Principle And Propensity

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Propensity Score Analysis

Author : Wei Pan
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462519490
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Propensity Score Analysis by : Wei Pan

Download or read book Propensity Score Analysis written by Wei Pan and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to help researchers better design and analyze observational data from quasi-experimental studies and improve the validity of research on causal claims. It provides clear guidance on the use of different propensity score analysis (PSA) methods, from the fundamentals to complex, cutting-edge techniques. Experts in the field introduce underlying concepts and current issues and review relevant software programs for PSA. The book addresses the steps in propensity score estimation, including the use of generalized boosted models, how to identify which matching methods work best with specific types of data, and the evaluation of balance results on key background covariates after matching. Also covered are applications of PSA with complex data, working with missing data, controlling for unobserved confounding, and the extension of PSA to prognostic score analysis for causal inference. User-friendly features include statistical program codes and application examples. Data and software code for the examples are available at the companion website (www.guilford.com/pan-materials).

Using Propensity Scores in Quasi-Experimental Designs

Author : William M. Holmes
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1483310817
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Propensity Scores in Quasi-Experimental Designs by : William M. Holmes

Download or read book Using Propensity Scores in Quasi-Experimental Designs written by William M. Holmes and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Propensity Scores in Quasi-Experimental Designs, by William M. Holmes, examines how propensity scores can be used to reduce bias with different kinds of quasi-experimental designs and to fix or improve broken experiments. Requiring minimal use of matrix and vector algebra, the book covers the causal assumptions of propensity score estimates and their many uses, linking these uses with analysis appropriate for different designs. Thorough coverage of bias assessment, propensity score estimation, and estimate improvement is provided, along with graphical and statistical methods for this process. Applications are included for analysis of variance and covariance, maximum likelihood and logistic regression, two-stage least squares, generalized linear regression, and general estimation equations. The examples use public data sets that have policy and programmatic relevance across a variety of disciplines.

Propensity Score Analysis

Author : Shenyang Guo
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1452235007
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Propensity Score Analysis by : Shenyang Guo

Download or read book Propensity Score Analysis written by Shenyang Guo and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2015 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides readers with a systematic review of the origins, history, and statistical foundations of Propensity Score Analysis (PSA) and illustrates how it can be used for solving evaluation and causal-inference problems.

Philosophy of Biology

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080471242
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Biology by :

Download or read book Philosophy of Biology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy of Biology is a rapidly expanding field. It is concerned with explanatory concepts in evolution, genetics, and ecology. This collection of 25 essays by leading researchers provides an overview of the state of the field. These essays are wholly new; none of them could have been written even ten years ago. They demonstrate how philosophical analysis has been able to contribute to sometimes contested areas of scientific theory making.-Written by internationally acknowledged leaders in the field- Entries make original contributions as well as summarizing state of the art discoveries in the field- Easy to read and understand

What Tends to Be

Author : Rani Lill Anjum
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351009796
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis What Tends to Be by : Rani Lill Anjum

Download or read book What Tends to Be written by Rani Lill Anjum and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People tend to enjoy listening to music or watching television, sleeping at night and celebrating birthdays. Plants tend to grow and thrive in sunlight and mild temperatures. We also know that tendencies are not perfectly regular and that there are patterns in the natural world, which are reliable to a degree, but not absolute. What should we make of a world where things tend to be one way but could be another? Is there a position between necessity and possibility? If there is, what are the implications for science, knowledge and ethics? This book explores these questions and is the first full-length treatment of the philosophy of tendencies. Anjum and Mumford argue that although the philosophical language of tendencies has been around since Aristotle, there has not been any serious commitment to the irreducible modality that they involve. They also argue that the acceptance of an irreducible and sui generis tendential modality ought to be the fundamental commitment of any genuine realism about dispositions or powers. It is the dispositional modality that makes dispositions authentically disposition-like. Armed with this theory the authors apply it to a variety of key philosophical topics such as chance, causation, epistemology and free will.

Causality in a Social World

Author : Guanglei Hong
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119030609
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Causality in a Social World by : Guanglei Hong

Download or read book Causality in a Social World written by Guanglei Hong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causality in a Social World introduces innovative new statistical research and strategies for investigating moderated intervention effects, mediated intervention effects, and spill-over effects using experimental or quasi-experimental data. The book uses potential outcomes to define causal effects, explains and evaluates identification assumptions using application examples, and compares innovative statistical strategies with conventional analysis methods. Whilst highlighting the crucial role of good research design and the evaluation of assumptions required for identifying causal effects in the context of each application, the author demonstrates that improved statistical procedures will greatly enhance the empirical study of causal relationship theory. Applications focus on interventions designed to improve outcomes for participants who are embedded in social settings, including families, classrooms, schools, neighbourhoods, and workplaces.

Probabilities, Causes and Propensities in Physics

Author : Mauricio Suárez
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402099045
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilities, Causes and Propensities in Physics by : Mauricio Suárez

Download or read book Probabilities, Causes and Propensities in Physics written by Mauricio Suárez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-06 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume defends a novel approach to the philosophy of physics: it is the first book devoted to a comparative study of probability, causality, and propensity, and their various interrelations, within the context of contemporary physics -- particularly quantum and statistical physics. The philosophical debates and distinctions are firmly grounded upon examples from actual physics, thus exemplifying a robustly empiricist approach. The essays, by both prominent scholars in the field and promising young researchers, constitute a pioneer effort in bringing out the connections between probabilistic, causal and dispositional aspects of the quantum domain. The book will appeal to specialists in philosophy and foundations of physics, philosophy of science in general, metaphysics, ontology of physics theories, and philosophy of probability.

Philosophical Theories of Probability

Author : Donald Gillies
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134672454
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Theories of Probability by : Donald Gillies

Download or read book Philosophical Theories of Probability written by Donald Gillies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Twentieth Century has seen a dramatic rise in the use of probability and statistics in almost all fields of research. This has stimulated many new philosophical ideas on probability. Philosophical Theories of Probability is the first book to present a clear, comprehensive and systematic account of these various theories and to explain how they relate to one another. Gillies also offers a distinctive version of the propensity theory of probability, and the intersubjective interpretation, which develops the subjective theory.

Matched Sampling for Causal Effects

Author : Donald B. Rubin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139458507
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Matched Sampling for Causal Effects by : Donald B. Rubin

Download or read book Matched Sampling for Causal Effects written by Donald B. Rubin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-04 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matched sampling is often used to help assess the causal effect of some exposure or intervention, typically when randomized experiments are not available or cannot be conducted. This book presents a selection of Donald B. Rubin's research articles on matched sampling, from the early 1970s, when the author was one of the major researchers involved in establishing the field, to recent contributions to this now extremely active area. The articles include fundamental theoretical studies that have become classics, important extensions, and real applications that range from breast cancer treatments to tobacco litigation to studies of criminal tendencies. They are organized into seven parts, each with an introduction by the author that provides historical and personal context and discusses the relevance of the work today. A concluding essay offers advice to investigators designing observational studies. The book provides an accessible introduction to the study of matched sampling and will be an indispensable reference for students and researchers.

An Introduction to Decision Theory

Author : Martin Peterson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107151597
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Decision Theory by : Martin Peterson

Download or read book An Introduction to Decision Theory written by Martin Peterson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and accessible introduction to all aspects of decision theory, now with new and updated discussions and over 140 exercises.

The Logic of Reliable Inquiry

Author : Kevin T. Kelly
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195357876
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Reliable Inquiry by : Kevin T. Kelly

Download or read book The Logic of Reliable Inquiry written by Kevin T. Kelly and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-04 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many proposed aims for scientific inquiry--to explain or predict events, to confirm or falsify hypotheses, or to find hypotheses that cohere with our other beliefs in some logical or probabilistic sense. This book is devoted to a different proposal--that the logical structure of the scientist's method should guarantee eventual arrival at the truth given the scientist's background assumptions. Interest in this methodological property, called "logical reliability," stems from formal learning theory, which draws its insights not from the theory of probability, but from the theory of computability. Kelly first offers an accessible explanation of formal learning theory, then goes on to develop and explore a systematic framework in which various standard learning theoretic results can be seen as special cases of simpler and more general considerations. This approach answers such important questions as whether there are computable methods more reliable than Bayesian updating or Popper's method of conjectures and refutations. Finally, Kelly clarifies the relationship between the resulting framework and other standard issues in the philosophy of science, such as probability, causation, and relativism. His work is a major contribution to the literature and will be essential reading for scientists, logicians, and philosophers

Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide

Author : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 1587634236
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (876 download)

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Book Synopsis Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide by : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)

Download or read book Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide written by Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)

An Introduction to Criminological Theory

Author : Roger Hopkins Burke
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135050481
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Criminological Theory by : Roger Hopkins Burke

Download or read book An Introduction to Criminological Theory written by Roger Hopkins Burke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to criminological theory for students taking courses in criminology at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Building on previous editions, which broadened the debate on criminological theory, this book presents the latest research and theoretical developments. The text is divided into five parts, the first three of which address ideal type models of criminal behaviour: the rational actor, predestined actor and victimized actor models. Within these, the various criminological theories are located chronologically in the context of one of these different traditions, and the strengths and weaknesses of each theory and model are clearly identified. The fourth part of the book looks closely at more recent attempts to integrate theoretical elements from both within and across models of criminal behaviour, while the fifth part addresses a number of key recent concerns of criminology: postmodernism, cultural criminology, globalization and communitarianism. All major theoretical perspectives are considered, including: classical criminology, biological and psychological positivism, labelling theories, feminist criminology, critical criminology and left realism, social control theories, the risk society. The new edition also features comprehensive coverage of recent developments in criminology, including situation action theory, desistance theory, peacemaking criminology, Loïc Wacquant’s thesis of the penal society, critical race theory and Southern theory. This revised and expanded fourth edition of An Introduction to Criminological Theory includes chapter summaries, critical thinking questions, a full glossary of terms and theories and a timeline of criminological theory, making it essential reading for those studying criminology.

The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought

Author : Hui Wang
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674046765
Total Pages : 1089 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought by : Hui Wang

Download or read book The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought written by Hui Wang and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 1089 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wang Hui asks what it means for China to be modern and for modernity to be Chinese. Is there a rupture between tradition and modernity in China? How has Confucian thought evolved? Did China become modern in the Middle Ages? A deep intellectual history, The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought revises our senses of both modernity and Chinese philosophy.

Elements of Mental Philosophy. (Appendix of the varieties of intellectual character, by D. Stewart.)

Author : Thomas Cogswell Upham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Elements of Mental Philosophy. (Appendix of the varieties of intellectual character, by D. Stewart.) by : Thomas Cogswell Upham

Download or read book Elements of Mental Philosophy. (Appendix of the varieties of intellectual character, by D. Stewart.) written by Thomas Cogswell Upham and published by . This book was released on 1841 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Kant's Theory of Virtue

Author : Anne Margaret Baxley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139493167
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant's Theory of Virtue by : Anne Margaret Baxley

Download or read book Kant's Theory of Virtue written by Anne Margaret Baxley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anne Margaret Baxley offers a systematic interpretation of Kant's theory of virtue, whose most distinctive features have not been properly understood. She explores the rich moral psychology in Kant's later and less widely read works on ethics, and argues that the key to understanding his account of virtue is the concept of autocracy, a form of moral self-government in which reason rules over sensibility. Although certain aspects of Kant's theory bear comparison to more familiar Aristotelian claims about virtue, Baxley contends that its most important aspects combine to produce something different - a distinctively modern, egalitarian conception of virtue which is an important and overlooked alternative to the more traditional Greek views which have dominated contemporary virtue ethics.

Philosophical Papers

Author : Paul Humphreys
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199334870
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Papers by : Paul Humphreys

Download or read book Philosophical Papers written by Paul Humphreys and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains fifteen papers by Paul Humphreys, who has made important contributions to the philosophy of computer simulations, emergence, the philosophy of probability, probabilistic causality, and scientific explanation. It includes detailed postscripts to each section and a philosophical introduction. One of the papers is previously unpublished.