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Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135305854
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (353 download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons written by Martin Ravallion and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author : M. Ravallion
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1136469141
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons written by M. Ravallion and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty comparisons - such as whether poverty has increased, or where it is greatest, are typically clouded in conceptual and methodological uncertainties. How should individual well-being be assessed in deciding who is poor? Is a household survey a reliable guide? Where should the poverty line be drawn, and does the choice matter? This monograph surveys the issues that need to be considered in answering these questions, providing an accessible introduction to the most recent literature. The strengths and weaknesses of past methods are discussed, and a summary of methodological recommendations is given. A number of new analytical tools are described which can greatly facilitate poverty comparisons, recognising the uncertainties involved.
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty assessments are typically clouded in conceptual and methodological uncertainties. How should living standards be assessed? Is a household survey necessary, and is it a reliable guide? Where should the poverty line be drawn, and does the choice matter? What poverty measure should be used in aggregating data on individual living standards? Does that choice matter? This paper surveys the issues that need to be considered in answering these questions, and discusses a number of new tools of analysis which can greatly facilitate poverty comparisons, recognizing the uncertainties involved. Various applications in poverty assessment and policy evaluation for developing countries are used to show how these methods can be put into practice. Recommendations are made for future applied work.
Author : McKinley L. Blackburn
Publisher : A E I Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Comparing Poverty written by McKinley L. Blackburn and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415274593
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (745 download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons written by Martin Ravallion and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an accessible introduction to the most recent literature on poverty comparisons, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of past methods and giving a summary of methodological recommendations.
Author : M. Ravallion
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1136469214
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons written by M. Ravallion and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty comparisons - such as whether poverty has increased, or where it is greatest, are typically clouded in conceptual and methodological uncertainties. How should individual well-being be assessed in deciding who is poor? Is a household survey a reliable guide? Where should the poverty line be drawn, and does the choice matter? This monograph surveys the issues that need to be considered in answering these questions, providing an accessible introduction to the most recent literature. The strengths and weaknesses of past methods are discussed, and a summary of methodological recommendations is given. A number of new analytical tools are described which can greatly facilitate poverty comparisons, recognising the uncertainties involved.
Author : Steven Howes
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821338629
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (386 download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons and Household Survey Design written by Steven Howes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 356. The World Bank has become the world's largest lender in the health, nutrition, and population (HNP) sectors, requiring the institution to seek ever greater evidence that its work is effective on the ground. This paper reviews the literature on the causes of observed changes in health and fertility levels, on the evaluation of policies, and on programs designed to accelerate these changes. It presents a framework that delineates the relationships between Bank activities in the HNP sectors, the characteristics of a health care system, household behavior, and changes in health outcomes. The paper also describes a strategy for assessing the development effectiveness of the Bank's work in these sectors. The underlying thesis is that changes in health policy and improved outcomes depend on the the demand for health services and on institutional incentives that drive health care system performance.
Author : Dean Jolliffe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Comparisons of Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan Poverty During the 1990s written by Dean Jolliffe and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jean Olson Lanjouw
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons with Non-compatible Data written by Jean Olson Lanjouw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Geoffrey Lancaster (deceased)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book International Poverty Comparisons on Unit Record Data of Developing and Developed Countries written by Geoffrey Lancaster (deceased) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross country poverty comparisons on unit records have, rarely, involved both developing and developed countries. The present study attempts to fill this gap by comparing poverty across fourteen nations with diverse economic and demographic characteristics and at vastly different stages of economic development. The study contains evidence on (a) cross country variation in the equivalence scales estimated in the presence of both household size economies and adult/child relativities, (b) impact of demographic adjustment of the poverty line, that incorporate household size and composition changes, on the poverty rates, and (c) sensitivity of the poverty estimates and their rankings to the "equivalence elasticity". The study finds that country rankings based on per capita GNP bear very little resemblance with that based on the aggregate poverty rates. The latter hide substantial variation in the poverty estimates across different household types.
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821342268
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Poverty Lines in Theory and Practice written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A poverty line helps focus the attention of governments and civil society on the living conditions of the poor. This paper offers a critical overview of alternative approaches to setting poverty lines. In reviewing the methods found in practice, the paper tries to throw light on, and go some way toward resolving, ongoing debates about poverty measurement, emphasizing those debates which would appear to have greatest bearing on policy discussions.
Author : Stephen P. Jenkins
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191527289
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Inequality and Poverty Re-Examined written by Stephen P. Jenkins and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-09-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issues surrounding poverty and inequality continue to be of central concern to academics, politicians and policy makers but the ways in which we seek to study and understand them continue to change over time. This accessible book seeks to provide a guide to some of the new approaches that have been developed in the light of international initiatives to reduce poverty and the notable changes in income inequality and poverty that have occurred across many western countries in recent years. These new approaches have to some degree been facilitated by the emergence of new techniques and a growing availability of data that enable cross national comparisons not only of income but also of measures of welfare such as educational achievement, nutritional status in developing countries and wealth and deprivation indicators in the developed world. Including specially commissioned research from a distinguished list of international authors, this volume makes a real contribution to the public debate surrounding inequality and poverty as well as providing new empirical information about them from around the world.
Author : Peter Lanjouw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (847 download)
Download or read book Poverty Comparisons with Noncompatible Data written by Peter Lanjouw and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: January 1997 Poverty rates calculated on the basis of different definitions of consumption may reveal substantial biases, but under certain conditions robust comparisons are possible. Nonfood spending is often thought to be especially poorly measured, but the more comprehensive is the measure of consumption spending, the better it is as a measure of welfare. Comparisons of poverty rates are only rarely based on identical underlying definitions of welfare. The authors examine the sensitivity of poverty rates calculated from alternative definitions of consumption. They consider what theory can say about the direction of bias in comparisons and show that under certain conditions robust comparisons are possible. Data from Ecuador, El Salvador, and Pakistan show that the magnitude of biases can be substantial. Their robustness result is used as a baseline to explore the tradeoffs involved in aggregating noisy expenditure components. Although nonfood expenditures are often thought to be especially poorly measured, the authors' data indicate that the more comprehensive is the measure of consumption spending, the better it is as a measure of welfare. This paper - a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to improve the reliability and comparability of poverty measures.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464813604
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank Group has two overarching goals: End extreme poverty by 2030 and promote shared prosperity by boosting the incomes of the bottom 40 percent of the population in each economy. As this year’s Poverty and Shared Prosperity report documents, the world continues to make progress toward these goals. In 2015, approximately one-tenth of the world’s population lived in extreme poverty, and the incomes of the bottom 40 percent rose in 77 percent of economies studied. But success cannot be taken for granted. Poverty remains high in Sub- Saharan Africa, as well as in fragile and conflict-affected states. At the same time, most of the world’s poor now live in middle-income countries, which tend to have higher national poverty lines. This year’s report tracks poverty comparisons at two higher poverty thresholds—$3.20 and $5.50 per day—which are typical of standards in lower- and upper-middle-income countries. In addition, the report introduces a societal poverty line based on each economy’s median income or consumption. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle also recognizes that poverty is not only about income and consumption—and it introduces a multidimensional poverty measure that adds other factors, such as access to education, electricity, drinking water, and sanitation. It also explores how inequality within households could affect the global profile of the poor. All these additional pieces enrich our understanding of the poverty puzzle, bringing us closer to solving it. For more information, please visit worldbank.org/PSP
Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Testing for Significance of Poverty Differences written by Nanak Kakwani and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several poverty indices have been suggested to measure the intensity of poverty suffered by those below the poverty line. Because the studies are estimated on the basis of sample observations, whether the observed differences in their values are statistically significant needs to be tested. This paper provides distribution free asymptotic confidence interval and statistical inference for several poverty indices. The methodology developed in the paper is applied to analyze poverty in Cote d'Ivoire from the data of the Living Standards Survey, 1985.
Author : Sabina Alkire
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191003638
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis written by Sabina Alkire and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis is evolving rapidly. Notably, it has informed the publication of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) estimates in the Human Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme since 2010, and the release of national poverty measures in Mexico, Colombia, Bhutan, the Philippines and Chile. The academic response has been similarly swift, with related articles published in both theoretical and applied journals. The high and insistent demand for in-depth and precise accounts of multidimensional poverty measurement motivates this book, which is aimed at graduate students in quantitative social sciences, researchers of poverty measurement, and technical staff in governments and international agencies who create multidimensional poverty measures. The book is organized into four elements. The first introduces the framework for multidimensional measurement and provides a lucid overview of a range of multidimensional techniques and the problems each can address. The second part gives a synthetic introduction of 'counting' approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement and provides an in-depth account of the counting multidimensional poverty measurement methodology developed by Alkire and Foster, which is a straightforward extension of the well-known Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures that had a significant and lasting impact on income poverty measurement. The final two parts deal with the pre-estimation issues such as normative choices and distinctive empirical techniques used in measure design, and the post-estimation issues such as robustness tests, statistical inferences, comparisons over time, and assessments of inequality among the poor.
Author : Peter Lanjouw
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Poverty and the Economic Transition written by Peter Lanjouw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1998 Has the economic transition in Eastern Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union been harder on pensioner households or on households containing children? Do per capita measures of welfare give a misleading picture? Much attention has been paid to the relative vulnerability of two well-defined household groups during the transition. Some observers argue that old-age pensioner households have been relatively protected because of a less steep decline in real pensions compared with wages in most transition economies. By contrast, households with young children are believed to have experienced a substantial decline in living standards under reform and show strikingly higher rates of measured poverty than pensioner households. But others argue that the elderly have suffered more than the young during the transition. Can these conflicting viewpoints about the relative poverty of old and young households be arbitrated? Lanjouw, Milanovic, and Paternostro show that strong (though implicit) assumptions underpin certain poverty comparisons. Notably, using a per capita measure of individual welfare assumes that there are no economies of scale in household consumption, in the sense that the per capita cost of reaching a specific level of welfare does not fall as household size increases. Relaxing that assumption could affect comparisons, showing higher poverty rates among the elderly because their households tend to be smaller than the households containing children. Even the nature of the transition has implications for economies of scale. The relative cost of housing and other goods and services with at least some public-good characteristics has risen rapidly. These relative price shifts hit small households particularly hard, because a greater share of their expenditures goes to public and quasi-public goods. But transition economies have also experienced big increases in the relative prices of goods and services consumed largely by children, such as kindergarten and other education services. These increases affect younger households more. Since there is no accepted way to establish the true extent of economies of scale in a given country, the question can't be answered exactly. But clearly a small departure from a per capita measure may be enough in some cases to overturn the conventional relative ranking of poverty headcounts: poverty among the elderly may then turn out to be worse than among children. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study changes in welfare and inequality during the transition. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
