0.5048 g/cm3, 7.54% ash, iodine number of 766.99 mg/g, methylene blue number of 189.20 mg/g and 669.75 m2/g B.E.T. surface area.
Book Synopsis Review of the Activated Carbon Industry and Scope for Oil Palm Kernel Shell as a Raw Material by : P. Reupke
Download or read book Review of the Activated Carbon Industry and Scope for Oil Palm Kernel Shell as a Raw Material written by P. Reupke and published by Hyperion Books. This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the different raw materials, types and applications of activated carbon, plus the processes involved in the production of various carbons. The scope for the use of oil palm kernel shell as a potential feedstock for activation is considered in detail.
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell by Using Carbon Dioxide Activation for Dichlorodifluoromethane (CCI2F2) Adsorption by : Farah Hanim Md. Isa
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell by Using Carbon Dioxide Activation for Dichlorodifluoromethane (CCI2F2) Adsorption written by Farah Hanim Md. Isa and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell by Using Chemical Activation by : Muhammad Adzim Mazelan
Download or read book Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell by Using Chemical Activation written by Muhammad Adzim Mazelan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oil Palm Shell by : Mohammad Abdul Mannan
Download or read book Oil Palm Shell written by Mohammad Abdul Mannan and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author Biography: Dr. Mohammad Abdul Mannan was born at a simple family of a small village, Aktarpur, Rangiarpota, Jibonnagar, Chuadanga, Bangladesh. He has obtained B.Sc. (Civil Engineering) degree with first class, MSc in Civil Engineering and PhD in Concrete technology. He has started carrier as lecturer at BIT Rajshahi (now RUET), Bangladesh followed by AJP consulting firm, then Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and is now a Professor of Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia. He is the inventor of few construction products. Based on 30 years of experience in teaching, professional practice and research, his vision is to be excellence in research on Innovative Construction Material and Structure. Book Description: Due to a high demand in construction and furniture industries worldwide, natural resources such as stones and wood as non-renewable resources are being depleted. Thus, researchers are focusing on renewable resources as alternative materials. As such, the utilisation of abundant solid wastes and byproducts, which are discharged from agriculture, industry and municipalities present an alternative to the conventional materials for the construction and furniture industries. These solid wastes and byproducts, when properly processed have shown to be effective and can readily meet design specifications. Agricultural solid wastes from oil palm distributors such as Oil Palm Shell (OPS) and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), which are abundant in agro-based countries, present an interesting alternative to the conventional aggregate in lightweight concrete and artificial plank production, respectively. At present, palm oil producing countries are Barkina Faso, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Colombia, Costa Rica, C�te d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Liberia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Venezuela and others. In Malaysia, oil palm plantations cover over 5 million hectares, and annual production of OPS as solid waste from 450 oil palm mills is more than 6 million tons. This large amount of OPS as a renewable green aggregate can contribute to overcoming the over dependence on depletable resources for concrete production. The civil engineering projects are of a larger scale; they need sustainable materials in order to gain a greater momentum of growth. The major technical characteristics of OPS solid waste must be primarily understood before each particular use. Therefore, there is a need to highlight the importance of OPS to be used in the construction industry.
Book Synopsis Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell as an Adsorbent of Paraquat by : Mohosina Bintay Shahjahan
Download or read book Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell as an Adsorbent of Paraquat written by Mohosina Bintay Shahjahan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly Efficient Activated Carbon (HEAC) as an adsorbent of toxins has been successfully produced from palm shell through chemical activation process using phosphoric acid as an activating agent. Palm Kernel shell used as the main raw material for activated carbon production, was purchased from a local oil palm mill in Pahang, Malaysia. Temperature range 550 oC - 650 oC was used during the activation process. The effect of temperature variation on the pore size and surface morphology of the activated carbon were studied. Well developed pore size and low number of functional groups observed on activated carbon at 600 oC were determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier- Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface area and pore volume were determined by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method using N2 gas adsorption. The highest surface area (1287 m2g-1) and pore volume (0.74 cm3 g-1) was observed with sample HEAC-2. The adsorption efficiency of HEAC-2 was studied in vitro for paraquat as toxin using distilled water and NaCl (0.9%) solution. These study shows paraquat was adsorbed more on HEAC-2 in the presence of sodium chloride solution (4.68 mgL-1) than in distilled water (3.62 mgL-1). Furthermore, a comparision was done between HEAC-2 (4.68 mgL-1) and commercially available activated carbon (4.18mg L-1) which proved HEAC-2 is more effective than commercially available activated carbon.
Book Synopsis To Produce the Activated Carbon from Matured Palm Kernel Shell by : Zarifah Nadiah Mohamad Salleh
Download or read book To Produce the Activated Carbon from Matured Palm Kernel Shell written by Zarifah Nadiah Mohamad Salleh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this experiment were to prepare the activated carbon from matured palm kernel shell as a raw material by carbonization and the studied which optimum variables such as temperature, concentration of phosphoric acid and cooling down time are suitable. Activated carbon is a form of carbon that has been processed to make extremely porous and have very large surface area for adsorption and chemical reactions. The matured palm kernel shell is carbonized in a glass furnace at elevation temperature after soaked with H3PO4 acid and cooled down the carbonized activated carbon. Methyl orange are used as an indicator to test the carbonized raw material whether it is activated carbon or common charcoal. The real activated carbon would change the orange solution to a clear solution and the solution of different color is analyzed by using FTIR to check the functional group of methyl orange. The result showed that 1000oC is the optimum temperature to carbonize the raw material and the use of 0.35M 3PO acid with the cooling down time at 30 minutes would give the best adsorption of activated carbon after filtration. From the data obtained by FTIR, the 0.35M H43PO acid has showed that the peak functional group of methyl orange is reduced from first filtration till last filtration. It is recommend that the raw material not to be crushed small than 0.2 mm, because it will effect the adsorption and filtration rate. As a conclusion, The activated carbon has been produced from matured palm kernel shell using glass furnace and The optimum effect of variables have been determined by observation and analysis of FTIR, it is at 100004 C of temperature, by impregnated in 0.35M of Phosphoric acid and cool the activated carbon down in 30 minutes are found to be the optimum variables in producing the activated carbon.
Book Synopsis Bioproducts Processing by : M. A. Hashim
Download or read book Bioproducts Processing written by M. A. Hashim and published by IChemE. This book was released on 1994 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These papers from the 1994 Kuala Lumpur conference on bioproducts processing in the tropics discuss: problems of bioproducts processing with a tropical orientation; the technology of fermentation of tropical products; bio-conversion of waste from tropical materials; and effluent treatment problems.
Book Synopsis Engineering Frontiers by : Azman Ismail
Download or read book Engineering Frontiers written by Azman Ismail and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanocarbon and Its Composites by : Anish Khan
Download or read book Nanocarbon and Its Composites written by Anish Khan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocarbon and Its Composites: Preparation, Properties and Applications provides a detailed and comprehensive review of all major innovations in the field of nanocarbons and their composites, including preparation, properties and applications. Coverage is broad and quite extensive, encouraging future research in carbon-based materials, which are in high demand due to the need to develop more sustainable, recyclable and eco-friendly methods for materials. Chapters are written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the globe who discuss the properties and applications of carbon-based materials, such as nanotubes (buckytubes), fullerenes, cones, horns, rods, foams, nanodiamonds and carbon black, and much more. Chapters provide cutting-edge, up-to-date research findings on the use of carbon-based materials in different application fields and illustrate how to achieve significant enhancements in physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. - Demonstrates systematic approaches and investigations from design, synthesis, characterization and applications of nanocarbon based composites - Aims to compile information on the various aspects of synthesis, properties and applications of nano-carbon based materials - Presents a useful reference and technical guide for university academics and postgraduate students (Masters and Ph.D.)
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbons by : Sharon Monica Mak
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbons written by Sharon Monica Mak and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting the Pore Development in Preparing Highly Porous Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell and Coconut Shell Using Chemical Activation Method by : Mohammad Adil
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Pore Development in Preparing Highly Porous Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell and Coconut Shell Using Chemical Activation Method written by Mohammad Adil and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Oil Shell Using a Fixed Bed Pyrolyser by : Normah Mulop
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Oil Shell Using a Fixed Bed Pyrolyser written by Normah Mulop and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preparation of activated carbon from palm oil shells was caried out in two consecutive steps: carbonization of the raw material at 450 C to the intermediate char which was converted to the activated carbon product via steam gasification at 850 C. For every different variable under study the yield and the specific surface area of the product were determined. The optimum duration of activation was 45 minutes which gave a specific surface area of 710m2/g and a yield of 21%. [Authors' abstract].
Book Synopsis Kinetic Study of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell for Copper Removal by : Nur Hidayu Binti Misran
Download or read book Kinetic Study of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell for Copper Removal written by Nur Hidayu Binti Misran and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of alternative activated carbon has been resolved to replace the costly activated carbon to remove unwanted heavy metals from contaminated water at low cost. Heavy metals are very toxicity and can harm human body. The environmental pollution became increase due to the discharge of wastewater including heavy metals and toxic nature of copper affects water resources. In this study, activated carbon produced locally from palm kernel shell was examined for the copper removal from aqueous solution by using adsorption process. Palm kernel shell not just available to get but inexpensive material that have ash content, fixed carbon, high carbon and low inorganic content. Adsorption studies conducted in completely to shown the ability of the produced activated carbon to remove copper from aqueous solutions in certain range of pH. The investigation was carried out by studying the influence of pH (1-5), adsorbent dosage (0.3-1.5 g) and initial concentration (150-350 mg/L). The result of the study shown that activated carbon from palm kernel shell with large surface area has high percentage capacity of copper removal compared to small surface area. From the result showed that the optimum parameters for maximum removal efficiency were follows as adsorbent dose (1.5 g), pH (5) and initial concentration (150 mg/L). Based on the batch adsorption experiment, the adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model fits better for the present case. While adsorption kinetic indicated that pseudo second order model is the best for the present case.
Book Synopsis Lignocellulosic Precursors Used in the Synthesis of Activated Carbon by : Virginia Hernández Montoya
Download or read book Lignocellulosic Precursors Used in the Synthesis of Activated Carbon written by Virginia Hernández Montoya and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-29 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book discusses the principal lignocellulosic precursors used in the elaboration of activated carbons in different countries such as Asia, America, Europe and Africa; the different methods and experimental conditions employed in the synthesis of activated carbons, including one analysis of the principal stages of the preparation such as carbonization and activation (i.e., chemical or physical activation). Also, the recent and more specialized techniques used in the characterization of activated carbons are discussed in this book. For example, the techniques employed to determine textural parameters (mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption isotherms at 77 K) and different spectroscopies to determine chemical functionality (Raman, FT-IR, etc.) and other X-Ray techniques. Additionally, an overview of the application of activated carbons obtained from lignocellulosic precursors for wastewater treatment. Specifically, the analysis and discussion are focused on the advantages and capabilities of activated carbons for the removal of relevant toxic compounds and pollutants from water such as heavy metals, dyes, phenol, etc. Finally, the use of pyrolysis method for the valorization of two Mexican typical agricultural wastes (orange peel and pecan nut shell) for energy and carbon production is considered in this book.
Book Synopsis Coal Gasification and Its Applications by : David A. Bell
Download or read book Coal Gasification and Its Applications written by David A. Bell and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.• Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes • Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes • Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products • Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books - Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes - Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes - Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books
