Problems For Moral Debunkers

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Problems for Moral Debunkers

Author : Peter Königs
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110750198
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Problems for Moral Debunkers by : Peter Königs

Download or read book Problems for Moral Debunkers written by Peter Königs and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-02-21 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One the most interesting debates in moral philosophy revolves around the significance of empirical moral psychology for moral philosophy. Genealogical arguments that rely on empirical findings about the origins of moral beliefs, so-called debunking arguments, take center stage in this debate. Looking at debunking arguments based on evidence from evolutionary moral psychology, experimental ethics and neuroscience, this book explores what ethicists can learn from the science of morality, and what they cannot. Among other things, the book offers a new take on the deontology/utilitarianism debate, discusses the usefulness of experiments in ethics, investigates whether morality should be thought of as a problem-solving device, shows how debunking arguments can tell us something about the structure of philosophical debate, and argues that debunking arguments lead to both moral and prudential skepticism. Presenting a new picture of the relationship between empirical moral psychology and moral philosophy, this book is essential reading for moral philosophers and moral psychologists alike.

Debunking Arguments in Ethics

Author : Hanno Sauer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108423698
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Debunking Arguments in Ethics by : Hanno Sauer

Download or read book Debunking Arguments in Ethics written by Hanno Sauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-26 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers the first book-length discussion of debunking arguments in ethics and the reliability of moral judgment.

Challenges to Moral and Religious Belief

Author : Michael Bergmann
Publisher : Berkeley Tanner Lectures
ISBN 13 : 0199669775
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Challenges to Moral and Religious Belief by : Michael Bergmann

Download or read book Challenges to Moral and Religious Belief written by Michael Bergmann and published by Berkeley Tanner Lectures. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen original essays by philosophers, theologians, and social scientists explore the challenges to moral and religious belief posed by disagreement and evolution. The collection represents both sceptical and non-skeptical positions about morality and religion, cultivates new insights, and moves the discussion forward in illuminating ways.

Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics

Author : Uri D. Leibowitz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191084263
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics by : Uri D. Leibowitz

Download or read book Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics written by Uri D. Leibowitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How far should our realism extend? For many years philosophers of mathematics and philosophers of ethics have worked independently to address the question of how best to understand the entities apparently referred to by mathematical and ethical talk. But the similarities between their endeavours are not often emphasised. This book provides that emphasis. In particular, it focuses on two types of argumentative strategies that have been deployed in both areas. The first--debunking arguments--aims to put pressure on realism by emphasising the seeming redundancy of mathematical or moral entities when it comes to explaining our judgements. In the moral realm this challenge has been made by Gilbert Harman and Sharon Street; in the mathematical realm it is known as the 'Benacerraf-Field' problem. The second strategy--indispensability arguments--aims to provide support for realism by emphasising the seeming intellectual indispensability of mathematical or moral entities, for example when constructing good explanatory theories. This strategy is associated with Quine and Putnam in mathematics and with Nicholas Sturgeon and David Enoch in ethics. Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics addresses these issues through an explicitly comparative methodology which we call the 'companions in illumination' approach. By considering how argumentative strategies in the philosophy of mathematics might apply to the philosophy of ethics, and vice versa, the papers collected here break new ground in both areas. For good measure, two further companions for illumination are also broached: the philosophy of chance and the philosophy of religion. Collectively, these comparisons light up new questions, arguments, and problems of interest to scholars interested in realism in any area.

Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind

Author : Joshua May
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192539604
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind by : Joshua May

Download or read book Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind written by Joshua May and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The burgeoning science of ethics has produced a trend toward pessimism. Ordinary moral thought and action, we're told, are profoundly influenced by arbitrary factors and ultimately driven by unreasoned feelings. This book counters the current orthodoxy on its own terms by carefully engaging with the empirical literature. The resulting view, optimistic rationalism, shows the pervasive role played by reason our moral minds, and ultimately defuses sweeping debunking arguments in ethics. The science does suggest that moral knowledge and virtue don't come easily. However, despite the heavy influence of automatic and unconscious processes that have been shaped by evolutionary pressures, we needn't reject ordinary moral psychology as fundamentally flawed or in need of serious repair. Reason can be corrupted in ethics just as in other domains, but a special pessimism about morality in particular is unwarranted. Moral judgment and motivation are fundamentally rational enterprises not beholden to the passions.

Essays in Moral Skepticism

Author : Richard Joyce
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198754876
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays in Moral Skepticism by : Richard Joyce

Download or read book Essays in Moral Skepticism written by Richard Joyce and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume draws together Richard Joyce's work from the last decade on moral skepticism, the view that there is no such thing as moral knowledge. Joyce's radical view is that in making moral judgments speakers attempt to state truths but that the world isn't furnished with the properties and relations necessary to render such judgments true.

Morality and Mathematics

Author : Justin Clarke-Doane
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192556800
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality and Mathematics by : Justin Clarke-Doane

Download or read book Morality and Mathematics written by Justin Clarke-Doane and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To what extent are the subjects of our thoughts and talk real? This is the question of realism. In this book, Justin Clarke-Doane explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. He argues that, contrary to widespread belief, our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do our mathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified than our moral beliefs. It is also incorrect that reflection on the genealogy of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral antirealist on the basis of epistemological considerations, then one ought to be a mathematical antirealist as well. And, yet, Clarke-Doane shows that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together — and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense that mathematical questions are not, and the sense in which they are objective can only be explained by assuming practical anti-realism. One upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension. Another is that the objective questions in the neighborhood of factual areas like logic, modality, grounding, and nature are practical questions too. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.

Methodology and Moral Philosophy

Author : Jussi Suikkanen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429839235
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodology and Moral Philosophy by : Jussi Suikkanen

Download or read book Methodology and Moral Philosophy written by Jussi Suikkanen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many ethicists either accept the reflective equilibrium method or think that anything goes in ethical theorizing as long as the results are plausible. The aim of this book is to advance methodological thinking in ethics beyond these common attitudes and to raise new methodological questions about how moral philosophy should be done. What are we entitled to assume as the starting-point of our ethical inquiry? What is the role of empirical sciences in ethics? Is there just one general method for doing moral philosophy or should different questions in moral philosophy be answered in different ways? Are there argumentative structures and strategies that we should be encouraged to use or typical argumentative patterns that we should avoid? This volume brings together leading moral philosophers to consider these questions. The chapters investigate the prospects of empirical ethics, outline new methods of ethics, evaluate recent methodological advances, and explore whether different areas of moral philosophy are methodologically continuous or independent of one another. The aim of Methodology and Moral Philosophy is to make moral philosophers more self-aware and reflective of the way in which they do moral philosophy and also to encourage them to take part in methodological debates.

Evolutionary Debunking Arguments and Theism

Author : John Fraser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Debunking Arguments and Theism by : John Fraser

Download or read book Evolutionary Debunking Arguments and Theism written by John Fraser and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent debates in the area of metaethics and moral epistemology have centered around evolutionary debunking arguments (EDAs). These arguments purport to show that the conclusions of Darwinian evolution pose a serious problem for moral knowledge. I argue that attempts to resolve the issues around debunking arguments from a non-theistic framework fail. I also agree with some atheists who argue that the evidence shows universal benevolence to be an attitude-independent moral truth. I then show that non-theistic approaches do not adequately account for this, whereas theism does. Theism not only explains the cosmic coincidence between our moral beliefs and moral facts, but it also explains the deeper cosmic coincidence between universal benevolence and human flourishing. I examine several prominent EDAs, with particular attention given to those of Sharon Street, Richard Joyce, and Michael Ruse, as well as several other less well-known arguments. Some EDAs aim at undermining moral realism in general, while others target certain moral intuitions. I examine both types of EDA, along with some preliminary objections aimed at keeping EDAs from getting off the ground. Various counterarguments from moral realists are examined, including general objections that EDAs overreach into other domains besides morality, as well as extended discussion of third-factor arguments which attempt to neutralize the debunking challenge by arguing that evolution could select for some third factor which correlates with moral truths. I argue that all of these non-theistic responses by moral realists fail due to the fact that they are question-begging or illegitimate attempts to shift the burden of proof. The solution proposed by debunkers to the challenge to moral realism is to adopt moral antirealism. Special attention is given to Street’s Humean metaethical constructivism, which she thinks provides the only way to evade moral skepticism in the light of debunking arguments. I argue that antirealism does not avoid skepticism because it is a form of skepticism. Non-theistic arguments between debunkers and moral realists result in a standoff in which both sides have to beg important questions. Very little attention has been given in the literature to possible implications of EDAs for theistic views. This dissertation aims at providing a remedy for this.

Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics

Author : Johan De Smedt
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303068802X
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics by : Johan De Smedt

Download or read book Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics written by Johan De Smedt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of evidence from the sciences suggests that our moral beliefs have an evolutionary basis. To explain how human morality evolved, some philosophers have called for the study of morality to be naturalized, i.e., to explain it in terms of natural causes by looking at its historical and biological origins. The present literature has focused on the link between evolution and moral realism: if our moral beliefs enhance fitness, does this mean they track moral truths? In spite of the growing empirical evidence, these discussions tend to remain high-level: the mere fact that morality has evolved is often deemed enough to decide questions in normative and meta-ethics. This volume starts from the assumption that the details about the evolution of morality do make a difference, and asks how. It presents original essays by authors from various disciplines, including philosophy, anthropology, developmental psychology, and primatology, who write in conversation with neuroscience, sociology, and cognitive psychology.

The Evolution of Morality

Author : Richard Joyce
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263254
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Morality by : Richard Joyce

Download or read book The Evolution of Morality written by Richard Joyce and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-08-24 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral thinking pervades our practical lives, but where did this way of thinking come from, and what purpose does it serve? Is it to be explained by environmental pressures on our ancestors a million years ago, or is it a cultural invention of more recent origin? In The Evolution of Morality, Richard Joyce takes up these controversial questions, finding that the evidence supports an innate basis to human morality. As a moral philosopher, Joyce is interested in whether any implications follow from this hypothesis. Might the fact that the human brain has been biologically prepared by natural selection to engage in moral judgment serve in some sense to vindicate this way of thinking—staving off the threat of moral skepticism, or even undergirding some version of moral realism? Or if morality has an adaptive explanation in genetic terms—if it is, as Joyce writes, "just something that helped our ancestors make more babies"—might such an explanation actually undermine morality's central role in our lives? He carefully examines both the evolutionary "vindication of morality" and the evolutionary "debunking of morality," considering the skeptical view more seriously than have others who have treated the subject. Interdisciplinary and combining the latest results from the empirical sciences with philosophical discussion, The Evolution of Morality is one of the few books in this area written from the perspective of moral philosophy. Concise and without technical jargon, the arguments are rigorous but accessible to readers from different academic backgrounds. Joyce discusses complex issues in plain language while advocating subtle and sometimes radical views. The Evolution of Morality lays the philosophical foundations for further research into the biological understanding of human morality.

Higher-Order Evidence and Moral Epistemology

Author : Taylor & Francis Group
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9781032175812
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Higher-Order Evidence and Moral Epistemology by : Taylor & Francis Group

Download or read book Higher-Order Evidence and Moral Epistemology written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses current challenges in moral epistemology through the lens of higher-order evidence. Fueled by recent advances in empirical research, higher-order evidence has generated a wealth of insights about the genealogy of moral beliefs. This volume explores how these insights impact the epistemic status of moral beliefs.

Debunking a Moral Landscape

Author : Anab Whitehouse
Publisher : Bilquees Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Debunking a Moral Landscape by : Anab Whitehouse

Download or read book Debunking a Moral Landscape written by Anab Whitehouse and published by Bilquees Press. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debunking A Moral Landscape takes on the ideas of Sam Harris using his own chosen tools -- namely, reason and science. When those tools are turned back on his book, The Moral Landscape, one comes to understand that his perspective is very much like an onion since, after one peels away the various decaying layers of philosophy, reasoning, and science, there is really nothing left at the heart of his worldview. Sam Harris has been raised by many his many followers and admirers to an emperor-like status. Nonetheless, in reality, this would-be emperor has no genuine clothes of royalty since the material from which his conceptual garments are woven are fairly common, if not threadbare. In fact, his ideas are clothed in a way that gives them the appearance of being fashioned in a very sturdy and reliable manner, but such appearances are little more than an illusion. He often claims that his kingdom is ruled through reason and science. Yet, when the topography of his ideas are carefully explored, there are many problems to be found hiding in the nooks and crannies of his thought processes. His reasoning is not always rational; his science is not always factual; and his explanations are often problematic. Furthermore, he asserts that faith is for the naive and foolish, but his perspective is glued together by a variety of different grades of faith -- some of them quite faulty -- which he calls by other names such as: well-being, probability, theory, hypothesis, science, randomness, evolution, neurobiology, reason, and so on. Sam Harris has harsh words for religious extremists -- as well he should. However, he apparently fails to understand how his own position incorporates a brand of irreligious fundamentalism that is inclined to be just as blind and unyielding as the religious people whom he wishes to criticize. Debunking A Moral Landscape doesn't just criticize the perspective which is developed in Sam Harris' latest book, The Moral Landscape, the former book introduces a variety of constructive ideas with respect to moral philosophy, political philosophy, evolution, science, the process of reasoning, and methodology that grows out of the process through which the problems and errors that are present in Sam Harris' The Moral Landscape are corrected and refined.

Ethical Life

Author : Webb Keane
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691176264
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethical Life by : Webb Keane

Download or read book Ethical Life written by Webb Keane and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human propensity to take an ethical stance toward oneself and others is found in every known society, yet we also know that values taken for granted in one society can contradict those in another. Does ethical life arise from human nature itself? Is it a universal human trait? Or is it a product of one's cultural and historical context? Webb Keane offers a new approach to the empirical study of ethical life that reconciles these questions, showing how ethics arise at the intersection of human biology and social dynamics. Drawing on the latest findings in psychology, conversational interaction, ethnography, and history, Ethical Life takes readers from inner city America to Samoa and the Inuit Arctic to reveal how we are creatures of our biology as well as our history—and how our ethical lives are contingent on both. Keane looks at Melanesian theories of mind and the training of Buddhist monks, and discusses important social causes such as the British abolitionist movement and American feminism. He explores how styles of child rearing, notions of the person, and moral codes in different communities elaborate on certain basic human tendencies while suppressing or ignoring others. Certain to provoke debate, Ethical Life presents an entirely new way of thinking about ethics, morals, and the factors that shape them.

Moral Knowledge

Author : Sarah McGrath
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198805411
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Knowledge by : Sarah McGrath

Download or read book Moral Knowledge written by Sarah McGrath and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to other kinds of knowledge, how fragile is our knowledge of morality? Does knowledge of the difference between right and wrong fundamentally differ from knowledge of other kinds, in that it cannot be forgotten? What makes reliable evidence in fundamental moral convictions? And what are the associated problems of using testimony as a source of moral knowledge? Sarah McGrath provides novel answers to these questions and many others, as she investigates the possibilities, sources, and characteristic vulnerabilities of moral knowledge. She also considers whether there is anything wrong with simply outsourcing moral questions to a moral expert and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the method of equilibrium as an account of how we make up our mind about moral questions. Ultimately, McGrath concludes that moral knowledge can be acquired in any of the ways in which we acquire ordinary empirical knowledge. Our efforts to acquire and preserve such knowledge, she argues, are subject to frustration in all of the same ways that our efforts to acquire and preserve ordinary empirical knowledge are.

Moral Error Theory

Author : Jonas Olson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198701934
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Error Theory by : Jonas Olson

Download or read book Moral Error Theory written by Jonas Olson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jonas Olson presents a critical survey of moral error theory, the view that there are no moral facts and so all moral claims are false. Part I explores the historical context of the debate; Part II assesses J. L. Mackie's famous arguments; Part III defends error theory against challenges and considers its implications for our moral thinking.

The Routledge Handbook of Metaethics

Author : Tristram McPherson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351817914
Total Pages : 1025 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Metaethics by : Tristram McPherson

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Metaethics written by Tristram McPherson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook surveys the contemporary state of the burgeoning field of metaethics. Forty-four chapters, all written exclusively for this volume, provide expert introductions to: the central research programs that frame metaethical discussions the central explanatory challenges, resources, and strategies that inform contemporary work in those research programs debates over the status of metaethics, and the appropriate methods to use in metaethical inquiry This is essential reading for anyone with a serious interest in metaethics, from those coming to it for the first time to those actively pursuing research in the field.