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Author : Ellen Joy Blum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Proactive Interference and Its Role on Forgetting written by Ellen Joy Blum and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Daniel L. Schacter
Publisher : HMH
ISBN 13 : 0547347456
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (473 download)
Download or read book The Seven Sins of Memory written by Daniel L. Schacter and published by HMH. This book was released on 2002-05-07 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Notable Book: A psychologist’s “gripping and thought-provoking” look at how and why our brains sometimes fail us (Steven Pinker, author of How the Mind Works). In this intriguing study, Harvard psychologist Daniel L. Schacter explores the memory miscues that occur in everyday life, placing them into seven categories: absent-mindedness, transience, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Illustrating these concepts with vivid examples—case studies, literary excerpts, experimental evidence, and accounts of highly visible news events such as the O. J. Simpson verdict, Bill Clinton’s grand jury testimony, and the search for the Oklahoma City bomber—he also delves into striking new scientific research, giving us a glimpse of the fascinating neurology of memory and offering “insight into common malfunctions of the mind” (USA Today). “Though memory failure can amount to little more than a mild annoyance, the consequences of misattribution in eyewitness testimony can be devastating, as can the consequences of suggestibility among pre-school children and among adults with ‘false memory syndrome’ . . . Drawing upon recent neuroimaging research that allows a glimpse of the brain as it learns and remembers, Schacter guides his readers on a fascinating journey of the human mind.” —Library Journal “Clear, entertaining and provocative . . . Encourages a new appreciation of the complexity and fragility of memory.” —The Seattle Times “Should be required reading for police, lawyers, psychologists, and anyone else who wants to understand how memory can go terribly wrong.” —The Atlanta Journal-Constitution “A fascinating journey through paths of memory, its open avenues and blind alleys . . . Lucid, engaging, and enjoyable.” —Jerome Groopman, MD “Compelling in its science and its probing examination of everyday life, The Seven Sins of Memory is also a delightful book, lively and clear.” —Chicago Tribune Winner of the William James Book Award
Author : Jennifer C. Little
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Directed Forgetting in a Proactive Interference Paradigm written by Jennifer C. Little and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One explanation of the benefit of directed forgetting is the reduction of proactive interference (PI) from the first list during encoding of the next list. To explore this possibility, I used a forget instruction in a release from PI paradigm. The forget instruction did not reduce the PI on subsequent lists as measured by the immediate tests usually given in this paradigm in Experiments 1-3. The other variable manipulated in this study was the recall tests. A reverse test effect was found on a final recall measure in Experiment 2. Immediate recall tests in a PI paradigm may already serve as an implicit forget cue to the participants. This finding has implications for both directed forgetting and proactive interference research."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Author : John R. Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Learning and Memory written by John R. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of the leading researchers in the field of human memory comes the new edition of a truly integrative perspective on learning and memory! Rather than forge a simple synthesis, Anderson integrates learning research on animals and memory research on humans without distorting the character of either one. The result is a more complete picture of learning, including material on skill acquisition, inductive learning, and applications to education.
Author : Sydney Schabacker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Effects of Aging on Proactive Interference and Forgetting written by Sydney Schabacker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive interference is the term that describes an impaired ability to learn information due to interference from previously learned information. Susceptibility to proactive interference increases as we age. It also becomes more difficult to retain newly learned information, leading to an increased rate of forgetting. However, more information is needed to understand if forgetting occurs on its own or is due to an increased susceptibility to proactive interference. To test age differences on proactive interference and proactive interference's influence on forgetting, 44 younger and 18 older adults completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT) to yield measures of proactive interference and forgetting. Only marginal differences in proactive interference were found between age groups, however older adults had greater forgetting rates compared to younger adults. Further, there was no evidence of a combined effect of age and proactive interference on forgetting rate. This led to the conclusion that forgetting, and not proactive interference, may drive age-differences in memory.
Author : Jonathan M. Golding
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134800665
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)
Download or read book Intentional Forgetting written by Jonathan M. Golding and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on intentional forgetting has been conducted in various forms and under various names for at least 30 years, but until now no effort has been made to present these different perspectives in one place. Comprising both review chapters and new empirical studies, this book brings together the many research paradigms investigating intentional forgetting, thereby highlighting the commonalities that link these seemingly disparate areas of research. It serves as a "case study" of one phenomenon in memory--the intention to forget or to modify memory. Why is research on intentional forgetting important? It helps to increase the understanding of how memory functions, especially with regard to its updating. In William James' "booming, buzzing confusion," we frequently are unable to adequately process all of the information that we experience; on-line forgetting of some information is necessary. Moreover, we must often replace existing information with new information, as when someone we know relocates and acquires a new address and telephone number. Investigating this updating ability has been the main thrust of research on intentional forgetting, specifically those studies on the directed forgetting phenomenon. Cognitive experiments on directed forgetting have shown that we are able to deal more effectively with large amounts of information by following instructions to treat some of the information as "to be forgotten." In this way, interference is reduced and we are able to devote all of our resources to the remaining to-be-remembered information. The mechanisms that lead to this reduction continue to promote new experiments, but over a quarter century of research maintains that the directed forgetting effect is robust.
Author : Jeffrey Kreutzer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387799478
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology written by Jeffrey Kreutzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia goes beyond other references in the field to offer concise and comprehensive coverage of assessment, treatment and rehabilitation in a single source, with more than fifteen hundred entries with linked cross-references and suggested readings.
Author : Ayanna K. Thomas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108690742
Total Pages : 1019 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Author : William J. Welch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461449898
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXIV written by William J. Welch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the 39th annual conference of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT), held in Washington, DC, USA in July 2011, this volume covers aspects of oxygen transport from air to the cells, organs and organisms; instrumentation and methods to sense oxygen and clinical evidence. Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXIV includes contributions from scientists (physicists, biologists and chemists), engineers, clinicians and mathematicians.
Author : Raymond W. Bennett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (851 download)
Download or read book Proactive interference in short-term memory written by Raymond W. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kevin Patrick Darby
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Interference Effects and Memory Development written by Kevin Patrick Darby and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory is an essential aspect of cognition, enabling us to retain information that can be used to guide decision-making and future planning. However, we often forget information due to proactive and retroactive interference from other, competing memories. Proactive interference occurs when new learning is more difficult as a result of previously acquired memories, whereas retroactive interference occurs when it is more difficult to remember previously acquired information as a result of new learning. Recent work has presented evidence that children are more vulnerable to interference effects than adults, experiencing dramatic levels of forgetting due to new learning. An essential question is what mechanisms modulate interference and changes in the magnitude of interference across development. This dissertation uses four experiments to examine factors modulating susceptibility to interference, including consolidation (i.e., the stabilization of memory traces across time) and memory binding (i.e., forming complex associations between multiple elements of an experience). Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effect of time delays on children’s susceptibility to retroactive interference by comparing forgetting due to new learning upon immediate testing and following a 48-hr delay. The results indicated that children’s retroactive interference was strong when memory was probed immediately after learning of new information, but was eliminated following a delay, suggesting a powerful role of consolidation in early memory development. Experiments 3 and 4 were designed to test whether memory binding processes might contribute to children’s and adults’ ability to resist interference effects. These experiments introduced a new paradigm to test interference and memory binding in 5- and 8-year-old children, as well as adults, and found evidence of decreased susceptibility to interference and improvements in memory binding across development. In addition, individual differences in complex memory binding predicted resistance to retroactive interference effects. Finally, a manipulation designed to decrease memory binding resulted in somewhat increased retroactive interference. Overall, these results suggest that complex memory binding may help reduce susceptibility to retroactive interference, although there was less evidence of a relationship between memory binding and proactive interference. The findings of these four experiments are discussed in relation to the effects of time delays on children’s interference, developmental change in memory binding processes, and the potential relationship between memory binding and interference.
Author : Nelson Cowan
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317232380
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Author : Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107176573
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)
Download or read book The Nature of Human Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of leading scholars' approaches to understanding the nature of intelligence, its measurement, its investigation, and its development.
Author : Raymond Walden Bennett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Theoretical Implications of Proactive Interference in Short-term Memory written by Raymond Walden Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of the study was to determine the extent to which confusions among traces are responsible for forgetting, most especially, for forgetting attributable to proactive interference. The experiment used a modification of the Brown-Peterson technique. The major alteration was to replace the recall test with a two-alternative forced choice recognition test. One of the recognition alternatives (the target) was one of the elements of the to-be-remembered-item (TBRI) and the other (the foil) was an element from some prior TBRI or it was a word not previously presented in the experiment. The major experimental manipulations were the recency of the foils and the length of the retention interval. Recognition accuracy was found to decrease as the recency of the foil increased and as the retention interval was lengthened. It is argued that this observation is sufficient to make implausible any model not assuming confusion among traces. A reasonably successful attempt was made to formulate a quantitative structure to handle these data. (Author).
Author : Keith Frankish
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521691907
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (216 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Science written by Keith Frankish and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative, up-to-date survey of the state of the art in cognitive science, written for non-specialists.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Science
ISBN 13 : 9780128196410
Total Pages : 2370 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (964 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience written by and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 2370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioural Neuroscience is a relatively recent discipline which unifies different fields encompassing Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Clinical Neurology, Neuroanatomy, and Neurophysiology. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary work written by the best experts in the field, addressing the relationship between the neurological and biological basis of behavior and models of cognition, spanning from perception to memory and covering phenomena that occur in human and other animals. Published in 2010, it comprised 212 articles and was a unique and essential resource for students and professionals in several fields including neuroscience, psychology, neurology, psychiatry, and cognitive science. It was by far the most comprehensive reference work available addressing the advances in all the field of behavioural neuroscience. It does however, now need revising with the latest science. The new edition will again cover the relationship between brain and behaviour, both in humans and other animals, as well as mental and brain disorders. This new edition spans accross three volumes, 250 chapters and approximately 2000 pages. It will build on the foundations of the first edition by thoroughly updating all current articles with the latest research that has developed in the last decade. In addition, 40 brand new articles on the hottest topics within behavioural neuroscience will be added, covering areas such as advances in behavioral genetics and epigenetics, cognitive ageing, neuroepidemiology, social neuroscience, as well as the upsurge of new technologies like diffusion tensor imaging or transcranial direct current stimulation. The result will be an all-encompassing one-stop interdisciplinary major reference work on how the brain and its disorders influence behavior, perfect for neuroscience students, clinicians and scientists interested in knowing more about behaviour from a biological perspective. Much-loved classic reference work fully revised with all the scientific advances of the last decade Comprehensive and authoritative articles on all aspects of behavioural neuroscience Offers readers a 'one-stop' resource for access to a wealth of information to fully support their research and activities in this area Chapters written by leading experts in neuroscience across the globe, thus ensuring the knowledge within is easily understood by and applicable to a large audience Articles intuitively and meticulously organized into 10 coherent sections on key topics, making it easier for the reader to access relevant information quickly Lists of key references and further reading for each article means that related content will be easier to find, and latest/key research in the field will be highlighted
Author : Andrew Conway
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019972167X
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)
Download or read book Variation in Working Memory written by Andrew Conway and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-13 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory--the ability to keep important information in mind while comprehending, thinking, and acting--varies considerably from person to person and changes dramatically during each person's life. Understanding such individual and developmental differences is crucial because working memory is a major contributor to general intellectual functioning. This volume offers a state-of-the-art, integrative, and comprehensive approach to understanding variation in working memory by presenting explicit, detailed comparisons of the leading theories. It incorporates views from the different research groups that operate on each side of the Atlantic, and covers working-memory research on a wide variety of populations, including healthy adults, children with and without learning difficulties, older adults, and adults and children with neurological disorders. A particular strength of this volume is that each research group explicitly addresses the same set of theoretical questions, from the perspective of both their own theoretical and experimental work and from the perspective of relevant alternative approaches. Through these questions, each research group considers their overarching theory of working memory, specifies the critical sources of working memory variation according to their theory, reflects on the compatibility of their approach with other approaches, and assesses their contribution to general working memory theory. This shared focus across chapters unifies the volume and highlights the similarities and differences among the various theories. Each chapter includes both a summary of research positions and a detailed discussion of each position. Variation in Working Memory achieves coherence across its chapters, while presenting the entire range of current theoretical and experimental approaches to variation in working memory.
