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Polyketones And Polysulfones For Conservation In The Ethylene Polymer Industry
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Book Synopsis Polyketones and polysulfones for conservation in the ethylene polymer industry by : Brookhaven National Laboratory. Process Sciences Division
Download or read book Polyketones and polysulfones for conservation in the ethylene polymer industry written by Brookhaven National Laboratory. Process Sciences Division and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polyketones and polysulfones for conservation in the ethylene polymer industry by : Brookhaven National Laboratory
Download or read book Polyketones and polysulfones for conservation in the ethylene polymer industry written by Brookhaven National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 4, January-March 1979 by :
Download or read book Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 4, January-March 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this program are to: (1) prepare polyketones and polysulfones by the partial substitution of CO or SO/sub 2/ for ethylene; and (2) determine their market value as low-cost energy-conserving polymers. Additional quantities of Et-CO copolymers were prepared at 680 atm, as well as at 340 atm, by Co-60 gamma radiation induced polymerization for product evaluation by Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. (TCI). The preparative phase of the joint program with TCI is thus concluded. The final results and summary of the product evaluation study by TCI will be forthcoming shortly. Work was continued on polymerization rates for gas-phase Et-SO/sub 2/ mixtures at low pressure (
Book Synopsis Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 5, April-June 1979 by :
Download or read book Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 5, April-June 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reaction kinetic studies were continued on the 6°Co gamma-induced polymerization of ethylene-SO2 (Et-SO2) mixtures. A peak in reactivity, as measured by an overall G-value of 8.4 x 104 molecules/100 eV, was found at 1.9 mole % SO2 for gas-phase mixtures containing up to 6.7 mole % SO2 and over a pressure range of 22.3 to 56.1 atm. Overall rates and G-values were obtained for liquid-phase SO2 saturated with ethylene at up to 58.2 atm total pressure. A maximum G-value of 1.3 x 105 molecules/100 eV was found in the pressure range of 34.0 to 58.2 atm. Inert gases such as helium and nitrogen in Et-SO2 gas mixtures were found to reduce peak G-values by an amount greater than could be accounted for on the basis of dilution alone. The additional effect is believed to be due to buildup of an inert gas diffusion barrier at the polymerization sites. The 6°Co gamma-induced polymerization of propylene-SO2 mixtures was investigated briefly. For the gas-phase system containing 0 to 50 mole % SO2 in the 1 to 5 atm range, a maximum rate was found at equimolar gas composition. No other peak was found at a lower SO2 concentration. The data indicate a power of 3 dependence of the rate on pressure and a power of 2 dependence of the G-value on pressure. A G-value of 1.38 x 105 molecules/100 eV was obtained for liquid SO2 saturated with propylene at 6.24 atm. Both gas-phase and liquid-phase product analyzed approximately 1:1 molar ratio propylene/SO2.
Book Synopsis Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 3, October--December 1978 by :
Download or read book Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 3, October--December 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this program is to substitute relatively large quantities of CO into ethylene copolymers forming polyketones and determine their market value as a low cost and energy conservative polymer. Preliminary studies have also been performed with Et--SU2 mixtures forming polysulfone copolymers. The work accomplished during this period is summarized below. Pound quantities of Et--CO copolymers have been produced at pressures of 680 atm with G-values range from 1000 to 3600. Oxygen acts as an inhibitor to polymerization. Tenneco Chmicals, Inc. is in the process of evaluating the properties of the copolymer. Et--CO gas copolymerized at low pressures in the order of 5 atm indicated low yields and produced a low molecular weight waxy material. Et--SO2 copolymer can be produced at low pressure (5 atm) in the gas phase by means of CO gamma radiation with chemical and physical properties that appear to be comparable to that of the copolymer made at higher pressure (50 atm). the yield in terms of G-values are high ranging to 10,000. Oxygen which initially acts as an inhibitor on subsequent radiation may act as a catalyst enhancing the rate of polymerization. Et--SO2 can be produced by thermocatalytic means, however, the most stable 1:1 Et--SO2 copolymer was not produced. The properties of the copolymer have yet to be measured to determine the relative value of the thermal versus the radiation treatment.
Book Synopsis Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 6, July-September 1979 by :
Download or read book Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 6, July-September 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characterization study on ethylene-CO (Et-CO) copolymers was concluded. The copolymers were prepared at various levels of CO composition, and with several methods loss of catalysis, including free-radical, metallic, and 6°Co irradiation. Et-CO copolymers exhibit crystallinity related to the alternating polyketone structure which increasees logarithmically with CO content over the range 28% to 49% CO. The melting point increases in essentially the same manner as crystallinity. The structure of the copolymers is independent of the type of catalysis used. Highly crystalline copolymers showed discoloration and loss of crystallinity at 140°C, whether in air or N2. Discoloration is severe at 210°C, and after heating at 280°C for 1 h, essentially all crystallinity was lost. Press molding of highly crystalline copolymer at 260°C for 5 minutes showed 38.8% loss of crystallinity and appearance of H2O and olefinic unsaturation. Reaction kinetic studies on the low-pressure (
Book Synopsis Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 1, October 1977--March 1978 by :
Download or read book Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 1, October 1977--March 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers have been prepared by chemical catalysis and /sup 60/Co gamma radiation induction, ranging in carbon monoxide content from 41 to 49%. A correlation has been established between the method of preparation, the CO content of the copolymers and the mechanical properties of the resulting products. Present evaluations indicate that copolymers containing less than or approximately 50% carbon monoxide prepared by /sup 60/Co gamma induction have significantly improved mechanical properties over copolymers prepared by traditional chemical free-radical catalysis. Based on these results, it is suggested that further experimentation be conducted in radiation-induced copolymerization especially with the use of electron beam machines presently available to industry.
Book Synopsis Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Market by :
Download or read book Polyketones and Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Market written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the increase in cost of foreign oil, ethylene costs have increased markedly within the last several years. There is a sizable incentive to reduce raw material cost for basic polymer manufacture. Polyketones, synthesized from ethylene and CO, and polysulfones, synthesized from ethylene and SO2, utilizing high energy radiation, offers one such possibility. CO and SO2, usually considered as wastes and pollutants from fossil fuel burning power plants, are converted to useful materials. The polyketones and polysulfones formed from the gas phase below 100°C have found to be high molecular weight polymers which, depending on composition, either melt with difficulty, or decompose at temperatures of 250°C or higher. The higher temperature (greater than 100°C) catalyzed reaction produces low molecular weight waxes. Design calculations indicate that for a G value of 10,000 and 50 percent energy deposition efficiency, it would take 331 MCi of 6°Co to conserve 2 billion pounds of ethylene or 25 percent of the overall U.S. consumption in the PE market by substituting CO and SO2. This savings amounts to as much as $280 million at today's market price. Electron machine radiation with a 25 percent energy deposition efficiency requires a total beam power of 9800 kW. (DLC).
Book Synopsis Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene-polymer Industry by : Meyer Steinberg
Download or read book Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene-polymer Industry written by Meyer Steinberg and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene-polymer Industry by :
Download or read book Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene-polymer Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preparation of ethylene-SO/sub 2/ polysulfone copolymers by cobalt-60 gamma irradiation, as well as by chemical catalysis, as a means of incorporating a polluting waste material such as SO/sub 2/ into useful ethylene polymers and also for the purpose of conserving ethylene feedstock is described. The physical properties of the copolymer were determined, and it was found that the copolymer is soluble in ethylene diamine and its homologues, hot concentrated H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, and cold 45% KOH. Also found was that it had no glass transition temperature, Tg, and no crystalline melting temperature, Tm, but had a decomposition temperature near 350/sup 0/C. The copolymer was pressure molded into discs at elevated temperatures, 150 to 200/sup 0/C, which had a high degree of hardness but were brittle and inhomogeneous (partly clear and partly cloudy). Sheets of the copolymer were also prepared by mixing the powdered copolymer with 4 to 5% Teflon powder on a hot tow-roll mill. The sheets thus prepared had low strength and were easily torn, but were somewhat porous and oil-absorbent. The addition of small quantities of a third monomer resulted in products containing copolymers of the modifying monomer. These modified polymers appeared soluble in common solvents. A summary of accomplishments, conclusions, and suggestions for future work are presented.
Book Synopsis Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 8, April-June 1980. [. Gamma. Radiation, Catalysis]. by :
Download or read book Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 8, April-June 1980. [. Gamma. Radiation, Catalysis]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethylene SO2 polysulfone copolymers were prepared by both cobalt-60 gamma irradiation and chemical catalysis as a means of incorporating a polluting waste material such as SO2 into useful ethylene polymers and also for the purpose of conserving ethylene feedstock. In addition, ethylene-SO2 copolymer was prepared with monomeric acrylates and vinyl acetate to produce a modified material. Discs of modified and unmodified ethylene-SO2 copolymer were pressure molded.
Book Synopsis Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 7, October 1979-March 1980 by :
Download or read book Polysulfones for Conservation in the Ethylene Polymer Industry. Progress Report No. 7, October 1979-March 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethylene-SO2 polysulfone copolymers were prepared by 6°Co gamma radiation, as well as by electron-beam radiation and by thermocatalysis, as a means of incorporating a polluting waste product material such as SO2 into ethylene polymers for the purpose of conserving ethylene feedstock. Ethylene-SO2 copolymer was pressure molded into discs which had a high degree of hardness as well as partial transparency, but were also very brittle. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated peak decomposition at 350°C. Long term heat aging tests showed stability to 175°C and initiation of decomposition at 200°C in air after 900 h. Decomposition became severe as the temperature was increased to 300°C. The activation energies for decomposition were 57.3 and 56.8 kcal/mole for liquid-phase and gas-phase formed copolymers, respectively. The ethylene-SO2 copolymer was modified by the incorporation of monomeric styrene, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, and N-vinyl pyrrolidine. A summary of characterization studies by INCO which includes solubility, infra-red and x-ray analysis of the ethylene-SO2 copolymer and with additives are presented.
Book Synopsis Conservation of Ethylene Feedstock for the Commodity Polymer Market Through the Radiation Induced Production of Polyketones and Polysulfones. [Gamma Rays and Electron Beams]. by :
Download or read book Conservation of Ethylene Feedstock for the Commodity Polymer Market Through the Radiation Induced Production of Polyketones and Polysulfones. [Gamma Rays and Electron Beams]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the increase in cost of foreign oil, ethylene costs have increased markedly within the last several years. There is presently a sizable incentive to reduce raw material cost for basic polymer manufacture. The polyketones, synthesized from ethylene and CO, and the polysulfones, synthesized from ethylene and SO2, utilizing high energy radiation, offers one such possibility. The process has the additional advantage in that CO and SO2 usually considered as wastes and pollutants from fossil fuel burning power plants are converted to useful materials. The polyketones and polysulfones formed from the gas phase below 100°C have been found to be high molecular weight polymers which, depending on composition either melt with difficulty, or decompose at temperatures of 250°C or higher. The higher temperature (greater than 100°C) catalyst-induced reaction produces low molecular weight waxes. Design calculations indicate that for a G value of 10,000 and 50 percent energy deposition efficiency, it would take 331 M Ci of 6°Co to conserve 2 billion pounds of ethylene or 25 percent of the overall U.S. market by substituting CO and SO2. This savings amounts to as much as $280 million at today's market price. Electron machine radiation with a 25 percent energy deposition efficiency requires a total beam power of 9800 KW. The use of machine radiation is preferred because of safety, availability, and initial investment. The challenge presented by the development of the described substituted polymer systems, depends on (1) the determination of the uniqueness of the radiation process, and confirming the yields with electron machine radiation, (2) the processability and market acceptability of the substituted polymers, and (3) the ability to design an efficient radiation process reactor.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Assessment of the Industrial Energy Conservation Program Publisher :National Academies ISBN 13 : Total Pages :208 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (147 download)
Book Synopsis An Assessment of the Industrial Energy Conservation Program by : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Assessment of the Industrial Energy Conservation Program
Download or read book An Assessment of the Industrial Energy Conservation Program written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Assessment of the Industrial Energy Conservation Program and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1982 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications by :
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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