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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9786026662095
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Proceeding Jakarta Geopolitical Forum 2017 written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Prof. Dr. Ir. Bondan Tiara Sofyan, M.Si, [et al.]
Publisher : Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional RI
ISBN 13 : 6026662138
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (266 download)
Download or read book PROCEEDING THE JAKARTA GEOPOLITICAL FORUM (JGF) VI/ 2022 GEO-MARITIME: CHASING THE FUTURE OF GLOBAL STABILITY written by Prof. Dr. Ir. Bondan Tiara Sofyan, M.Si, [et al.] and published by Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional RI. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Jakarta Geopolitical Forum VI 2022 hosted by Lemhannas RI (The National Resilence Institute of the Republic of Indonesia) on 24-25 August 2022 specified to focus on geopolitical matters as the implementation of critical thinking and the development of new ideas and strategic thinking which are the annual routine of The The National Resilence Institute of the Republic of Indonesia based on its main tasks and functions as The School of Geopolitics. The Security game power and global economic powerhouse in on-going hegemonic transition will have an impact on possible changes in the international order. Maritime will be the dominant competition arena, with dynaics that are challenging to take into account. The challenge of maintaining the status-quo and revival of revisionist will arise when the use of force in maritime power will include the struggle for the sake of resources and technology for power. Defeating the multipolar forces is inevitable which causes hegemony to be unable to build global stability. Furthermore, the recasting of global order in the era of strategic reality has implications far beyond the power-shift by the rise of China and the fall of the United States (The US) supremacy. Based on that, the theme of JGF VI/2022 is "Geo Maritime: Chasing the Future of Global Stability." The purposes of the theme are to understand are to understand the cotemporary geo-maritime context that emerge power to upcoming geopolitical issues, to explore the maritime-based geopolitics and its global impact. Whereas the objectives is to structure a design of relations among geopolitical actors in achieving a balancing that comes to the global stability.
Author : Prof. Dr. Ir. Bondan Tiara Sofyan, M.Si. dkk
Publisher : Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional RI
ISBN 13 : 602666212X
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (266 download)
Download or read book Proceeding Jakarta Geopolitical Forum V / 2021 written by Prof. Dr. Ir. Bondan Tiara Sofyan, M.Si. dkk and published by Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional RI. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jakarta Geopolitical Forum V/ 2021 (JGF V/2021) organized by Lemhannas RI (National Resilience Institute of the Republic of Indonesia) on 21-22 October 2021. The forum is held annually and aimed to explore the implementation of critical thinking and the development of new ideas and strategic thingking which are the annual routine agenda of the Deputy for Strategic Studies of Lemhannas RI based on its main tasks and functions. Today's global civilization is evolving to determine its identity and is rapidly reaching a tipping point that will decide whether it will lead to a new or divided civilization. The vulnerability of mankind is a significant threat to the development of civilization in the future. An increasingly interconnected global civilization will emerge as a result of the interwoven culture of nations around the world and vice versa. The question that needs attention is whether Indonesia is able to adapt to the changes in existing civilizations or we can prevent various unexpected civilization possibilities in the future as well as the capabilily of Indonesia to bridge the gap between civilizations. Based on that, the theme of JGF V/ 2021 is "Culture and Civilization: Humanity at the Crossroads". The objectives to be achieved in organizing JGF V/2021 are to understand the form of future civilization, especially the socio-culture structure of the world's humans, to find out how far the culture and civilization of a nation is maintained in the midst of changes that occur, the mindset to adapt to the new civilization environment and knowing the extent of the correlation between the influence and change of civilization conveyed by world geopolitical experts from various countries.
Author : Andrew Scobell
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1977404200
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (774 download)
Download or read book China’s Grand Strategy written by Andrew Scobell and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.
Author : Aynura Valiyeva & Thomas Basil John,Jahirul Islam & Md. Harun Rashid,Dr. Gökhan Sümer,Ergün Yurtbakan & Durmuş Ekiz,Hilal Dilan Bayram & Assoc. Prof. Derya Girgin,Dr.Öğr.Üyesi Ümit Şevik,İpeksu Sözüpek & Assoc. Prof. Derya Girgin,Assist. Prof. Hakan Ulum,Emil Raul oğlu Ağayev,Kadir Gökoğlan & Nazan Güngör Karyağdı,Lecturer, Dr. Asiye Yüksel & Lecturer, Dr. Barış Demir,Prof. Dr.D.Rajasekar, Dr.S.R.Deepa,Divyaranjani, Madan Mohan.S,Assist. Prof. Divyaranjani, B.Krishnaveni,Assist. Prof. Mrs. R.Divyaranjani & Mr.Sreerag R.G, Student,Mutia Ismail, Ibnu Austrindanney Sina Azhar , Iskandar Muda , Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere , Andre Giovanni Febru Tamba, Verchiana Isnata,Azhar Maksum, Ibnu Austrindanney Sina Azhar, Iskandar Muda, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere , Nifta Salsabilla, Tiara Surahva,Iskandar Muda , Erlina, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere , Siti Arla Anita Suheri Hasibuan, Karina Maharani-,Hasan Basri Tarmizi, Azhar Maksum, Iskandar Muda , Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Gustiandi, Muhammad Hirzi,Novriest Umbu Walangara Nau, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Kristena Esther Angkow, Vicky Joshua,Chikezie Kalu, Olani Bekele, Simeon Ebhota,Assist. Prof. Saumyabrata Nath Dr. Manisha Choudhary Dr. Sonali N. Tholia Miss Gayatri R. Pillai,Mellouli Amal & Tijani Omar,Dr. Shams Ur Rahman, Mr. Jawad Kabir, Mr. Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Dr. Afef Khalil Afraseyab Khattak,Dr. Ijaz Yusuf and Manahil Fatima,Quyen Le Thi To, Duyen Nguyen Thi My, Dung Phuong Le,Ajeet Jaiswal,Dr. Velankanni Alex, Dr. Ferdin Joe John Joseph, Mr. Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere,Mina Ghiasabadi Farahani,Prince Verma,Eze Benneth, PhD,H.G. Hasanov, I.M. Zeynalov,Mr. S. Arunkumar & Jipson Joseph,Dr. A. Shameem & Mohammed Ismail P.,Dr. A. Shameem,Jahirul Islam,Putri Hergianasari, Rizki Amalia Yanuartha, Mr. Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere,Dr. Velankanni Alex- Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere,Assist. Prof. Mr. Sagar Bhatt,Gulshan Sadaf, Maimona Saleem, Fakhira Zaman,Md. Harun Rashid, Wang Hui,Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Dr. Valbona Çinaj Ribaj, Melania Riefolo, Luigi Blescia,Medynska Nataliia, Hunko Liudmyla,Javiera Rosell, Feridun Kaya & Alvaro Vergés,Marco I. Bonelli,Lian Junxiang,Duong Anh Son, Tran Vang-Phu & Luu Hoang Dzung,Monica Mastrantonio, Raveenthiran Vivekanantharasa Raveenthiran Vivekanantharasa & Lidia Martinez,Shilpi Sharma & Rana Majumdar,Esra S. Döngül,Pham Yen Nhi
Publisher : GLOBAL ACADEMY YAYINCILIK VE DANIŞMANLIK HİZMETLERİ SANAYİ TİCARET LİMİTED ŞİRKETİ
ISBN 13 : 6258284205
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (582 download)
Download or read book ICSSIET CONGRESS 3st International Congress on Social Sciences, Innovation and Educational Technologies PROCEEDINGS BOOK written by Aynura Valiyeva & Thomas Basil John,Jahirul Islam & Md. Harun Rashid,Dr. Gökhan Sümer,Ergün Yurtbakan & Durmuş Ekiz,Hilal Dilan Bayram & Assoc. Prof. Derya Girgin,Dr.Öğr.Üyesi Ümit Şevik,İpeksu Sözüpek & Assoc. Prof. Derya Girgin,Assist. Prof. Hakan Ulum,Emil Raul oğlu Ağayev,Kadir Gökoğlan & Nazan Güngör Karyağdı,Lecturer, Dr. Asiye Yüksel & Lecturer, Dr. Barış Demir,Prof. Dr.D.Rajasekar, Dr.S.R.Deepa,Divyaranjani, Madan Mohan.S,Assist. Prof. Divyaranjani, B.Krishnaveni,Assist. Prof. Mrs. R.Divyaranjani & Mr.Sreerag R.G, Student,Mutia Ismail, Ibnu Austrindanney Sina Azhar , Iskandar Muda , Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere , Andre Giovanni Febru Tamba, Verchiana Isnata,Azhar Maksum, Ibnu Austrindanney Sina Azhar, Iskandar Muda, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere , Nifta Salsabilla, Tiara Surahva,Iskandar Muda , Erlina, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere , Siti Arla Anita Suheri Hasibuan, Karina Maharani-,Hasan Basri Tarmizi, Azhar Maksum, Iskandar Muda , Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Gustiandi, Muhammad Hirzi,Novriest Umbu Walangara Nau, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Kristena Esther Angkow, Vicky Joshua,Chikezie Kalu, Olani Bekele, Simeon Ebhota,Assist. Prof. Saumyabrata Nath Dr. Manisha Choudhary Dr. Sonali N. Tholia Miss Gayatri R. Pillai,Mellouli Amal & Tijani Omar,Dr. Shams Ur Rahman, Mr. Jawad Kabir, Mr. Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Dr. Afef Khalil Afraseyab Khattak,Dr. Ijaz Yusuf and Manahil Fatima,Quyen Le Thi To, Duyen Nguyen Thi My, Dung Phuong Le,Ajeet Jaiswal,Dr. Velankanni Alex, Dr. Ferdin Joe John Joseph, Mr. Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere,Mina Ghiasabadi Farahani,Prince Verma,Eze Benneth, PhD,H.G. Hasanov, I.M. Zeynalov,Mr. S. Arunkumar & Jipson Joseph,Dr. A. Shameem & Mohammed Ismail P.,Dr. A. Shameem,Jahirul Islam,Putri Hergianasari, Rizki Amalia Yanuartha, Mr. Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere,Dr. Velankanni Alex- Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere,Assist. Prof. Mr. Sagar Bhatt,Gulshan Sadaf, Maimona Saleem, Fakhira Zaman,Md. Harun Rashid, Wang Hui,Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Dr. Valbona Çinaj Ribaj, Melania Riefolo, Luigi Blescia,Medynska Nataliia, Hunko Liudmyla,Javiera Rosell, Feridun Kaya & Alvaro Vergés,Marco I. Bonelli,Lian Junxiang,Duong Anh Son, Tran Vang-Phu & Luu Hoang Dzung,Monica Mastrantonio, Raveenthiran Vivekanantharasa Raveenthiran Vivekanantharasa & Lidia Martinez,Shilpi Sharma & Rana Majumdar,Esra S. Döngül,Pham Yen Nhi and published by GLOBAL ACADEMY YAYINCILIK VE DANIŞMANLIK HİZMETLERİ SANAYİ TİCARET LİMİTED ŞİRKETİ. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ICSSIET CONGRESS 3st International Congress on Social Sciences, Innovation and Educational Technologies PROCEEDINGS BOOK
Author : United Nations
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789211044720
Total Pages : 1595 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (447 download)
Download or read book World Investment Report written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Samuel Moyn
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674256522
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)
Download or read book The Last Utopia written by Samuel Moyn and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human rights offer a vision of international justice that today’s idealistic millions hold dear. Yet the very concept on which the movement is based became familiar only a few decades ago when it profoundly reshaped our hopes for an improved humanity. In this pioneering book, Samuel Moyn elevates that extraordinary transformation to center stage and asks what it reveals about the ideal’s troubled present and uncertain future. For some, human rights stretch back to the dawn of Western civilization, the age of the American and French Revolutions, or the post–World War II moment when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was framed. Revisiting these episodes in a dramatic tour of humanity’s moral history, The Last Utopia shows that it was in the decade after 1968 that human rights began to make sense to broad communities of people as the proper cause of justice. Across eastern and western Europe, as well as throughout the United States and Latin America, human rights crystallized in a few short years as social activism and political rhetoric moved it from the hallways of the United Nations to the global forefront. It was on the ruins of earlier political utopias, Moyn argues, that human rights achieved contemporary prominence. The morality of individual rights substituted for the soiled political dreams of revolutionary communism and nationalism as international law became an alternative to popular struggle and bloody violence. But as the ideal of human rights enters into rival political agendas, it requires more vigilance and scrutiny than when it became the watchword of our hopes.
Author : Francis Fukuyama
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 0374717486
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Identity written by Francis Fukuyama and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole. Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy. Identity is an urgent and necessary book—a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.
Author : Luis Eslava
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108500706
Total Pages : 735 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Bandung, Global History, and International Law written by Luis Eslava and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1955, a conference was held in Bandung, Indonesia that was attended by representatives from twenty-nine nations. Against the backdrop of crumbling European empires, Asian and African leaders forged new alliances and established anti-imperial principles for a new world order. The conference came to capture popular imaginations across the Global South and, as counterpoint to the dominant world order, it became both an act of collective imagination and a practical political project for decolonization that inspired a range of social movements, diplomatic efforts, institutional experiments and heterodox visions of the history and future of the world. In this book, leading international scholars explore what the spirit of Bandung has meant to people across the world over the past decades and what it means today. It analyzes Bandung's complicated and pivotal impact on global history, international law and, most of all, justice struggles after the end of formal colonialism.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780195531916
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Our Common Future written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : Smashbooks
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Chinese Navy written by and published by Smashbooks. This book was released on 2012 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814953
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author : Yi Wen
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814733741
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)
Download or read book Making Of An Economic Superpower, The: Unlocking China's Secret Of Rapid Industrialization written by Yi Wen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of China is no doubt one of the most important events in world economic history since the Industrial Revolution. Mainstream economics, especially the institutional theory of economic development based on a dichotomy of extractive vs. inclusive political institutions, is highly inadequate in explaining China's rise. This book argues that only a radical reinterpretation of the history of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West (as incorrectly portrayed by the institutional theory) can fully explain China's growth miracle and why the determined rise of China is unstoppable despite its current 'backward' financial system and political institutions. Conversely, China's spectacular and rapid transformation from an impoverished agrarian society to a formidable industrial superpower sheds considerable light on the fundamental shortcomings of the institutional theory and mainstream 'blackboard' economic models, and provides more-accurate reevaluations of historical episodes such as Africa's enduring poverty trap despite radical political and economic reforms, Latin America's lost decades and frequent debt crises, 19th century Europe's great escape from the Malthusian trap, and the Industrial Revolution itself.
Author : Human Rights Watch
Publisher : Seven Stories Press
ISBN 13 : 1609808150
Total Pages : 810 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (98 download)
Download or read book World Report 2018 written by Human Rights Watch and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken in 2016 by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.
Author : Alexander L. Vuving
Publisher : Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
ISBN 13 : 0977324664
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (773 download)
Download or read book Hindsight, Insight, Foresight: Thinking About Security in the Indo-Pacific written by Alexander L. Vuving and published by Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hindsight, Insight, Foresight is a tour d’horizon of security issues in the Indo-Pacific. Written by 20 current and former members of the faculty at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, its 21 chapters provide hindsight, insight, and foresight on numerous aspects of security in the region. This book will help readers to understand the big picture, grasp the changing faces, and comprehend the local dynamics of regional security.
Author : Namrata Goswami
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788182748705
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (487 download)
Download or read book India's Approach to Asia written by Namrata Goswami and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers wide ranging divergent perspectives on India's role in managing and shaping Asian security. Issues that are dealt with include major power rivalries, tensions over disputed territories, freedom of Sea Lanes of Communications, security dilemmas, the robustness of regional institutional mechanisms, India's strategic partnerships and the perspectives of major actors like the US, Russia, and China.
Author : Alan Greeley Misenheimer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781072555421
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (554 download)
Download or read book Thucydides' Other "Traps" written by Alan Greeley Misenheimer and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of a "Thucydides Trap" that will ensnare China and the United States in a 21st century conflict-much as the rising power of Athens alarmed Sparta and made war "inevitable" between the Aegean superpowers of the 5th century BCE-has received global attention since entering the international relations lexicon 6 years ago. Scholars, journalists, bloggers, and politicians in many countries, notably China, have embraced this beguiling metaphor, coined by Harvard political science professor Graham Allison, as a framework for examining the likelihood of a Sino-American war. This case study examines the Thucydides Trap metaphor and the response it has elicited. Hewing closely to what the historian of the Peloponnesian War actually says about the causes and inevitability of war, it argues that, while Thucydides' text does not support Allison's normative assertion about the "inevitable" result of an encounter between "rising" and "ruling" powers, the History of the Peloponnesian War (hereafter, History) does identify elements of leadership and political dynamic that bear directly on whether a clash of interests between two states is resolved through peaceful means or escalates to war. It is precisely because war typically begins with a considered decision by a national command authority to reject other options and mobilize for conflict (and thus always entails an element of choice) that insight from Thucydides' History remains relevant and beneficial for the contemporary strategist, or citizen, concerned in such decisions.Accordingly, this case study concludes that the Thucydides Trap, as conceived and presented by Graham Allison, draws welcome attention both to Thucydides and to the pitfalls of great power competition, but fails as a heuristic device or predictive tool in the analysis of contemporary events. Allison's metaphor offers, at best, a potentially misleading over-simplification of Thucydides' nuanced and problematic account of the origins of the epochal conflict that defined his age. Moreover, it overlooks actual insights from the History that can help political decisionmakers-including, but not limited to, those of the United States and China-either avoid war or, if ignored, pose genuine policy "traps" that can make an avoidable war more likely, and a necessary war more costly.
