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Preliminary Assessment Of A Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir Formed By Hydraulic Fracturing
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Book Synopsis Preliminary Assessment of a Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir Formed by Hydraulic Fracturing by :
Download or read book Preliminary Assessment of a Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir Formed by Hydraulic Fracturing written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If a mass of relatively impermeable hot rock can be hydraulically fractured and if a heat extraction fluid can be circulated through the fracture and recovered, appreciable amounts of energy can be extracted from the rock. The Los Alamos Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Project is designed to investigate and demonstrate this concept. A series of field experiments have been carried out at a site called Fenton Hill, located on the west flank of the Valles Caldera in the Jemez mountains of northern New Mexico. In December, 1974, the first deep borehole, GT-2 was completed to a depth of 2.929 km (9609 ft) in granite, where the temperature was 197oC (386oF). A hydraulic fracture was then created near the bottom of this borehole, and a second borehole, EE-1, was drilled to complete the circulation loop, but it failed to intersect the fracture by about 8 m (26 ft). Communication between the wellbores was established by initiating a fracture from EE-1. This paper discusses some aspects of what has been learned about this dual fracture system by subsequent experiments. 4 refs., 4 figs.
Book Synopsis Entwurf eines Gesetzes, betreffend die Haltung der Zuchtstiere, nebst Begruendung. Landesausschuss. 25. Session, 1898 u. 1899 by :
Download or read book Entwurf eines Gesetzes, betreffend die Haltung der Zuchtstiere, nebst Begruendung. Landesausschuss. 25. Session, 1898 u. 1899 written by and published by . This book was released on 1899* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preliminary Evaluation of the Second Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir by : H. D. Murphy
Download or read book Preliminary Evaluation of the Second Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir written by H. D. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program Annual Report Fiscal Year ... by : Hot Dry Rock Program (U.S.)
Download or read book Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program Annual Report Fiscal Year ... written by Hot Dry Rock Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mining the Earth's Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy by : Donald W. Brown
Download or read book Mining the Earth's Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy written by Donald W. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining the Earth's Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy describes the work carried out by the Los Alamos National Laboratory to turn an idealistic concept - that of drawing useful amounts of energy from the vast underground store of hot rock at reachable depths - into a practical reality. This book provides comprehensive documentation of the over two decades of experiments carried out at the test site at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, where the feasibility of accessing and extracting this vast natural resource was finally demonstrated. It also discusses the numerous technical, administrative, and financial hurdles that had to be overcome along the way. This publication will no doubt prove invaluable to researchers around the world as they strive to move this now-proven technology toward commercial viability. In addition, it is a valuable source of relevant information for anyone interested in the world energy outlook for the 21st century and beyond.
Book Synopsis Hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy by : S. Nemat-Nassar
Download or read book Hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy written by S. Nemat-Nassar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing has been and continues to be a major techno logical tool in oil and gas recovery, nuclear and other waste disposal, mining and particularly in-situ coal gasification, and, more recently, in geothermal heat recovery, particularly extracting heat from hot dry rock masses. The understanding of the fracture process under the ac tion of pressurized fluid at various temperatures is of fundamental scientific importance, which requires an adequate description of thermomechanical properties of subsurface rock, fluid-solid interaction effects, as well as degradation of the host rock due to temperature gradients introduced by heat extraction. Considerable progress has been made over the past several years in laboratory experiments, analytical and numerical modeling, and in-situ field studies in various aspects of hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy extraction, by researchers in the United States and Japan and also elsewhere. However, the results have been scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, the time seemed ripe for bringing together selected researchers from the two countries, as well as observers from other countries, in order to survey the state of the art, exchange scientific information, and establish closer collaboration for further, better coordinated scientific effort in this important area of research and exploration.
Book Synopsis Development of Hot Dry Rock Resources by :
Download or read book Development of Hot Dry Rock Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The LASL Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Project is the only U.S. field test of this geothermal resource. In the LASL concept, a man-made geothermal reservoir would be formed by drilling a deep hole into relatively impermeable hot rock, creating a large surface area for heat transfer by fracturing the rock hydraulically, then drilling a second hole to intersect the fracture to complete the circulation loop. In 1974, the first hole was drilled to a depth of 2929 m (9610 ft) and a hydraulic fracture was produced near the bottom. In 1975, a second hole was directionally drilled to intersect the fracture. Although the desired intersection was not achieved, a connection was made through which water was circulated. After a year's study of the fracture system, drilling began again in April 1977 and an improved connection was achieved. In September of 1977 a 5 MW (thermal) heat extraction and circulation experiment was conducted for 100 h as a preliminary test of the concept. An 1800-h circulation experiment was concluded on April 13, 1978 to determine temperature-drawdown, permeation water loss and flow characteristics of the pressurized reservoir, to examine chemistry changes in the circulating fluid, and to monitor for induced seismic effects.
Book Synopsis Preliminary Evaluation of the 2nd Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir by :
Download or read book Preliminary Evaluation of the 2nd Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Heat Extraction by :
Download or read book Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Heat Extraction written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A man-made geothermal reservoir has been created at a depth of 2.7 km in hot, dry granite by hydraulic fracturing. The system was completed by directionally drilling a second well in close proximity with the top of the vertical fracture. In early 1978 heat was extracted from this reservoir for a period of 75 days. During this period thermal power was produced at an average rate of 4 MW(t). Theoretical analysis of th measured drawdown suggests a total fracture heat transfer area of 16,000 m2. Viscous impedance to through-flow declined continuously so that at the end of the experiment this impedance was only one-fifth its initial value. Water losses to the surrounding rock formation also decreased continuously, and eventually this loss rate was less than 1% of the circulated flow rate. Geochemical analyses suggest that, with scale up of the heat transfer area and deeper, hotter reservoirs, hot dry rock reservoirs can ultimately produce levels of power on a commercial scale.
Book Synopsis Geothermal Energy in Europe by : J. C. Bresee
Download or read book Geothermal Energy in Europe written by J. C. Bresee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report of a research project in eastern France, a pilot study for a much larger effort to determine whether geothermal energy resources can be developed in areas without natural geothermal reservoirs, which includes a good deal of industrial northern Europe. The idea is to drill a hole deep enough to hit hot rock, then circulate high-pressure water between the hot rock and heat exchangers at the surface; it was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratories. Includes a half-page subject index. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis The US Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program by :
Download or read book The US Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent accomplishments of the program are highlighted by a successful limited term flow test of the Phase 2 reservoir at the Fenton Hill site near Los Alamos. This reservoir connection was established by sidetracking one of the deep wells into hydraulically fractured areas, identified by microseismic data after original fracture attempts failed to connect the two wells. Hydraulic communication was improved by supplemental fracturing. Preliminary testing indicated a reservoir with fracture volume and heat production area surpassing the values from the earlier Phase 1 reservoir. Following completion of the downhole reservoir system, preparations were made for a reservoir-energy-extraction test. This Initial Closed Loop Flow Test (ICFT) was needed to obtain operating characteristics for planning a much longer test for thorough reservoir evaluation. The 30-day ICFT succeeded with final production of about 10 MWt at 192°C, while injecting 285 gpm at 4600 psi and producing 206 gpm at 500 psi. The water loss rate and flow impedance were high, 27% and 18 psi/gpm respectively, but were declining. Radioactive tracer tests indicated reservoir volume growth during the experiment which was continuously monitored for acoustic or microseismic activity. Following the flow test, experiments were continued for several months during the venting process. Preparations are now underway for the Long Term Flow Test (LTFT). To understand as much as possible about the Phase 2 reservoir and to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of energy from HDR reservoirs, a flow test of approximately one year's duration is deemed necessary. Part of the preparation for the LTFT is the workover and repair of the production well and the installation of a competent overall flow loop and energy exchange system. 7 refs., 5 figs.
Book Synopsis Environmental Investigations Associated with the LASL Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Project by : Kenneth H. Rea
Download or read book Environmental Investigations Associated with the LASL Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Project written by Kenneth H. Rea and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) is currently evaluating the feasibility of extracting thermal energy from hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal reservoirs. An overview of the environmental studies that LASL has conducted relative to its HDR Geothermal Energy Development Project is presented. Because HDR geothermal technology is a new field of endeavor, environmental guidelines have not been established. It is anticipated that LASL's research will lead to the techniques necessary to mitigate undesirable environmental impacts in future HDR developments. To date, results of environmental investigations have been positive in that no undesirable environmental impacts have been found.
Download or read book Geothermal Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Development of Hot Dry Rock Resources by : Roland A. Pettitt
Download or read book The Development of Hot Dry Rock Resources written by Roland A. Pettitt and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparison of Two Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Comparison of Two Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal energy reservoirs were created by hydraulic fracturing of granite at 2.7 t o 3.0 km (5000 to 10000 ft) at the Fenton Hill site, near the Valles Caldera in northern New Mexico. Both reservoirs are research reservoirs, in the sense that both are fairly small, generally yielding 5 MWt or less, and are intended to serve as the basic building blocks of commercial-sized reservoirs, consisting of 10 t o 15 similar fractures that would yield approximately 35 MWt over a 10 to 20 yr period. Both research reservoirs were created in the same well-pair, with energy extraction well number 1 (EE-1) serving as the injection well, and geothermal test well number 2 (GT-2) serving as the extraction, or production, well. Evaluation of the second reservoir was accomplished in two steps: (1) with a 23-day heat extraction experiment that began October 23, 1979, the results of which are described by Murphy (1980), and (2) a-second, longer-term heat extraction experiment still in progress, which as of November 25, 1980 has been in effect for 260 days. The results of this current experiment are compared with earlier experiments.
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Second Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir by : G. A. Zyvoloski
Download or read book Evaluation of the Second Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Reservoir written by G. A. Zyvoloski and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
