Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production Cost Analysis Ptt E21a

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Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E21A

Author : Intratec
Publisher : Intratec
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E21A by : Intratec

Download or read book Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT) production starting from glucose syrup and terephthalic acid. The process examined combines a process similar to DuPont process for generating propanediol and a process similar to Degussa (now Evonik) process for producing PTT. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: 1,3-Polypropylene Terephthalate, TPA, Dimethyl Terephthalate, DMT, Bio-PDO, Trimethylene Glycol, PTT, Aerobic Fermentation

Plastic Waste and Recycling

Author : Trevor Letcher
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128178817
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Plastic Waste and Recycling by : Trevor Letcher

Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. - Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement - Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation - Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

Engineering Materials 1

Author : M. F. Ashby
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Materials 1 by : M. F. Ashby

Download or read book Engineering Materials 1 written by M. F. Ashby and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a broad introduction to the properties of materials used in engineering applications, and is intended to provide a course in engineering materials for students with no previous background in the subject.

Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites

Author : Khalid Mahmood Zia
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128123613
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites by : Khalid Mahmood Zia

Download or read book Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites written by Khalid Mahmood Zia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Chemistry, Biotechnology and Material Sciences offers considerable detail on the origin of algae, extraction of useful metabolites and major compounds from algal bio-mass, and the production and future prospects of sustainable polymers derived from algae, blends of algae, and algae based composites. Characterization methods and processing techniques for algae-based polymers and composites are discussed in detail, enabling researchers to apply the latest techniques to their own work. The conversion of bio-mass into high value chemicals, energy, and materials has ample financial and ecological importance, particularly in the era of declining petroleum reserves and global warming. Algae are an important source of biomass since they flourish rapidly and can be cultivated almost everywhere. At present the majority of naturally produced algal biomass is an unused resource and normally is left to decompose. Similarly, the use of this enormous underexploited biomass is mainly limited to food consumption and as bio-fertilizer. However, there is an opportunity here for materials scientists to explore its potential as a feedstock for the production of sustainable materials. - Provides detailed information on the extraction of useful compounds from algal biomass - Highlights the development of a range of polymers, blends, and composites - Includes coverage of characterization and processing techniques, enabling research scientists and engineers to apply the information to their own research and development - Discusses potential applications and future prospects of algae-based biopolymers, giving the latest insight into the future of these sustainable materials

Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E11A

Author : Intratec
Publisher : Intratec
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E11A by : Intratec

Download or read book Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT) production from terephthalic acid and propanediol. The process examined is similar to Degussa (now Evonik) process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7223830, issued to Zimmer in 2007 (assigned to Lurgi Zimmer GmbH in 2008) (2) EP Patent 0859020, issued to Zimmer and Degussa (now Evonik) in 2006 (3) US Patent 68007, issued to Zimmer and Shell in 2004 (assigned to Lurgi Zimmer GmbH in 2008) Keywords: 1,3-Polypropylene Terephthalate, TPA, PDO, Dimethyl Terephthalate, DMT

Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E31B

Author : Intratec
Publisher : Intratec
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E31B by : Intratec

Download or read book Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Production - Cost Analysis - PTT E31B written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT) production starting from raw sugar and terephthalic acid. The process examined combines a process similar to DuPont process for generating propanediol and a process similar to Degussa (now Evonik) process for producing PTT. In this process, raw sugar (sucrose) is diluted and sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars). The invert sugars are then fermented to produce Propanediol. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: 1,3-Polypropylene Terephthalate, TPA, Dimethyl Terephthalate, DMT, Bio-PDO, Trimethylene Glycol, PTT, Aerobic Fermentation

Materials

Author : Michael F. Ashby
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0080994350
Total Pages : 899 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials by : Michael F. Ashby

Download or read book Materials written by Michael F. Ashby and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 899 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials, Third Edition, is the essential materials engineering text and resource for students developing skills and understanding of materials properties and selection for engineering applications. This new edition retains its design-led focus and strong emphasis on visual communication while expanding its inclusion of the underlying science of materials to fully meet the needs of instructors teaching an introductory course in materials. A design-led approach motivates and engages students in the study of materials science and engineering through real-life case studies and illustrative applications. Highly visual full color graphics facilitate understanding of materials concepts and properties. For instructors, a solutions manual, lecture slides, online image bank, and materials selection charts for use in class handouts or lecture presentations are available at http://textbooks.elsevier.com. The number of worked examples has been increased by 50% while the number of standard end-of-chapter exercises in the text has been doubled. Coverage of materials and the environment has been updated with a new section on Sustainability and Sustainable Technology. The text meets the curriculum needs of a wide variety of courses in the materials and design field, including introduction to materials science and engineering, engineering materials, materials selection and processing, and materials in design. - Design-led approach motivates and engages students in the study of materials science and engineering through real-life case studies and illustrative applications - Highly visual full color graphics facilitate understanding of materials concepts and properties - Chapters on materials selection and design are integrated with chapters on materials fundamentals, enabling students to see how specific fundamentals can be important to the design process - For instructors, a solutions manual, lecture slides, online image bank and materials selection charts for use in class handouts or lecture presentations are available at http://textbooks.elsevier.com - Links with the Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES EduPack), the powerful materials selection software. See www.grantadesign.com for information NEW TO THIS EDITION: - Text and figures have been revised and updated throughout - The number of worked examples has been increased by 50% - The number of standard end-of-chapter exercises in the text has been doubled - Coverage of materials and the environment has been updated with a new section on Sustainability and Sustainable Technology

Automotive Handbook

Author : Robert Bosch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780837603339
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Automotive Handbook by : Robert Bosch

Download or read book Automotive Handbook written by Robert Bosch and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pocket-sized technical reference designed to provide reliable data, at a practical level, for automotive engineers and mechanics.

Polylactic Acid

Author : Lee Tin Sin
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0128144734
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Polylactic Acid by : Lee Tin Sin

Download or read book Polylactic Acid written by Lee Tin Sin and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactic Acid: A Practical Guide for the Processing, Manufacturing, and Applications of PLA, Second Edition, provides a practical guide for engineers and scientists working in PLA and on the development of emerging new products. The current market situation for PLA and biodegradable polymers is described, along with applications across a range of market sectors. In addition, the mechanical, chemical, thermal, rheology and degradation properties are included. Updates include new chapters covering various processing methods, as well as recycling methods, and additives and processing aids. New applications cover a range of products (including 3D Printing), and an environmental assessment, including regulatory aspects. The book is not only a useful introduction to this topic, but also a practical, readily applicable reference book that will support decision-making in the plastics industry. - Presents an essential reference for engineers, scientists and product designers considering switching to a sustainable plastic - Covers the properties, synthesis and polymerization of PLA, along with processing techniques involved in fabricating parts from this polymer - Includes critical new chapters on processing, additives, recycling and environmental considerations relating to PLA

IPCS Risk Assessment Terminology

Author : International Program on Chemical Safety
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241562676
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis IPCS Risk Assessment Terminology by : International Program on Chemical Safety

Download or read book IPCS Risk Assessment Terminology written by International Program on Chemical Safety and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint project of IPCS/OECD. In two parts: Part 1: IPCS/OECD Key Generic Terms used in Chemical Hazard/Risk Assessment. Part 2: IPCS Glossary of Key Exposure Assessment Terminology. IPCS project on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals

Technology, Grade 9

Author : Ria de Jager
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781107640382
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology, Grade 9 by : Ria de Jager

Download or read book Technology, Grade 9 written by Ria de Jager and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study & Master Technology Grade 8 has been specially developed by experienced educators to meet all the requirements of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS).

Combustion and Incineration Processes

Author : Walter R. Niessen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824744152
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Combustion and Incineration Processes by : Walter R. Niessen

Download or read book Combustion and Incineration Processes written by Walter R. Niessen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering each aspect of an incineration facility, from contaminant receipt and storage to stack discharge and dispersion, this reference explores the operation and evaluation of incineration systems for hazardous and non-hazardous gaseous, liquid, sludge, and solid wastes. Highlighting breakthroughs in air pollution control, the book discusses advances in materials handling, waste processing, refractory and materials engineering, combustion technology, and energy recovery to reduce and control toxins and pollutants in the environment. It includes a disk containing spreadsheets for practical analyses of waste characteristics and combustion systems.

Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence

Author : L.A. Crum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401592152
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence by : L.A. Crum

Download or read book Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence written by L.A. Crum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sonochemistry is studied primarily by chemists and sonoluminescence mainly by physicists, but a single physical phenomenon - acoustic cavitation - unites the two areas. The physics of cavitation bubble collapse, is relatively well understood by acoustical physicists but remains practically unknown to the chemists. By contrast, the chemistry that gives rise to electromagnetic emissions and the acceleration of chemical reactions is familiar to chemists, but practically unknown to acoustical physicists. It is just this knowledge gap that the present volume addresses. The first section of the book addresses the fundamentals of cavitation, leading to a more extensive discussion of the fundamentals of cavitation bubble dynamics in section two. A section on single bubble sonoluminescence follows. The two following sections address the new scientific discipline of sonochemistry, and the volume concludes with a section giving detailed descriptions of the applications of sonochemistry. The mixture of tutorial lectures and detailed research articles means that the book can serve as an introduction as well as a comprehensive and detailed review of these two interesting and topical subjects.

Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309109922
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.

Dosage Form Design Parameters

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012814422X
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Dosage Form Design Parameters by :

Download or read book Dosage Form Design Parameters written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dosage Form Design Parameters, Volume II, examines the history and current state of the field within the pharmaceutical sciences, presenting key developments. Content includes drug development issues, the scale up of formulations, regulatory issues, intellectual property, solid state properties and polymorphism. Written by experts in the field, this volume in the Advances in Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research series deepens our understanding of dosage form design parameters. Chapters delve into a particular aspect of this fundamental field, covering principles, methodologies and the technologies employed by pharmaceutical scientists. In addition, the book contains a comprehensive examination suitable for researchers and advanced students working in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology and related industries. - Examines the history and recent developments in drug dosage forms for pharmaceutical sciences - Focuses on physicochemical aspects, prefomulation solid state properties and polymorphism - Contains extensive references for further discovery and learning that are appropriate for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and those interested in drug dosage design

Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion

Author : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420050257
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion by : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.

Download or read book Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-12 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion - new technology producing oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include numerous environmental benefits as well as increased energy efficiency and productivity. The text compiles information about using oxygen to enhance high temperature industrial heating and melting processes - serving as a unique resource for specialists implementing the use of oxygen in combustion systems; combustion equipment and industrial gas suppliers; researchers; funding agencies for advanced combustion technologies; and agencies developing regulations for safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly combustion systems. Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion: Examines the fundamentals of using oxygen in combustion, pollutant emissions, oxygen production, and heat transfer Describes ferrous and nonferrous metals, glass, and incineration Discusses equipment, safety, design, and fuels Assesses recent trends including stricter environmental regulations, lower-cost methods of producing oxygen, improved burner designs, and increasing fuel costs Emphasizing applications and basic principles, this book will act as the primary resource for mechanical, chemical, aerospace, and environmental engineers and scientists; physical chemists; fuel technologists; fluid dynamists; and combustion design engineers. Topics include: General benefits Economics Potential problems Pollutant emissions Oxygen production Adsorption Air separation Heat transfer Ferrous metals Melting and refining processes Nonferrous metals Minerals Glass furnaces Incineration Safety Handling and storage Equipment design Flow controls Fuels

Constitutive Equations for Polymer Melts and Solutions

Author : Ronald G. Larson
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483162869
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutive Equations for Polymer Melts and Solutions by : Ronald G. Larson

Download or read book Constitutive Equations for Polymer Melts and Solutions written by Ronald G. Larson and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constitutive Equations for Polymer Melts and Solutions presents a description of important constitutive equations for stress and birefringence in polymer melts, as well as in dilute and concentrated solutions of flexible and rigid polymers, and in liquid crystalline materials. The book serves as an introduction and guide to constitutive equations, and to molecular and phenomenological theories of polymer motion and flow. The chapters in the text discuss topics on the flow phenomena commonly associated with viscoelasticity; fundamental elementary models for understanding the rheology of melts, solutions of flexible polymers, and advanced constitutive equations; melts and concentrated solutions of flexible polymer; and the rheological properties of real liquid crystal polymers. Chemical engineers and physicists will find the text very useful.