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Product Innovation By Incumbent Firms In Developing Economies
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Book Synopsis Product Innovation by Incumbent Firms in Developing Economies: the Roles of Research and Development Expenditures, Trade Policy, and the Investment Climate by : Daniel Lederman
Download or read book Product Innovation by Incumbent Firms in Developing Economies: the Roles of Research and Development Expenditures, Trade Policy, and the Investment Climate written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A model of firm innovation illustrates the effects of the threat of imitation and product varieties on a representative firm's decision to invest in research and development to produce new product varieties. The model motivates two empirical questions: (1) Is research and development partially correlated with firms' propensity to introduce new products or product innovation in developing countries? (2) Do trade policies and the national investment climate affect firms' propensity for product innovation? The econometric evidence suggests that the answers are yes and yes, but the investment climate affects product innovation in a manner that is consistent with the presence of market failures and state capture. National trade-policy distortions appear to reduce the probability of product innovation, and the density of exporting firms at the national level also seems to positively affect the propensity to introduce new products by individual firms. The paper discusses some policy implications.
Book Synopsis Product Innovation By Incumbent Firms In Developing Economies by : Daniel Lederman
Download or read book Product Innovation By Incumbent Firms In Developing Economies written by Daniel Lederman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Product Innovation by Incumbent Firms in Developing Economies by : Daniel Lederman
Download or read book Product Innovation by Incumbent Firms in Developing Economies written by Daniel Lederman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model of firm innovation illustrates the effects of the threat of imitation and product varieties on a representative firm's decision to invest in research and development to produce new product varieties. The model motivates two empirical questions: (1) Is research and development partially correlated with firms'propensity to introduce new products or product innovation in developing countries? (2) Do trade policies and the national investment climate affect firms'propensity for product innovation? The econometric evidence suggests that the answers are yes and yes, but the investment climate affects product innovation in a manner that is consistent with the presence of market failures and state capture. National trade-policy distortions appear to reduce the probability of product innovation, and the density of exporting firms at the national level also seems to positively affect the propensity to introduce new products by individual firms. The paper discusses some policy implications.
Book Synopsis The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth by : Michael J Andrews
Download or read book The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth written by Michael J Andrews and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Innovation and entrepreneurship are ubiquitous today, both as fields of study and as starting points for conversations among experts in government and economic development. But while these areas on continue to attract public and private investments, many measurements of their resulting economic growth-including productivity growth and business dynamism-have remained modest. Why this difference? Because not all business sectors are the same, and the transformative gains of some industries have been offset by stagnation or contraction in others. Accordingly, a nuanced understanding of the economy requires a nuanced understanding of where innovation and entrepreneurship occur and where they matter. Answering these questions allows for strategic public investment and the infrastructure for economic growth.The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth, the latest entry in the NBER conference series, seeks to codify these answers. The editors leverage industry studies to identify specific examples of productivity improvements enabled by innovation and entrepreneurship, including those from new production technologies, increased competition, new organizational forms, and other means. Taken together, the volume illuminates whether the contribution of innovation and entrepreneurship to economic growth is likely to be concentrated, be it selected sectors or more broadly"--
Book Synopsis Disruptive Innovation in Chinese and Indian Businesses by : Peter Ping Li
Download or read book Disruptive Innovation in Chinese and Indian Businesses written by Peter Ping Li and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid development of China and India as new economic powers in global competition, an obvious question is whether these emerging economies are great opportunities or threats. Whilst answers are bound to differ depending on one’s perspective, it is increasingly clear that more local firms, especially local entrepreneurs, from these emerging economies will play a more critical role in global competition by becoming challengers to global incumbents. Indeed, the fact that the majority of their populations are at the bottom of the pyramid, and thus cannot afford products designed for the developed markets, has made these emerging economies fertile ground for developing and applying disruptive innovations. A novel mix of key attributes distinctive from those of established technologies or business models, disruptive innovations are typically inferior, yet affordable and "good-enough" products or services, which originate in lower-end market segments, but later move up to compete with those provided by incumbent firms. This book sheds new light on disruptive innovations both from and for the bottom of the pyramid in China and India, from the point of view of local entrepreneurs and international firms seeking to operate their businesses there. It covers both the theoretical and practical implications of disruptive innovation using conceptual frameworks alongside detailed case studies, whilst also providing a comparison of conditions and strategic options in India and China. Further, unlike existing studies, this book focuses on the neglected perspective of local challengers as the primary players, and in doing so reveals the extent to which the future landscape of global competition may be shaped by disruptive innovation, as well as its capacity to make the world "flatter" and more sustainable. This unique book will be valuable to both scholars and practitioners interested in disruptive innovation and those working in the fields of Asian studies, international business, economics and globalization.
Book Synopsis Product Innovation of an Incumbent Firm by : Verena Hagspiel
Download or read book Product Innovation of an Incumbent Firm written by Verena Hagspiel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In case of a product innovation firms start producing a new product. While doing so, such a firm should decide what to do with its existing product after the firm has innovated. Essentially it can choose between replacing the established product by the new one, or keep on producing the established product so that it produces two products at the same time. The aim of this paper is to design a theoretical framework to analyze this problem. Due to technological progress the quality of the newest available technology, and thus the quality of the innovative product that can be produced by this technology, increases over time. The implication is that a later innovation enables the firm to produce a better innovative product. So, typically the firm faces the tradeoff between innovating fast, which boosts its profits soon but only by a small amount, or innovating later, which leads to a larger payoff increase. The drawback here is that the firm is stuck with producing the established product for a longer time. We fund that a highly uncertain economic environment makes the firm delay abolishing the old product market. But if the innovative market is more volatile, the firm enters the market sooner, provided it will be active on the old market, at least for some time. Moreover, the smaller the initial demand for the innovative product market, the better the quality of the innovative product needs to be for the product innovation to be optimal.
Book Synopsis Waves of Creative Destruction by : Jeremy C. Stein
Download or read book Waves of Creative Destruction written by Jeremy C. Stein and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a model of repeated innovation with knowledge spillovers. The model's novel feature is that firms compete on two dimensions: 1) product quality or cost, where one firm's innovation ultimately spills over to other firms; and 2) distribution costs, where there are no spillovers across firms and where incumbent firms' existing customer bases give them a competitive advantage over would- be entrants. Customer bases have two important consequences: 1) they can in some circumstances dramatically reduce the long-run average level of innovation; 2) they lead to endogenous bunching, or waves, in innovative activity.
Book Synopsis Marketing As Strategy by : Nirmalya Kumar
Download or read book Marketing As Strategy written by Nirmalya Kumar and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2004-05-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CEOs are more than frustrated by marketing's inability to deliver results. Has the profession lost its relevance? Nirmalya Kumar argues that, although the function of marketing has lost ground, the importance of marketing as a mind-set--geared toward customer focus and market orientation--has gained momentum across the entire organization. This book challenges marketers to change their role from implementers of traditional marketing functions to strategic coordinators of organization-wide initiatives aimed at profitably delivering value to customers. Kumar outlines seven cross-functional and bottom-line-oriented initiatives that can put marketing back on the CEO's agenda--and elevate its role in shaping the destiny of the firm.
Book Synopsis Latin American Entrepreneurs by : Daniel Lederman
Download or read book Latin American Entrepreneurs written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship is a fundamental driver of growth, development, and job creation. While Latin America and the Caribbean has a wealth of entrepreneurs, firms in the region, compared to those in other regions, are small in size and less likely to grow or innovate. Productivity growth has remained lackluster for decades, including during the recent commodity boom. Enhancing the creation of good jobs and accelerating productivity growth in the region will require dynamic entrepreneurs. Latin American Entrepreneurs: Many Firms but Little Innovation studies the landscape of entrepreneurship in Latin America and the Caribbean. Utilizing new datasets that cover issues such as firm creation, firm dynamics, export decisions, and the behavior of multinational corporations, the book synthesizes the results of a comprehensive analysis of the status, prospects, and challenges of entrepreneurship in the region. Useful tools and information are provided to help policy makers and practitioners identify policy areas governments can explore to enhance innovation and encourage high-growth, transformational entrepreneurship.
Book Synopsis How Disruptive Will Innovations from Emerging Markets Be? by : Constantinos Markides
Download or read book How Disruptive Will Innovations from Emerging Markets Be? written by Constantinos Markides and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Companies located in developing countries are currently serving billions of local consumers with innovative and inexpensive products. Author Constantinos C. Markides poses the question of what happens when more of those companies make the leap into more developed markets. Is it inevitable that these low-end companies will overtake the more developed companies? Markides examines and explores the "The Disruption Process" in the marketplace. To begin with, to be disruptive, a product has to meet two conditions: it must start out as inferior in terms of the performance that existing customers expect, but superior in price. As a result, existing customers will initially ignore it, but other customers (usually non consumers of the incumbent products) will be attracted by its low price. Then, for a product to truly become disruptive, it must evolve to become "good enough" in performance (attracting mainstream customers from the earlier generation of incumbent products) while at the same time remaining superior in price. In other words, it must become "good enough" in performance and superior in price. Using historical examples, Markides looks at how disruptors and incumbents manage competition in the marketplace. Whether low-cost innovations from emerging countries end up disrupting markets in developed countries depends not only on whether the disruptors succeed in putting in place an innovative business model that supports their cost advantage but also on how aggressively the incumbents respond. For incumbents, knowing that much of their fate rests in their hands is half the battle won.
Book Synopsis International Multilevel Analysis of Product Innovation by : Daniel Lederman
Download or read book International Multilevel Analysis of Product Innovation written by Daniel Lederman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Diversity of Emerging Capitalisms in Developing Countries by : Eric Rougier
Download or read book The Diversity of Emerging Capitalisms in Developing Countries written by Eric Rougier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results of a collective and original empirical investigation of the institutional systems underlying the capitalisms that are coming to the fore in developing nations. While varieties of industrialized countries’ capitalisms are extensively scrutinized, those of developing countries’ capitalisms are far less documented. By implementing a unified and original comparative approach based on the institutional complementarity theory, the different contributors of the book find evidence for the originality and heterogeneity of the forms of capitalism to be observed in developing countries. This text analyses capitalist systems as clusters of sectoral institutions and regulations, identifying differences between these clusters in a large sample of emerging and developing countries. Rougier and Combarnous bring together contributions answering the following questions: What are these clusters of institutions underlying emerging capitalisms? Are there common or specific patterns of institutional clustering across countries and what are the main characteristics of the varieties of capitalism they shape? What are their main long-term determinants? Are there specific patterns of economic outcome associated with these clusters? Can different forms of institutional complementarity be observed? How can we analyse institutional reform from this perspective?
Book Synopsis Radical Product Innovation in Network Economies by : Philipp Leutiger
Download or read book Radical Product Innovation in Network Economies written by Philipp Leutiger and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2002-07-24 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The focus of this thesis is set on radical product introductions in network markets. It appears that these have to overcome significant impediments to reach critical mass in the form of network externalities. A literature overview of economic analysis in this field, including network types, value of networks, path dependencies and lock-ins, as well as a detailed critique of these frameworks, is provided. We then discuss several possible avenues to overcome these challenges, some of which relate to the optimal boundaries of the firm, as well as some which attempt to tackle market externalities. From these, a market based framework will be developed as a guideline for radical product introductions into network economies. We analyse business cases in light of this framework in a selection of historic examples. In addition, as we find that contradictory arguments abound in chapter three, a second approach is proposed tentatively as basis for further research. Besides it s theoretic approach this thesis also provides real world examples from different geographic areas, such as the U.S., Europe and Japan. A special emphasis will be put on the market of payment solutions now emerging in Europe, and, in particular, on the German start-up Paybox.net AG. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: ContentsI AcknowledgementsIII List of FiguresIV List of TablesV List of AbbreviationsVI List of SymbolsIX AbstractX 1.Introduction1 1.1The Business Challenge1 1.2Scope and Outline of this Thesis2 1.3Establishing an M-Payment System: The Story of Paybox.net AG4 2.The Environment: Impediments for Product Introductions6 2.1Chapter Overview6 2.2Radical Innovations and Network Economies6 Introducing a Radical Innovation6 An Introduction to Networks10 Types of Networks14 Value of Networks18 2.3"New Economics"21 Increasing Returns21 Commitment and Lock-In22 New Rules?25 2.4Market Environment for Payment Systems31 Success Factors for Payment Systems31 Cashless Payment Processes33 Potential Innovators in the Payment Arena34 Summary: Payment Systems and the Theories of "New Economics"38 3.Remedies: Tackling Network Externalities40 3.1Chapter Overview40 3.2The Radical Innovator41 The Vertical Silo41 The Atomizer42 The Independent Team44 3.3Market Success Factors46 Open System Strategies versus Proprietary Network Control46 Focusing on Niche Markets51 Expectations Management53 Favorable Resource Allocation to [...]
Book Synopsis Interpreting TRIPS by : Hiroko Yamane
Download or read book Interpreting TRIPS written by Hiroko Yamane and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) has become a global issue. The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Agreement outlines the minimum standards for IPR protection for WTO members and offers a global regime for IPR protection. However, the benefits of TRIPS are more questionable in poorer countries where national infrastructure for research and development (R&D) and social protection are inadequate, whereas the cost of innovation is high. Today, after more than a decade of intense debate over global IPR protection, the problems remain acute, although there is also evidence of progress and cooperation. This book examines various views of the role of IPRs as incentives for innovation against the backdrop of development and the transfer of technology between globalised, knowledge-based, high technology economies. The book retraces the origins, content and interpretations of the TRIPS Agreement, including its interpretations by WTO dispute settlement organs. It also analyses sources of controversy over IPRs, examining pharmaceutical industry strategies of emerging countries with different IPR policies. The continuing international debate over IPRs is examined in depth, as are TRIPS rules and the controversy about implementing the 'flexibilities' of the Agreement in the light of national policy objectives. The author concludes that for governments in developing countries, as well as for their business and scientific communities, a great deal depends on domestic policy objectives and their implementation. IPR protection should be supporting domestic policies for innovation and investment. This, in turn requires a re-casting of the debate about TRIPS, to place cooperation in global and efficient R&D at the heart of concerns over IPR protection.
Book Synopsis Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development by : Nicholas A Ashford
Download or read book Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development written by Nicholas A Ashford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development offers a unified, transdisciplinary approach for transforming the industrial state in order to promote sustainable development. The authors present a deep analysis of the ways that industrial states – both developed and developing – are currently unsustainable and how economic and social welfare are related to the environment, to public health and safety, and to earning capacity and meaningful and rewarding employment. The authors offer multipurpose solutions to the sustainability challenge that integrate industrial development, employment, technology, environment, national and international law, trade, finance, and public and worker health and safety. The authors present a compelling wake-up call that warns of the collision course set between the current paths of continued growth and inevitable unsustainability in the world today. Offering clear examples and real solutions, this textbook illustrates how the driving forces that are currently promoting unsustainability can be refocused and redesigned to reverse course and improve the state of the world. This book is essential reading for those teaching and studying sustainable development and the critical roles of the economy, employment, and the environment.
Book Synopsis An East Asian Renaissance by : Indermit Singh Gill
Download or read book An East Asian Renaissance written by Indermit Singh Gill and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An East Asian Renaissance, by a World Bank team led by Chief Economist for East Asia & Pacific, Dr Homi Kharas and Economic Adviser, Dr Indermit Gill is the first comprehensive analysis of the new forces and challenges at play in the region since the Bank's seminal report of 1993, The East Asian Miracle. The report argues that regional flows of goods, finance and technology are helping even smaller East Asian countries reap the benefits of economies of scale and that this regional integration must be encouraged. But it also points out that these measures have to be supported by actions at the domestic level to ease the stresses and strains that rapid economic growth leaves in its wake. East Asia must now turn to the urgent domestic challenges of inequality, social cohesion, corruption and environmental degradation arising from its economic success.
Book Synopsis Winning Strategies in a Deconstructing World by : Rudi K. F. Bresser
Download or read book Winning Strategies in a Deconstructing World written by Rudi K. F. Bresser and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-12-19 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the nineteenth century saw the construction of the vertically integrated value chains that came to define modern business. The end of the twentieth century witnessed their deconstruction. In industries across the economy, markets are intruding on the web of proprietary arrangements that have held these chains together. As they do, the boundaries defining business, companies and industries are coming under attack - radically transforming the nature of competition. Powerful forces, such as globalization and deregulation, are undermining the logic and practice of traditional vertical integration, but the most powerful - partly because it acts as catalyst and an accelerator - is a revolution in the economics of information. This shift in information economics is giving birth to a myriad of new strategic options The consequences of deconstruction for the strategic management of the firm - as well as for the firm itself - are dramatic. Deconstruction forces a fundamental rethinking of some of the basic principles of strategy which will impact on the concepts of the portfolio, forms of organizational structure, styles of leadership, mechanisms for acquiring and managing knowledge and approaches to uncertainty and risk. This, the latest volume in the Strategic Management Series, explores the implications of the value chain deconstruction for strategy, the changes in strategic thinking and the action necessary to cope with the challenges and opportunities. Bringing together contributions from key figures in the field of strategy in both practice and academia, this book, as with other books in the series, addresses the ideas and issues at the forefront of strategic management theory and practice.
