Polypropylene Homopolymer Via Bulk Process Cost Analysis Pp E11a

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Polypropylene Homopolymer via Bulk Process - Cost Analysis - PP E11A

Author : Intratec
Publisher : Intratec
ISBN 13 : 1641480319
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (414 download)

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Book Synopsis Polypropylene Homopolymer via Bulk Process - Cost Analysis - PP E11A by : Intratec

Download or read book Polypropylene Homopolymer via Bulk Process - Cost Analysis - PP E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polypropylene (PP) homopolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene using a bulk phase process The process examined is similar to the processes LyondellBasell Spheripol and Mitsui Hypol II. This process is based on the polymerization of liquid PG propylene, in loop reactors, to produce PP homopolymer. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polyolefins", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: PG Propylene, Propene, Tubular Reactor, Liquid-Phase Polymerization

Polypropylene Homopolymer via Bulk Process - Cost Analysis - Polypropylene E11A

Author : Intratec
Publisher : Intratec Solutions
ISBN 13 : 1945324023
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (453 download)

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Book Synopsis Polypropylene Homopolymer via Bulk Process - Cost Analysis - Polypropylene E11A by : Intratec

Download or read book Polypropylene Homopolymer via Bulk Process - Cost Analysis - Polypropylene E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polypropylene (PP) homopolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene using a bulk phase polymerization process. The process examined is similar to the processes LyondellBasell Spheripol and Mitsui Hypol II. This process is based on the polymerization of liquid PG propylene, in loop reactors, to produce PP homopolymer. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polyolefins", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: PG Propylene, Propene, Tubular Reactor, Liquid-Phase Polymerization

Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers

Author : I. M. Ward
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers by : I. M. Ward

Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers written by I. M. Ward and published by . This book was released on 1983-06-27 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise, self-contained introduction to solid polymers, the mechanics of their behavior and molecular and structural interpretations. This updated edition provides extended coverage of recent developments in rubber elasticity, relaxation transitions, non-linear viscoelastic behavior, anisotropic mechanical behavior, yield behavior of polymers, breaking phenomena, and other fields.

Principles of Polymer Design and Synthesis

Author : Wei-Fang Su
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642387306
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Polymer Design and Synthesis by : Wei-Fang Su

Download or read book Principles of Polymer Design and Synthesis written by Wei-Fang Su and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can a scientist or engineer synthesize and utilize polymers to solve our daily problems? This introductory text, aimed at the advanced undergraduate or graduate student, provides future scientists and engineers with the fundamental knowledge of polymer design and synthesis to achieve specific properties required in everyday applications. In the first five chapters, this book discusses the properties and characterization of polymers, since designing a polymer initially requires us to understand the effects of chemical structure on physical and chemical characteristics. Six further chapters discuss the principles of polymerization reactions including step, radical chain, ionic chain, chain copolymerization, coordination and ring opening. Finally, material is also included on how commonly known polymers are synthesized in a laboratory and a factory. This book is suitable for a one semester course in polymer chemistry and does not demand prior knowledge of polymer science.

Polymer Physics

Author : U.W. Gedde
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940110543X
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Physics by : U.W. Gedde

Download or read book Polymer Physics written by U.W. Gedde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of my teaching efforts during the last ten years at the Royal Institute of Technology. The purpose is to present the subject of polymer physics for undergraduate and graduate students, to focus the fundamental aspects of the subject and to show the link between experiments and theory. The intention is not to present a compilation of the currently available literature on the subject. Very few reference citations have thus been made. Each chapter has essentially the same structure: starling with an introduction, continuing with the actual subject, summarizing the chapter in 30D-500 words, and finally presenting problems and a list of relevant references for the reader. The solutions to the problems presented in Chapters 1-12 are given in Chapter 13. The theme of the book is essentially polymer science, with the exclusion of that part dealing directly with chemical reactions. The fundamentals in polymer science, including some basic polymer chemistry, are presented as an introduction in the first chapter. The next eight chapters deal with different phenomena (processes) and states of polymers. The last three chapters were written with the intention of making the reader think practically about polymer physics. How can a certain type of problem be solved? What kinds of experiment should be conducted? This book would never have been written without the help of my friend and adviser, Dr Anthony Bristow, who has spent many hours reading through the manuscript. criticizing the content.

An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers

Author : I. M. Ward
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470020377
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers by : I. M. Ward

Download or read book An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers written by I. M. Ward and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive introduction to the mechanical behaviour of solid polymers. Extensively revised and updated throughout, the second edition now includes new material on mechanical relaxations and anisotropy, composites modelling, non-linear viscoelasticity, yield behaviour and fracture of tough polymers. The accessible approach of the book has been retained with each chapter designed to be self contained and the theory and applications of the subject carefully introduced where appropriate. The latest developments in the field are included alongside worked examples, mathematical appendices and an extensive reference. Fully revised and updated throughout to include all the latest developments in the field Worked examples at the end of the chapter An invaluable resource for students of materials science, chemistry, physics or engineering studying polymer science

Handbook of Biomaterial Properties

Author : William Murphy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493933051
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Biomaterial Properties by : William Murphy

Download or read book Handbook of Biomaterial Properties written by William Murphy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-11 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides tabular and text data relating to normal and diseased tissue materials and materials used in medical devices. Comprehensive and practical for students, researchers, engineers, and practicing physicians who use implants, this book considers the materials aspects of both implantable materials and natural tissues and fluids. Examples of materials and topics covered include titanium, elastomers, degradable biomaterials, composites, scaffold materials for tissue engineering, dental implants, sterilization effects on material properties, metallic alloys, and much more. Each chapter author considers the intrinsic and interactive properties of biomaterials, as well as their appropriate applications and historical contexts. Now in an updated second edition, this book also contains two new chapters on the cornea and on vocal folds, as well as updated insights, data, and citations for several chapters.

Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites

Author : Khalid Mahmood Zia
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128123613
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites by : Khalid Mahmood Zia

Download or read book Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites written by Khalid Mahmood Zia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Chemistry, Biotechnology and Material Sciences offers considerable detail on the origin of algae, extraction of useful metabolites and major compounds from algal bio-mass, and the production and future prospects of sustainable polymers derived from algae, blends of algae, and algae based composites. Characterization methods and processing techniques for algae-based polymers and composites are discussed in detail, enabling researchers to apply the latest techniques to their own work. The conversion of bio-mass into high value chemicals, energy, and materials has ample financial and ecological importance, particularly in the era of declining petroleum reserves and global warming. Algae are an important source of biomass since they flourish rapidly and can be cultivated almost everywhere. At present the majority of naturally produced algal biomass is an unused resource and normally is left to decompose. Similarly, the use of this enormous underexploited biomass is mainly limited to food consumption and as bio-fertilizer. However, there is an opportunity here for materials scientists to explore its potential as a feedstock for the production of sustainable materials. - Provides detailed information on the extraction of useful compounds from algal biomass - Highlights the development of a range of polymers, blends, and composites - Includes coverage of characterization and processing techniques, enabling research scientists and engineers to apply the information to their own research and development - Discusses potential applications and future prospects of algae-based biopolymers, giving the latest insight into the future of these sustainable materials

Thermal Analysis of Plastics

Author : Gottfried W. Ehrenstein
Publisher : Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3446434143
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (464 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Analysis of Plastics by : Gottfried W. Ehrenstein

Download or read book Thermal Analysis of Plastics written by Gottfried W. Ehrenstein and published by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal analysis has proven to be one of the most important and meaningful test methods in the plastics industry and in testing laboratories. Although thermal analysis is used for fundamental studies related to materials science of polymers, its power lies in understanding this behavior during manufacturing processes. This understanding aids in process optimization, reduction of manufacturing cycle times, failure analysis as well as overall improvement of the material properties of the finished product, to name a few. In this book, the different test methods and their variations are described in detail, emphasizing the principles and their application in practice. Using practical examples, different approaches to problem solving are presented with a focus on the interpretation of the experimental results. Thermal analysis provides information on important properties of plastic materials, such as nucleation, crystallization, degree of crystallinity, recrystallization, melting and solidification, glass transition, curing and postcuring, thermal stability, thermal expansion, relaxation of orientation and internal stresses, pvT-data, and others. This book is a must for everybody involved in material and product development, testing, processing, quality assurance, or failure analysis in industry and laboratories. Contents: - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) - Oxidative Induction Time/Temperature (OIT) - Thermogravimetry (TG) - Thermo-Mechanical Analysis (TMA) - pvT-Measurements - Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) - Micro-Thermal Analysis - Brief Characterization of Key Polymers

Carbon Fibers

Author : Soo-Jin Park
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401794782
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon Fibers by : Soo-Jin Park

Download or read book Carbon Fibers written by Soo-Jin Park and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains eight chapters that discuss the manufacturing methods, surface treatment, composite interfaces, microstructure-property relationships with underlying fundamental physical and mechanical principles, and applications of carbon fibers and their composites. Recently, carbon-based materials have received much attention for their many potential applications. The carbon fibers are very strong, stiff, and lightweight, enabling the carbon materials to deliver improved performance in several applications such as aerospace, sports, automotive, wind energy, oil and gas, infrastructure, defense, and semiconductors. However, the use of carbon fibers in cost-sensitive, high-volume industrial applications is limited because of their relatively high costs. However, its production is expected to increase because of its widespread use in high-volume industrial applications; therefore, the methods used for manufacturing carbon fibers and carbon-fiber-reinforced composites and their structures and characteristics need to be investigated.

Finite Element Applications

Author : Michael Okereke
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319671251
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Finite Element Applications by : Michael Okereke

Download or read book Finite Element Applications written by Michael Okereke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook demonstrates the application of the finite element philosophy to the solution of real-world problems and is aimed at graduate level students, but is also suitable for advanced undergraduate students. An essential part of an engineer’s training is the development of the skills necessary to analyse and predict the behaviour of engineering systems under a wide range of potentially complex loading conditions. Only a small proportion of real-life problems can be solved analytically, and consequently, there arises the need to be able to use numerical methods capable of simulating real phenomena accurately. The finite element (FE) method is one such widely used numerical method. Finite Element Applications begins with demystifying the ‘black box’ of finite element solvers and progresses to addressing the different pillars that make up a robust finite element solution framework. These pillars include: domain creation, mesh generation and element formulations, boundary conditions, and material response considerations. Readers of this book will be equipped with the ability to develop models of real-world problems using industry-standard finite element packages.

Toughened Plastics

Author : C. Bucknall
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401753490
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Toughened Plastics by : C. Bucknall

Download or read book Toughened Plastics written by C. Bucknall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Green Biocomposites

Author : Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319493825
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Biocomposites by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Green Biocomposites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept, design and application of green biocomposites, with a specific focus on the current demand for green biocomposites for automotive and aerospace components. It discusses the mathematical background, innovative approaches to physical modelling, analysis and design techniques. Including numerous illustrations, tables, case studies and exercises, the text summarises current research in the field. It is a valuable reference resource for researchers, students and scientists working in the field of materials science.

Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, Third Edition

Author : Anil Kumar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429676301
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, Third Edition by : Anil Kumar

Download or read book Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, Third Edition written by Anil Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the chemistry of synthesis, mechanisms of polymerization, reaction engineering of step-growth and chain-growth polymerization, polymer characterization, thermodynamics and structural, mechanical, thermal and transport behavior of polymers as melts, solutions and solids, Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, Third Edition covers essential concepts and breakthroughs in reactor design and polymer production and processing. It contains modern theories and real-world examples for a clear understanding of polymer function and development. This fully updated edition addresses new materials, applications, processing techniques, and interpretations of data in the field of polymer science. It discusses the conversion of biomass and coal to plastics and fuels, the use of porous polymers and membranes for water purification, and the use of polymeric membranes in fuel cells. Recent developments are brought to light in detail, and there are new sections on the improvement of barrier properties of polymers, constitutive equations for polymer melts, additive manufacturing and polymer recycling. This textbook is aimed at senior undergraduate students and first year graduate students in polymer engineering and science courses, as well as professional engineers, scientists, and chemists. Examples and problems are included at the end of each chapter for concept reinforcement.

Carbon Fibers and Their Composite Materials

Author : Luke Henderson
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039211021
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon Fibers and Their Composite Materials by : Luke Henderson

Download or read book Carbon Fibers and Their Composite Materials written by Luke Henderson and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon fiber is an oft-referenced material that serves as a means to remove mass from large transport infrastructure. Carbon fiber composites, typically plastics reinforced with the carbon fibers, are key materials in the 21st century and have already had a significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions. Though, as with any composite material, the interface where each component meets, in this case the fiber and plastic, is critical to the overall performance. This text summarizes recent efforts to manipulate and optimize the interfacial interaction between these dissimilar materials to improve overall performance.

Composite Materials

Author : Krishan K. Chawla
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475729669
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Krishan K. Chawla

Download or read book Composite Materials written by Krishan K. Chawla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the relationship between structure and properties, this is a well-balanced treatment of the mechanics and the materials science of composites, while not neglecting the importance of processing. This updated second edition contains new chapters on fatigue and creep of composites, and describes in detail how the various reinforcements, the materials in which they are embedded, and of the interfaces between them, control the properties of the composite materials at both the micro- and macro-levels. Extensive use is made of micrographs and line drawings, and examples of practical applications in various fields are given throughout the book, together with extensive references to the literature. Intended for use in graduate and upper-division undergraduate courses, this book will also prove a useful reference for practising engineers and researchers in industry and academia.

Mechanical Fatigue of Metals

Author : José A.F.O. Correia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030139808
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanical Fatigue of Metals by : José A.F.O. Correia

Download or read book Mechanical Fatigue of Metals written by José A.F.O. Correia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the XIX International Colloquium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals, held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal, 5-7 September 2018. This International Colloquium facilitated and encouraged the exchange of knowledge and experiences among the different communities involved in both basic and applied research in the field of the fatigue of metals, looking at the problem of fatigue exploring analytical and numerical simulative approaches. Fatigue damage represents one of the most important types of damage to which structural materials are subjected in normal industrial services that can finally result in a sudden and unexpected abrupt fracture. Since metal alloys are still today the most used materials in designing the majority of components and structures able to carry the highest service loads, the study of the different aspects of metals fatigue attracts permanent attention of scientists, engineers and designers.