Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes

Download Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030451682
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes by : Stefan Heinrich

Download or read book Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes written by Stefan Heinrich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-20 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances in flowsheet simulation of solids processes, focusing on the dynamic behaviour of systems with interconnected solids processing units, but also covering stationary simulation. The book includes the modelling of solids processing units, for example for comminution, sifting and particle formulation and also for reaction systems. Furthermore, it examines new approaches for the description of solids and their property distributions and for the mathematical treatment of flowsheets with multivariate population balances.

Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization

Download Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783036500973
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization by : Jean-Pierre Corriou

Download or read book Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization written by Jean-Pierre Corriou and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a series of articles devoted to modeling, simulation, and optimization of processes, mainly chemical. General methods for process modeling and numerical simulation are described with flowsheeting. Population balances are addressed in detail with application to crystal production; energy saving is frequently optimized, including exergy analysis. The coupling between process simulation and computational fluid dynamics is studied for air classification and bubble columns. Pressure swing adsorption, reactive distillation, and nanofiltration are explained in general and applied to particular processes. The synthesis of carbon dots is solved by the design of experiments method. A safety study addresses the consequences of gas explosion.

21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering

Download 21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 044453895X
Total Pages : 2087 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis 21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by : E. N. Pistikopoulos

Download or read book 21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by E. N. Pistikopoulos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-21 with total page 2087 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) series presents the latest innovations and achievements of leading professionals from the industrial and academic communities. The ESCAPE series serves as a forum for engineers, scientists, researchers, managers and students to present and discuss progress being made in the area of computer aided process engineering (CAPE). European industries large and small are bringing innovations into our lives, whether in the form of new technologies to address environmental problems, new products to make our homes more comfortable and energy efficient or new therapies to improve the health and well being of European citizens. Moreover, the European Industry needs to undertake research and technological initiatives in response to humanity's "Grand Challenges," described in the declaration of Lund, namely, Global Warming, Tightening Supplies of Energy, Water and Food, Ageing Societies, Public Health, Pandemics and Security. Thus, the Technical Theme of ESCAPE 21 will be "Process Systems Approaches for Addressing Grand Challenges in Energy, Environment, Health, Bioprocessing & Nanotechnologies."

Chemical Engineering Design

Download Chemical Engineering Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080966608
Total Pages : 1321 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chemical Engineering Design by : Gavin Towler

Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors

Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Process and Energy Systems

Download Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Process and Energy Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118121147
Total Pages : 798 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Process and Energy Systems by : F. Carl Knopf

Download or read book Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Process and Energy Systems written by F. Carl Knopf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-14 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy costs impact the profitability of virtually all industrial processes. Stressing how plants use power, and how that power is actually generated, this book provides a clear and simple way to understand the energy usage in various processes, as well as methods for optimizing these processes using practical hands-on simulations and a unique approach that details solved problems utilizing actual plant data. Invaluable information offers a complete energy-saving approach essential for both the chemical and mechanical engineering curricula, as well as for practicing engineers.

Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications

Download Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119311438
Total Pages : 631 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications by : Juma Haydary

Download or read book Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications written by Juma Haydary and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and example oriented text for the study of chemical process design and simulation Chemical Process Design and Simulation is an accessible guide that offers information on the most important principles of chemical engineering design and includes illustrative examples of their application that uses simulation software. A comprehensive and practical resource, the text uses both Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys simulation software. The author describes the basic methodologies for computer aided design and offers a description of the basic steps of process simulation in Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys. The text reviews the design and simulation of individual simple unit operations that includes a mathematical model of each unit operation such as reactors, separators, and heat exchangers. The author also explores the design of new plants and simulation of existing plants where conventional chemicals and material mixtures with measurable compositions are used. In addition, to aid in comprehension, solutions to examples of real problems are included. The final section covers plant design and simulation of processes using nonconventional components. This important resource: Includes information on the application of both the Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys software that enables a comparison of the two software systems Combines the basic theoretical principles of chemical process and design with real-world examples Covers both processes with conventional organic chemicals and processes with more complex materials such as solids, oil blends, polymers and electrolytes Presents examples that are solved using a new version of Aspen software, ASPEN One 9 Written for students and academics in the field of process design, Chemical Process Design and Simulation is a practical and accessible guide to the chemical process design and simulation using proven software.

Product and Process Design

Download Product and Process Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311078212X
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Product and Process Design by : Jan Harmsen

Download or read book Product and Process Design written by Jan Harmsen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-05-20 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Product and process design - driving sustainable innovation" is the 2nd edition of a comprehensive textbook for product and process design courses at BSc, MSc, EngD, and PhD level. It covers both heuristics based design methods as well as systems engineering approaches. It contains specific methods to co-design products and processes, so that both designs are better than when these designs are made separately. This integrated combination makes the book unique. For making designs that contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations specific methods are provided for the People, Planet, and Prosperity dimensions. This second edition of the book includes examples and exercises for each design method, which makes it very suitable for teaching purposes. The book is furthermore of interest to industrial process and product developers for many industry branches as it provides methods for design, modelling, and experimental validation for each innovation stage. It is also very useful for R&D managers as it provides guidelines for essential activities in each innovation stage (discovery, concept, feasibility, development, detailed engineering), leading to successful implementations of new processes and new products.

Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering

Download Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319148125
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering by : Iván Darío Gil Chaves

Download or read book Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering written by Iván Darío Gil Chaves and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-27 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive coverage of process simulation and flowsheeting, useful for undergraduate students of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering as theoretical and practical support in Process Design, Process Simulation, Process Engineering, Plant Design, and Process Control courses. The main concepts related to process simulation and application tools are presented and discussed in the framework of typical problems found in engineering design. The topics presented in the chapters are organized in an inductive way, starting from the more simplistic simulations up to some complex problems.

Learn Aspen Plus in 24 Hours

Download Learn Aspen Plus in 24 Hours PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 1260116468
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (61 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Learn Aspen Plus in 24 Hours by : Thomas A. Adams

Download or read book Learn Aspen Plus in 24 Hours written by Thomas A. Adams and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. This self-learning guide shows how to start using Aspen Plus to solve chemical engineering problems quickly and easily Discover how to solve challenging chemical engineering problems with Aspen Plus—in just 24 hours, and with no prior experience. Developed at McMaster University over a seven-year period, the book features visual guides to using detailed mathematical models for a wide range of chemical process equipment, including heat exchangers, pumps, compressors, turbines, distillation columns, absorbers, strippers, and chemical reactors. Learn Aspen Plus in 24 Hours shows, step-by-step, how to configure and use Aspen Plus v9.0 and apply its powerful features to the design, operation, and optimization of safe, profitable manufacturing facilities. You will learn how to build process models and accurately simulate those models without performing tedious calculations. Divided into 12 two-hour lessons, the guide offers downloadable Aspen Plus simulation files and visual step-by-step guides. • Contains a valuable index that lists software icons and commands used in the book • Features helpful and time-saving links to instructional videos and technical content • Instructs how to integrate your simulation with other supporting software such as Aspen Capital Cost Estimator, Aspen Energy Analyzer, and Microsoft Excel • Written by an Aspen Plus power-user and leading researcher in chemical process simulations

Simulation and Optimization in Process Engineering

Download Simulation and Optimization in Process Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323850448
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Simulation and Optimization in Process Engineering by : Michael Bortz

Download or read book Simulation and Optimization in Process Engineering written by Michael Bortz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-16 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation and Optimization in Process Engineering: The Benefit of Mathematical Methods in Applications of the Process Industry brings together examples where the successful transfer of progress made in mathematical simulation and optimization has led to innovations in an industrial context that created substantial benefit. Containing introductory accounts on scientific progress in the most relevant topics of process engineering (substance properties, simulation, optimization, optimal control and real time optimization), the examples included illustrate how such scientific progress has been transferred to innovations that delivered a measurable impact, covering details of the methods used, and more. With each chapter bringing together expertise from academia and industry, this book is the first of its kind, providing demonstratable insights. - Recent mathematical methods are transformed into industrially relevant innovations. - Covers recent progress in mathematical simulation and optimization in a process engineering context with chapters written by experts from both academia and industry - Provides insight into challenges in industry aiming for a digitized world.

Process Modelling and Simulation

Download Process Modelling and Simulation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039214551
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Process Modelling and Simulation by : César de Prada

Download or read book Process Modelling and Simulation written by César de Prada and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-09-23 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since process models are nowadays ubiquitous in many applications, the challenges and alternatives related to their development, validation, and efficient use have become more apparent. In addition, the massive amounts of both offline and online data available today open the door for new applications and solutions. However, transforming data into useful models and information in the context of the process industry or of bio-systems requires specific approaches and considerations such as new modelling methodologies incorporating the complex, stochastic, hybrid and distributed nature of many processes in particular. The same can be said about the tools and software environments used to describe, code, and solve such models for their further exploitation. Going well beyond mere simulation tools, these advanced tools offer a software suite built around the models, facilitating tasks such as experiment design, parameter estimation, model initialization, validation, analysis, size reduction, discretization, optimization, distributed computation, co-simulation, etc. This Special Issue collects novel developments in these topics in order to address the challenges brought by the use of models in their different facets, and to reflect state of the art developments in methods, tools and industrial applications.

Download  PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080962319
Total Pages : 3685 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis by :

Download or read book written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on with total page 3685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Simulations for Design and Manufacturing

Download Simulations for Design and Manufacturing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811085188
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Simulations for Design and Manufacturing by : Uday S. Dixit

Download or read book Simulations for Design and Manufacturing written by Uday S. Dixit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on numerical simulations of manufacturing processes, discussing the use of numerical simulation techniques for design and analysis of the components and the manufacturing systems. Experimental studies on manufacturing processes are costly, time consuming and limited to the facilities available. Numerical simulations can help study the process at a faster rate and for a wide range of process conditions. They also provide good prediction accuracy and deeper insights into the process. The simulation models do not require any pre-simulation, experimental or analytical results, making them highly suitable and widely used for the reliable prediction of process outcomes. The book is based on selected proceedings of AIMTDR 2016. The chapters discuss topics relating to various simulation techniques, such as computational fluid dynamics, heat flow, thermo-mechanical analysis, molecular dynamics, multibody dynamic analysis, and operational modal analysis. These simulation techniques are used to: 1) design the components, 2) to investigate the effect of critical process parameters on the process outcome, 3) to explore the physics of the process, 4) to analyse the feasibility of the process or design, and 5) to optimize the process. A wide range of advanced manufacturing processes are covered, including friction stir welding, electro-discharge machining, electro-chemical machining, magnetic pulse welding, milling with MQL (minimum quantity lubrication), electromagnetic cladding, abrasive flow machining, incremental sheet forming, ultrasonic assisted turning, TIG welding, and laser sintering. This book will be useful to researchers and professional engineers alike.

Optimization of Process Flowsheets through Metaheuristic Techniques

Download Optimization of Process Flowsheets through Metaheuristic Techniques PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319917226
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Optimization of Process Flowsheets through Metaheuristic Techniques by : José María Ponce-Ortega

Download or read book Optimization of Process Flowsheets through Metaheuristic Techniques written by José María Ponce-Ortega and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents a general multi-objective optimization framework for optimizing chemical processes by implementing a link between process simulators and metaheuristic techniques. The proposed approach is general and shows how to implement links between different process simulators such as Aspen Plus®, HYSIS®, Super Pro Designer® linked to a variety of metaheuristic techniques implemented in Matlab®, Excel®, C++, and others, eliminating the numerical complications through the optimization process. Furthermore, the proposed framework allows the use of thermodynamic, design and constitutive equations implemented in the process simulator to implement any process. Aimed at graduate and undergraduate students, it presents introductory chapters for process simulators and metaheuristic optimization techniques and provides several worked exercises as well as proposed exercises. In addition, accompanying tutorial videos clearly explaining the implemented methodologies are available online. Also, some Matlab® routines are included as electronic supporting material.

Energy Optimization in Process Systems

Download Energy Optimization in Process Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008091442X
Total Pages : 771 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Energy Optimization in Process Systems by : Stanislaw Sieniutycz

Download or read book Energy Optimization in Process Systems written by Stanislaw Sieniutycz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-05-06 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the vast research on energy optimization and process integration, there has to date been no synthesis linking these together. This book fills the gap, presenting optimization and integration in energy and process engineering. The content is based on the current literature and includes novel approaches developed by the authors. Various thermal and chemical systems (heat and mass exchangers, thermal and water networks, energy converters, recovery units, solar collectors, and separators) are considered. Thermodynamics, kinetics and economics are used to formulate and solve problems with constraints on process rates, equipment size, environmental parameters, and costs. Comprehensive coverage of dynamic optimization of energy conversion systems and separation units is provided along with suitable computational algorithms for deterministic and stochastic optimization approaches based on: nonlinear programming, dynamic programming, variational calculus, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory, Pontryagin's maximum principles, and special methods of process integration. Integration of heat energy and process water within a total site is shown to be a significant factor reducing production costs, in particular costs of utilities for the chemical industry. This integration involves systematic design and optimization of heat exchangers and water networks (HEN and WN). After presenting basic, insight-based Pinch Technology, systematic, optimization-based sequential and simultaneous approaches to design HEN and WN are described. Special consideration is given to the HEN design problem targeting stage, in view of its importance at various levels of system design. Selected, advanced methods for HEN synthesis and retrofit are presented. For WN design a novel approach based on stochastic optimization is described that accounts for both grassroot and revamp design scenarios. - Presents a unique synthesis of energy optimization and process integration that applies scientific information from thermodynamics, kinetics, and systems theory - Discusses engineering applications including power generation, resource upgrading, radiation conversion and chemical transformation, in static and dynamic systems - Clarifies how to identify thermal and chemical constraints and incorporate them into optimization models and solutions

Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells

Download Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081025580
Total Pages : 814 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells by : Stanislaw Sieniutycz

Download or read book Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells written by Stanislaw Sieniutycz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells, Third Edition covers the optimization and integration of energy systems, with a particular focus on fuel cell technology. With rising energy prices, imminent energy shortages, and the increasing environmental impacts of energy production, energy optimization and systems integration is critically important. The book applies thermodynamics, kinetics and economics to study the effect of equipment size, environmental parameters, and economic factors on optimal power production and heat integration. Author Stanislaw Sieniutycz, highly recognized for his expertise and teaching, shows how costs can be substantially reduced, particularly in utilities common in the chemical industry. This third edition contains substantial revisions and modifications, with new material on catalytic reactors, sorption systems, sorbent or catalyst regenerators, dryers, and more. - Presents a unified approach to the optimization and integration of energy systems - Includes a large number of examples treating dynamical systems - Provides exposition showing the power of thermodynamics - Contains a large number of maximum power analyses and their extensions

Engineering Design Optimization

Download Engineering Design Optimization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110898861X
Total Pages : 653 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Engineering Design Optimization by : Joaquim R. R. A. Martins

Download or read book Engineering Design Optimization written by Joaquim R. R. A. Martins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on course-tested material, this rigorous yet accessible graduate textbook covers both fundamental and advanced optimization theory and algorithms. It covers a wide range of numerical methods and topics, including both gradient-based and gradient-free algorithms, multidisciplinary design optimization, and uncertainty, with instruction on how to determine which algorithm should be used for a given application. It also provides an overview of models and how to prepare them for use with numerical optimization, including derivative computation. Over 400 high-quality visualizations and numerous examples facilitate understanding of the theory, and practical tips address common issues encountered in practical engineering design optimization and how to address them. Numerous end-of-chapter homework problems, progressing in difficulty, help put knowledge into practice. Accompanied online by a solutions manual for instructors and source code for problems, this is ideal for a one- or two-semester graduate course on optimization in aerospace, civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering departments.