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Probabilities Laws And Structures
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Book Synopsis Probabilities, Laws, and Structures by : Dennis Dieks
Download or read book Probabilities, Laws, and Structures written by Dennis Dieks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the third in this Springer series, contains selected papers from the four workshops organized by the ESF Research Networking Programme "The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective" (PSE) in 2010: Pluralism in the Foundations of Statistics Points of Contact between the Philosophy of Physics and the Philosophy of Biology The Debate on Mathematical Modeling in the Social Sciences Historical Debates about Logic, Probability and Statistics The volume is accordingly divided in four sections, each of them containing papers coming from the workshop focussing on one of these themes. While the programme's core topic for the year 2010 was probability and statistics, the organizers of the workshops embraced the opportunity of building bridges to more or less closely connected issues in general philosophy of science, philosophy of physics and philosophy of the special sciences. However, papers that analyze the concept of probability for various philosophical purposes are clearly a major theme in this volume, as it was in the previous volumes of the same series. This reflects the impressive productivity of probabilistic approaches in the philosophy of science, which form an important part of what has become known as formal epistemology - although, of course, there are non-probabilistic approaches in formal epistemology as well. It is probably fair to say that Europe has been particularly strong in this area of philosophy in recent years.
Download or read book Tychomancy written by Michael Strevens and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tychomancy—meaning “the divination of chances”—presents a set of rules for inferring the physical probabilities of outcomes from the causal or dynamic properties of the systems that produce them. Probabilities revealed by the rules are wide-ranging: they include the probability of getting a 5 on a die roll, the probability distributions found in statistical physics, and the probabilities that underlie many prima facie judgments about fitness in evolutionary biology. Michael Strevens makes three claims about the rules. First, they are reliable. Second, they are known, though not fully consciously, to all human beings: they constitute a key part of the physical intuition that allows us to navigate around the world safely in the absence of formal scientific knowledge. Third, they have played a crucial but unrecognized role in several major scientific innovations. A large part of Tychomancy is devoted to this historical role for probability inference rules. Strevens first analyzes James Clerk Maxwell’s extraordinary, apparently a priori, deduction of the molecular velocity distribution in gases, which launched statistical physics. Maxwell did not derive his distribution from logic alone, Strevens proposes, but rather from probabilistic knowledge common to all human beings, even infants as young as six months old. Strevens then turns to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the statistics of measurement, and the creation of models of complex systems, contending in each case that these elements of science could not have emerged when or how they did without the ability to “eyeball” the values of physical probabilities.
Book Synopsis Probabilities on Algebraic Structures by : Ulf Grenander
Download or read book Probabilities on Algebraic Structures written by Ulf Grenander and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This systematic approach covers semi-groups, groups, linear vector spaces, and algebra. It states and studies fundamental probabilistic problems for these spaces, focusing on concrete results. 1963 edition.
Book Synopsis Structural Aspects in the Theory of Probability by : Herbert Heyer
Download or read book Structural Aspects in the Theory of Probability written by Herbert Heyer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is conceived as a text accompanying the traditional graduate courses on probability theory. An important feature of this enlarged version is the emphasis on algebraic-topological aspects leading to a wider and deeper understanding of basic theorems such as those on the structure of continuous convolution semigroups and the corresponding processes with independent increments. Fourier transformation OCo the method applied within the settings of Banach spaces, locally compact Abelian groups and commutative hypergroups OCo is given an in-depth discussion. This powerful analytic tool along with the relevant facts of harmonic analysis make it possible to study certain properties of stochastic processes in dependence of the algebraic-topological structure of their state spaces. In extension of the first edition, the new edition contains chapters on the probability theory of generalized convolution structures such as polynomial and Sturm-Liouville hypergroups, and on the central limit problem for groups such as tori, p-adic groups and solenoids. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Probability Measures on Metric Spaces (318 KB). Contents: Probability Measures on Metric Spaces; The Fourier Transform in a Banach Space; The Structure of Infinitely Divisible Probability Measures; Harmonic Analysis of Convolution Semigroups; Negative Definite Functions and Convolution Semigroups; Probabilistic Properties of Convolution Semigroups; Hypergroups in Probability Theory; Limit Theorems on Locally Compact Abelian Groups. Readership: Graduate students, lecturers and researchers in probability and statistics."
Download or read book Creation written by Fraser Watts and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1999. How can we reconcile assumptions about the lawfulness of the universe with provision for chance events? Do the ‘laws of nature’ indicate what absolutely must happen, or just what is most likely to happen? These are important questions for both science and theology, and are explored here in the first in-depth coverage of an important but neglected topic. Including perspectives from prestigious contributions, and published with the backing of the International Society for Science and Religion (ISSR), Creation: Law and Probability employs the disciplines of history and philosophy, as well as cosmology, evolutionary biology, and neuroscience in a fascinating dialogue of faith traditions.
Book Synopsis Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence by : Peter Tillers
Download or read book Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence written by Peter Tillers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the nature of factual inference in adjudication. The book should be useful to students of law in Continental Europe as well as to students of Anglo-American law. While a good many countries do not use the sorts of rules of evidence found in the Anglo-American legal tradition, their procedural systems nevertheless frequently use a variety of rules and principles to regulate and structure the acquisition, presentation, and evalu ation of evidence. In this sense, almost all legal systems have a law of proof. This book should also be useful to scholars in fields other than law. While the papers focus on inference in adjudication, they deal with a wide variety of issues that are important in disciplines such as the philosophy of science, statistics, and psychology. For example, there is extensive discussion of the role of generalizations and hypotheses in inference and of the significance of the fact that the actors who evaluate data also in some sense constitute the data that they evaluate. Furthermore, explanations of the manner in which some legal systems structure fact-finding processes may highlight features of inferential processes that have yet to be adequately tackled by scholars in fields other than law.
Book Synopsis Probability on Algebraic Structures by : Gregory Budzban
Download or read book Probability on Algebraic Structures written by Gregory Budzban and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents results from an AMS Special Session held on the topic in Gainesville (FL). Papers included are written by an international group of well-known specialists who offer an important cross-section of current work in the field. In addition there are two expository papers that provide an avenue for non-specialists to comprehend problems in this area. The breadth of research in this area is evident by the variety of articles presented in the volume. Results concern probability on Lie groups and general locally compact groups. Generalizations of groups appear as hypergroups, abstract semigroups, and semigroups of matrices. Work on symmetric cones is included. Lastly, there are a number of articles on the current progress in constructing stochastic processes on quantum groups.
Book Synopsis A First Course in Probability and Markov Chains by : Giuseppe Modica
Download or read book A First Course in Probability and Markov Chains written by Giuseppe Modica and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to basic structures of probability with a view towards applications in information technology A First Course in Probability and Markov Chains presents an introduction to the basic elements in probability and focuses on two main areas. The first part explores notions and structures in probability, including combinatorics, probability measures, probability distributions, conditional probability, inclusion-exclusion formulas, random variables, dispersion indexes, independent random variables as well as weak and strong laws of large numbers and central limit theorem. In the second part of the book, focus is given to Discrete Time Discrete Markov Chains which is addressed together with an introduction to Poisson processes and Continuous Time Discrete Markov Chains. This book also looks at making use of measure theory notations that unify all the presentation, in particular avoiding the separate treatment of continuous and discrete distributions. A First Course in Probability and Markov Chains: Presents the basic elements of probability. Explores elementary probability with combinatorics, uniform probability, the inclusion-exclusion principle, independence and convergence of random variables. Features applications of Law of Large Numbers. Introduces Bernoulli and Poisson processes as well as discrete and continuous time Markov Chains with discrete states. Includes illustrations and examples throughout, along with solutions to problems featured in this book. The authors present a unified and comprehensive overview of probability and Markov Chains aimed at educating engineers working with probability and statistics as well as advanced undergraduate students in sciences and engineering with a basic background in mathematical analysis and linear algebra.
Book Synopsis The Structure of Probability Theory with Applications by : Aram J. Thomasian
Download or read book The Structure of Probability Theory with Applications written by Aram J. Thomasian and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Aspects in the Theory of Probability by : Herbert Heyer
Download or read book Structural Aspects in the Theory of Probability written by Herbert Heyer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the algebraic-topological aspects of probability theory, leading to a wider and deeper understanding of basic theorems, such as those on the structure of continuous convolution semigroups and the corresponding processes with independent increments. The method applied within the setting of Banach spaces and of locally compact Abelian groups is that of the Fourier transform. This analytic tool along with the relevant parts of harmonic analysis makes it possible to study certain properties of stochastic processes in dependence of the algebraic-topological structure of their state spaces. Graduate students, lecturers and researchers may use the book as a primer in the theory of probability measures on groups and related structures.This book has been selected for coverage in: ? CC / Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences? Index to Scientific Book Contents? (ISBC)
Book Synopsis Introduction to Probability by : David F. Anderson
Download or read book Introduction to Probability written by David F. Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classroom-tested textbook is an introduction to probability theory, with the right balance between mathematical precision, probabilistic intuition, and concrete applications. Introduction to Probability covers the material precisely, while avoiding excessive technical details. After introducing the basic vocabulary of randomness, including events, probabilities, and random variables, the text offers the reader a first glimpse of the major theorems of the subject: the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. The important probability distributions are introduced organically as they arise from applications. The discrete and continuous sides of probability are treated together to emphasize their similarities. Intended for students with a calculus background, the text teaches not only the nuts and bolts of probability theory and how to solve specific problems, but also why the methods of solution work.
Book Synopsis Probability and Statistics by : Michael J. Evans
Download or read book Probability and Statistics written by Michael J. Evans and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2004 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike traditional introductory math/stat textbooks, Probability and Statistics: The Science of Uncertainty brings a modern flavor based on incorporating the computer to the course and an integrated approach to inference. From the start the book integrates simulations into its theoretical coverage, and emphasizes the use of computer-powered computation throughout.* Math and science majors with just one year of calculus can use this text and experience a refreshing blend of applications and theory that goes beyond merely mastering the technicalities. They'll get a thorough grounding in probability theory, and go beyond that to the theory of statistical inference and its applications. An integrated approach to inference is presented that includes the frequency approach as well as Bayesian methodology. Bayesian inference is developed as a logical extension of likelihood methods. A separate chapter is devoted to the important topic of model checking and this is applied in the context of the standard applied statistical techniques. Examples of data analyses using real-world data are presented throughout the text. A final chapter introduces a number of the most important stochastic process models using elementary methods. *Note: An appendix in the book contains Minitab code for more involved computations. The code can be used by students as templates for their own calculations. If a software package like Minitab is used with the course then no programming is required by the students.
Download or read book Probability written by Rick Durrett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic introduction to probability theory for beginning graduate students covers laws of large numbers, central limit theorems, random walks, martingales, Markov chains, ergodic theorems, and Brownian motion. It is a comprehensive treatment concentrating on the results that are the most useful for applications. Its philosophy is that the best way to learn probability is to see it in action, so there are 200 examples and 450 problems. The fourth edition begins with a short chapter on measure theory to orient readers new to the subject.
Book Synopsis Laws and Explanations; Theories and Modal Possibilities by : Arnold Koslow
Download or read book Laws and Explanations; Theories and Modal Possibilities written by Arnold Koslow and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book has two parts: In the first, after a review of some seminal classical accounts of laws and explanations, a new account is proposed for distinguishing between laws and accidental generalizations (LAG). Among the new consequences of this proposal it is proved that any explanation of a contingent generalization shows that the generalization is not accidental. The second part involves physical theories, their modality, and their explanatory power. In particular, it is shown that (1) Each theory has a theoretical implication structure associated with it, such that there are new physical modal operators on these structures and also special modal entities that are in these structures. A special subset of the physical modals, the nomic modals are associated with the laws of theories. (2) The familiar idea that theories always explain laws by deduction of them has to be seriously modified in light of the fact that there are a host of physical theories (including for example, Newtonian Classical mechanics, Hamiltonian, and Lagrangian theory, and probability theory) that we believe are schematic (they do not have any truth value). Nevertheless, we think that there is a kind of non-deductive explanation and generality that they achieve by subsumtion under a schema.
Book Synopsis Structural Aspects In The Theory Of Probability (2nd Enlarged Edition) by : Herbert Heyer
Download or read book Structural Aspects In The Theory Of Probability (2nd Enlarged Edition) written by Herbert Heyer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is conceived as a text accompanying the traditional graduate courses on probability theory. An important feature of this enlarged version is the emphasis on algebraic-topological aspects leading to a wider and deeper understanding of basic theorems such as those on the structure of continuous convolution semigroups and the corresponding processes with independent increments. Fourier transformation — the method applied within the settings of Banach spaces, locally compact Abelian groups and commutative hypergroups — is given an in-depth discussion. This powerful analytic tool along with the relevant facts of harmonic analysis make it possible to study certain properties of stochastic processes in dependence of the algebraic-topological structure of their state spaces. In extension of the first edition, the new edition contains chapters on the probability theory of generalized convolution structures such as polynomial and Sturm-Liouville hypergroups, and on the central limit problem for groups such as tori, p-adic groups and solenoids.
Book Synopsis Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty by : Ellen Hisdal
Download or read book Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).
Book Synopsis The Structural Links between Ecology, Evolution and Ethics by : Donato Bergandi
Download or read book The Structural Links between Ecology, Evolution and Ethics written by Donato Bergandi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-06 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary biology, ecology and ethics: at first glance, three different objects of research, three different worldviews and three different scientific communities. In reality, there are both structural and historical links between these disciplines. First, some topics are obviously common across the board. Second, the emerging need for environmental policy management has gradually but radically changed the relationship between these disciplines. Over the last decades in particular, there has emerged a need for an interconnecting meta-paradigm that integrates more strictly evolutionary studies, biodiversity studies and the ethical frameworks that are most appropriate for allowing a lasting co-evolution between natural and social systems. Today such a need is more than a mere luxury, it is an epistemological and practical necessity.
