Pre School Childcare In England 1939 2010

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Pre–school childcare in England, 1939–2010

Author : Angela Davis
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526185695
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Pre–school childcare in England, 1939–2010 by : Angela Davis

Download or read book Pre–school childcare in England, 1939–2010 written by Angela Davis and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-school childcare in England, 1939–2010 investigates how competing ideas about child development influenced the provision, practice and experience of childcare for the under fives since 1939. It explores how theories which developed during the war about the psychological harm caused by separating an infant from its mother influenced the organisation of childcare outside the family in light of the social, economic and demographic changes seen during the years that followed. Focusing on four different forms of childcare – day nurseries, nursery schools and classes, playgroups, and childminders – it considers how both individual families and wider society managed the care of young children in the context of dramatic increases in the employment of married women. Using a new body of oral history interviews specifically undertaken for the book, it also examines the experiences and effects of care on those involved and the current policy implications raised.

Women in Britain

Author : Janet H. Howarth
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786734249
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Women in Britain by : Janet H. Howarth

Download or read book Women in Britain written by Janet H. Howarth and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The millennium has sharpened perspectives on the history of women in twentieth-century Britain. Many features of the contemporary gender order date only from the last decades of the century – the expectation of equal opportunities in education and the work-place, sexual autonomy for the individual and tolerance of a variety of family forms. The years dominated by the two World Wars saw real advances towards equal citizenship and legal rights, and a growing sense of the impact on women of 'modernity' in its various forms, including consumerism and the mass media. But values inherited from the Victorians were still reflected in the class hierarchy, the policing of sexuality and the male-breadwinner family. This anthology of original sources, accompanied by a state-of-the-art bibliography, illustrates patterns of continuity and change in women's experience and their place in national life. An introductory survey provides an accessible overview and analysis of controversial issues, such as the relationship between 'first', 'second' and 'third' wave feminism.

Child Protection in England, 1960–2000

Author : Jennifer Crane
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319947184
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Child Protection in England, 1960–2000 by : Jennifer Crane

Download or read book Child Protection in England, 1960–2000 written by Jennifer Crane and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book explores how children, parents, and survivors reshaped the politics of child protection in late twentieth-century England. Activism by these groups, often manifested in small voluntary organisations, drew upon and constructed an expertise grounded in experience and emotion that supported, challenged, and subverted medical, social work, legal, and political authority. New forms of experiential and emotional expertise were manifested in politics – through consultation, voting, and lobbying – but also in the reshaping of everyday life, and in new partnerships formed between voluntary spokespeople and media. While becoming subjects of, and agents in, child protection politics over the late twentieth century, children, parents, and survivors also faced barriers to enacting change, and the book traces how long-standing structural hierarchies, particularly around gender and age, mediated and inhibited the realisation of experiential and emotional expertise.

The Mutual Admiration Society

Author : Mo Moulton
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 1541644468
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mutual Admiration Society by : Mo Moulton

Download or read book The Mutual Admiration Society written by Mo Moulton and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group biography of renowned crime novelist Dorothy L. Sayers and the Oxford women who stood at the vanguard of equal rights Dorothy L. Sayers is now famous for her Lord Peter Wimsey and Harriet Vane detective series, but she was equally well known during her life for an essay asking "Are Women Human?" Women's rights were expanding rapidly during Sayers's lifetime; she and her friends were some of the first women to receive degrees from Oxford. Yet, as historian Mo Moulton reveals, it was clear from the many professional and personal obstacles they faced that society was not ready to concede that women were indeed fully human. Dubbing themselves the Mutual Admiration Society, Sayers and her classmates remained lifelong friends and collaborators as they fought for a truly democratic culture that acknowledged their equal humanity. A celebration of feminism and female friendship, The Mutual Admiration Society offers crucial insight into Dorothy L. Sayers and her world.

The Neoliberal Age?

Author : Aled Davies
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 178735685X
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neoliberal Age? by : Aled Davies

Download or read book The Neoliberal Age? written by Aled Davies and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries are commonly characterised as an age of ‘neoliberalism’ in which individualism, competition, free markets and privatisation came to dominate Britain’s politics, economy and society. This historical framing has proven highly controversial, within both academia and contemporary political and public debate. Standard accounts of neoliberalism generally focus on the influence of political ideas in reshaping British politics; according to this narrative, neoliberalism was a right-wing ideology, peddled by political economists, think-tanks and politicians from the 1930s onwards, which finally triumphed in the 1970s and 1980s. The Neoliberal Age? suggests this narrative is too simplistic. Where the standard story sees neoliberalism as right-wing, this book points to some left-wing origins, too; where the standard story emphasises the agency of think-tanks and politicians, this book shows that other actors from the business world were also highly significant. Where the standard story can suggest that neoliberalism transformed subjectivities and social lives, this book illuminates other forces which helped make Britain more individualistic in the late twentieth century. The analysis thus takes neoliberalism seriously but also shows that it cannot be the only explanatory framework for understanding contemporary Britain. The book showcases cutting-edge research, making it useful to researchers and students, as well as to those interested in understanding the forces that have shaped our recent past.

Saving the Children

Author : Emily Baughan
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520343727
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Saving the Children by : Emily Baughan

Download or read book Saving the Children written by Emily Baughan and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saving the Children analyzes the intersection of liberal internationalism and imperialism through the history of the humanitarian organization Save the Children, from its formation during the First World War through the era of decolonization. Whereas Save the Children claimed that it was "saving children to save the world," the vision of the world it sought to save was strictly delimited, characterized by international capitalism and colonial rule. Emily Baughan's groundbreaking analysis, across fifty years and eighteen countries, shows that Britain's desire to create an international order favorable to its imperial rule shaped international humanitarianism. In revealing that modern humanitarianism and its conception of childhood are products of the early twentieth-century imperial economy, Saving the Children argues that the contemporary aid sector must reckon with its past if it is to forge a new future.

Home in British Working-Class Fiction

Author : Nicola Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131712135X
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Home in British Working-Class Fiction by : Nicola Wilson

Download or read book Home in British Working-Class Fiction written by Nicola Wilson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Home in British Working-Class Fiction offers a fresh take on British working-class writing that turns away from a masculinist, work-based understanding of class in favour of home, gender, domestic labour and the family kitchen. As Nicola Wilson shows, the history of the British working classes has often been written from the outside, with observers looking into the world of the inhabitants. Here Wilson engages with the long cultural history of this gaze and asks how ’home’ is represented in the writing of authors who come from a working-class background. Her book explores the depiction of home as a key emotional and material site in working-class writing from the Edwardian period through to the early 1990s. Wilson presents new readings of classic texts, including The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists, Love on the Dole and Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, analyzing them alongside works by authors including James Hanley, Walter Brierley, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Buchi Emecheta, Pat Barker, James Kelman and the rediscovered ’ex-mill girl novelist’ Ethel Carnie Holdsworth. Wilson's broad understanding of working-class writing allows her to incorporate figures typically ignored in this context, as she demonstrates the importance of home's role in the making and expression of class feeling and identity.

Double Lives

Author : Helen McCarthy
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1526643766
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Double Lives by : Helen McCarthy

Download or read book Double Lives written by Helen McCarthy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Fabulous' - The Times 'A milestone in women's history' - Observer 'Groundbreaking ... a fascinating read' - Herald In Britain today, three-quarters of mothers are in employment and paid work is an unremarkable feature of women's lives after childbirth. Yet a century ago, working mothers were in the minority, excluded altogether from many occupations, whilst their wage-earning was widely perceived as a social ill. In Double Lives, Helen McCarthy accounts for this remarkable transformation and the momentous consequences it has had for Britain. Recovering the everyday worlds of working mothers, this groundbreaking history forces us not only to re-evaluate the past, but to ask anew how current attitudes towards mothers in the workplace have developed and how far we have to go. 'Impressive and nuanced' - Guardian 'Brilliant' - Literary Review

Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Childhood in Contemporary Britain

Author : Sandra Dinter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315313359
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Childhood in Contemporary Britain by : Sandra Dinter

Download or read book Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Childhood in Contemporary Britain written by Sandra Dinter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the light of the complex demographic shifts associated with late modernity and the impetus of neo-liberal politics, childhood continues all the more to operate as a repository for the articulation of diverse social and cultural anxieties. Since the Thatcher years, juvenile delinquency, child poverty, and protection have been persistent issues in public discourse. Simultaneously, childhood has advanced as a popular subject in the arts, as the wealth of current films and novels in this field indicates. Focusing on the late twentieth and the early twenty-first centuries, this collection assembles contributions concerned with current political, social, and cultural dimensions of childhood in the United Kingdom. The individual chapters, written by internationally renowned experts from the social sciences and the humanities, address a broad spectrum of contemporary childhood issues, including debates on child protection, school dress codes, the media, the representation and construction of children in audiovisual media, and literary awards for children’s fiction. Appealing to a wide scholarly audience by joining perspectives from various disciplines, including art history, education, law, film and TV studies, sociology, and literary studies, this volume endorses a transdisciplinary and meta-theoretical approach to the study of childhood. It seeks to both illustrate and dismantle the various ways in which childhood has been implicitly and explicitly conceived in different disciplines in the wake of the constructivist paradigm shift in childhood studies.

Glasgow

Author : Lynn Abrams
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429848412
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Glasgow by : Lynn Abrams

Download or read book Glasgow written by Lynn Abrams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-13 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of an unparalleled housing crisis at the end of the Second World War, Glasgow Corporation rehoused the tens of thousands of private tenants who were living in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in unimproved Victorian slums. Adopting the designs, the materials and the technologies of modernity they built into the sky, developing high-rise estates on vacant sites within the city and on its periphery. This book uniquely focuses on the people's experience of this modern approach to housing, drawing on oral histories and archival materials to reflect on the long-term narrative and significance of high-rise homes in the cityscape. It positions them as places of identity formation, intimacy and well-being. With discussions on interior design and consumption, gender roles, children, the elderly, privacy, isolation, social networks and nuisance, Glasgow examines the connections between architectural design, planning decisions and housing experience to offer some timely and prescient observations on the success and failure of this very modern housing solution at a moment when high flats are simultaneously denigrated in the social housing sector while being built afresh in the private sector. Glasgow is aimed at an academic readership, including postgraduate students, scholars and researchers. It will be of interest to social, cultural and urban historians particularly interested in the United Kingdom.

Women in Fifties Britain

Author : Penny Tinkler
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351591177
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Women in Fifties Britain by : Penny Tinkler

Download or read book Women in Fifties Britain written by Penny Tinkler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contented housewives, glamorous women, jive-mad teenagers – all are common figures in popular perceptions of 1950s Britain. But what more did it mean to be a girl or woman in the fifties? And what are the implications of this history for understanding post-war Britain? Women in Fifties Britain explores the lived experience of girls and women, and the way in which their story has been told. Crossing boundaries – disciplinary, conceptual and thematic – and drawing creatively on new and established sources, it extends and enriches the terrain of women’s history. Diverse groups of women come into view, including farmer’s wives, university-educated women, activist housewives, working mothers, Jewish refugees, girls ‘at risk’ and private secretaries. Revealing that their private, public and professional lives were central to reshaping society, the collection engages with the legacy of World War II, and with questions about the distinctiveness of the 1950s. Embracing emotion, labour, gender, class, race, sociability, sexuality and much more, the authors offer penetrating exploration of established and new categories of historical analysis. Placing the politics of gender at the heart of Britain’s reconstruction, this engaging and important collection re-visions 1950s Britain and the women that made it. This book was originally published as a special issue of Women’s History Review.

The Palgrave Handbook of Infertility in History

Author : Gayle Davis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137520809
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis The Palgrave Handbook of Infertility in History by : Gayle Davis

Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Infertility in History written by Gayle Davis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking, interdisciplinary volume provides an overdue assessment of how infertility has been understood, treated and experienced in different times and places. It brings together scholars from disciplines including history, literature, psychology, philosophy, and the social sciences to create the first large-scale review of recent research on the history of infertility. Through exploring an unparalleled range of chronological periods and geographical regions, it develops historical perspectives on an apparently transhistorical experience. It shows how experiences of infertility, access to treatment, and medical perspectives on this ‘condition’ have been mediated by social, political, and cultural discourses. The handbook reflects on and interrogates different approaches to the history of infertility, including the potential of cross-disciplinary perspectives and the uses of different kinds of historical source material, and includes lists of research resources to aid teachers and researchers. It is an essential ‘go-to’ point for anyone interested in infertility and its history. Chapter 19 is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.

Feminist Lives

Author : Lynn Abrams
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192651110
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Feminist Lives by : Lynn Abrams

Download or read book Feminist Lives written by Lynn Abrams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Could women be feminist without feminism? Could they foster feminist activism without a movement or an ideology? Could they recraft ways of being female without a plan? Feminist Lives adopts a woman-centred approach to explore these questions and to understand how British women charted a new way of being female in the three decades before the Women's Liberation Movement. By focusing on the 'transition' generation of women who were born in the long 1940s and who grew to maturity in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, the book demonstrates that it was they who developed the aspirational model of womanhood that then emerged after 1970 as the norm amongst women in the global north. In doing so, Feminist Lives seeks to fill 'the feminist history gap', countering a narrative that has for too long neglected this generation of women as fusty and failing, and as just not feminist enough. Using women's voices as the book's evidential and emotional core as they describe themselves, their relationships, their feelings and actions, this volume analyses the modes by which women constructed a modern self, built upon new ways of living, feeling, and being.

A progressive education?

Author : Laura Tisdall
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526132915
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis A progressive education? by : Laura Tisdall

Download or read book A progressive education? written by Laura Tisdall and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Progressive Education? argues that ideas about both childhood and adolescence were transformed in English and Welsh schools after WWII. Covering the period 1918 to 1979, this book shows that by putting childhood at the centre of the history of education, we can challenge the stories we tell about how and why schooling itself changed. It has been suggested that the dominance of ‘progressive’ education after 1945 led to a backlash against permissive attitudes to pupils in both Western Europe and the United States. But British child-centred education, in alliance with developmental psychology, actually shaped a more restrictive and pessimistic image of childhood. Drawing on an extensive range of sources that illuminate teaching practice, from school logbooks to oral histories, this book will be crucial not only for historians and sociologists of modern Britain, but for education professionals and policy-makers.

Understanding Early Childhood: Issues and Controversies

Author : Helen Penn
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0335262694
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Early Childhood: Issues and Controversies by : Helen Penn

Download or read book Understanding Early Childhood: Issues and Controversies written by Helen Penn and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Early Childhood is a comprehensive textbook which offers broad and insightful perspectives across a range of themes on the ways in which we understand and study young children. Engaging and clear, it provides students with a user-friendly introduction to a number of difficult concepts and theories in early childhood education, drawing on research evidence from various countries and taking an interdisciplinary approach. Revised and updated throughout, the third edition brings contemporary theories and debates bang up-to-date in a concise, accessible and yet reflective style. Unique features include: A substantial and critically informed discussion of child development An updated overview of theoretical approaches and research methodologies Considerable revisions on neuroscience and genetic research in light of recent developments Extended coverage of ethics The challenges and problematic nature of interdisciplinary working 'Main Messages' provide helpful summaries of key points 'What to Read Next' signposts stimulating reading Understanding Early Childhood is an indispensable resource for early childhood students from undergraduate to postgraduate level, and practitioners working with young children. "Understanding Early Childhood draws on Helen Penn's deep knowledge and exceptionally wide breadth of experience of this topic. This new and updated edition with its pithy explanations provides an invaluable and readable guide to concepts and theories of early childhood education." Bronwen J. Cohen, School of Social and Political Studies, The University of Edinburgh, UK "This updated and revised third edition is informative and thought provoking appealing to an international readership. Drawing from many fields of study and with reference to her own international experience and research, Professor Penn challenges existing normative conceptualisations of childhood and professional practice, standards and expectations." Theodora Papatheodorou, Education Adviser - Early Childhood Care and Development, Save the Children, UK "This book is a must read for anyone studying or working in early childhood education. The messages are applicable and have resonance across borders and boundaries, majority and minority worlds, and ethnicities." Sue Grieshaber, Chair Professor and Head, Department of Early Childhood Education, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong "Whatever your interest in early childhood, this book should become a wise companion to whom you turn again and again for inspiration, intellectual challenge or solace. I've really enjoyed reading the new edition of Helen's book. She is such a superb author and scholar and we are incredibly fortunate to have her working in the field of early childhood." Dr Sacha Powell, Reader in Early Childhood, Research Centre for Children, Families and Communities, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK

Developing Early Childhood Services: Past, Present and Future

Author : Peter Baldock
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0335238750
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Developing Early Childhood Services: Past, Present and Future by : Peter Baldock

Download or read book Developing Early Childhood Services: Past, Present and Future written by Peter Baldock and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2011-01-16 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Labour came to power in 1997, early years services have undergone a huge transformation – for example a significant increase in the scale of provision, the creation of an over-arching policy approach (Every Child Matters), the establishment of new departments focused on children and their families at local and national level, new structures designed to promote partnership between different bodies concerned with children’s welfare, significant changes in the early years curriculum, new subsidies for childcare and education and new arrangements for regulation. The book would offer an historical account of the development of early years services in the United Kingdom (with consideration of developments in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, as well as England). After an Introduction arguing the relevance of an historical perspective, it would offer a fairly brief account of developments from the 16th century to the Second World War, a similarly brief account of developments from the Second World War up until the Conservative victory of 1979, a more detailed account of developments in the period of Conservative Government (1979-1997) and three chapters with an even more detailed account of developments since 1997. It is easy for those involved to become so focused on the implementation of the latest changes that they lose sight of the process of change itself. This book would be intended to help them to understand what has happened so far, to evaluate that process and to prepare for the future. The objective would be to assist the reader to understand what has happened, and why, rather than argue that what we have now is, or is not, better than what went before or than any other set of arrangements that might be conceived.

Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological Settings and Processes

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118953916
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological Settings and Processes by :

Download or read book Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological Settings and Processes written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential reference for human development theory, updatedand reconceptualized The Handbook of Child Psychology and DevelopmentalScience, a four-volume reference, is the field-defining work towhich all others are compared. First published in 1946, and now inits Seventh Edition, the Handbook has long been consideredthe definitive guide to the field of developmental science. Volume 4: Ecological Settings and Processes in DevelopmentalSystems is centrally concerned with the people, conditions, andevents outside individuals that affect children and theirdevelopment. To understand children's development it is bothnecessary and desirable to embrace all of these social and physicalcontexts. Guided by the relational developmental systemsmetatheory, the chapters in the volume are ordered them in a mannerthat begins with the near proximal contexts in which children findthemselves and moving through to distal contexts that influencechildren in equally compelling, if less immediately manifest, ways.The volume emphasizes that the child's environment is complex,multi-dimensional, and structurally organized into interlinkedcontexts; children actively contribute to their development; thechild and the environment are inextricably linked, andcontributions of both child and environment are essential toexplain or understand development. Understand the role of parents, other family members, peers,and other adults (teachers, coaches, mentors) in a child'sdevelopment Discover the key neighborhood/community and institutionalsettings of human development Examine the role of activities, work, and media in child andadolescent development Learn about the role of medicine, law, government, war anddisaster, culture, and history in contributing to the processes ofhuman development The scholarship within this volume and, as well, across the fourvolumes of this edition, illustrate that developmental science isin the midst of a very exciting period. There is a paradigm shiftthat involves increasingly greater understanding of how todescribe, explain, and optimize the course of human life fordiverse individuals living within diverse contexts. ThisHandbook is the definitive reference for educators,policy-makers, researchers, students, and practitioners in humandevelopment, psychology, sociology, anthropology, andneuroscience.