Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Pollution Havens And Foreign Direct Investment
Download Pollution Havens And Foreign Direct Investment full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Pollution Havens And Foreign Direct Investment ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment by : Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik
Download or read book Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment written by Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "pollution haven" hypothesis states that multinational firms, particularly those in highly polluting industries, relocate to countries with weak environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, Smarzynska and Wei find only weak evidence in its favor.
Book Synopsis Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment by : Shang-Jin Wei
Download or read book Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment written by Shang-Jin Wei and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: September 2001 The "pollution haven" hypothesis states that multinational firms, particularly those in highly polluting industries, relocate to countries with weak environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, Smarzynska and Wei find only weak evidence in its favor. The "pollution haven" hypothesis refers to the possibility that multinational firms, particularly those engaged in highly polluting activities, relocate to countries with weaker environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, there is little evidence to support it. Smarzynska and Wei identify four obstacles that may have impeded researchers' ability to find evidence in favor of the "pollution haven" hypothesis: * The possibility that some features of host countries, such as bureaucratic corruption, may deter inward foreign direct investment and also be positively correlated with lax environmental standards. Omitting this information in statistical analyses may produce misleading results. * The possibility that country- or industry-level data, typically used in the literature, may have masked the effect at the firm level. * Difficulties associated with measuring environmental standards of the host countries. * Difficulties associated with measuring the pollution intensity of the multinational firms. The authors attempt to surmount these obstacles by explicitly taking into account corruption in host countries and using a firm-level data set on investment projects in 24 transition economies. With these improvements, the authors find some support for the "pollution haven" hypothesis, but evidence is still weak and does not survive numerous robustness checks. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effects of foreign direct investment on developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "Corruption, Pollution, and Location of International Capital Flows." The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment by : Beata Smarzynska Javorcik
Download or read book Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment written by Beata Smarzynska Javorcik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "pollution haven" hypothesis states that multinational firms, particularly those in highly polluting industries, relocate to countries with weak environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, Smarzynska and Wei find only weak evidence in its favor. The "pollution haven" hypothesis refers to the possibility that multinational firms, particularly those engaged in highly polluting activities, relocate to countries with weaker environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, there is little evidence to support it. Smarzynska and Wei identify four obstacles that may have impeded researchers' ability to find evidence in favor of the "pollution haven" hypothesis: - The possibility that some features of host countries, such as bureaucratic corruption, may deter inward foreign direct investment and also be positively correlated with lax environmental standards. Omitting this information in statistical analyses may produce misleading results. - The possibility that country- or industry-level data, typically used in the literature, may have masked the effect at the firm level. - Difficulties associated with measuring environmental standards of the host countries. - Difficulties associated with measuring the pollution intensity of the multinational firms. The authors attempt to surmount these obstacles by explicitly taking into account corruption in host countries and using a firm-level data set on investment projects in 24 transition economies. With these improvements, the authors find some support for the "pollution haven" hypothesis, but evidence is still weak and does not survive numerous robustness checks. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effects of foreign direct investment on developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "Corruption, Pollution, and Location of International Capital Flows."
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment by : Nick Mabey
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment written by Nick Mabey and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Are Foreign Investors Attracted to Weak Environmental Regulations? by : Judith Myrle Dean
Download or read book Are Foreign Investors Attracted to Weak Environmental Regulations? written by Judith Myrle Dean and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results from 2,886 manufacturing joint venture projects from 1993--96 show that EJVs from all source countries go into provinces with high concentrations of foreign investment, relatively abundant stocks of skilled workers, concentrations of potential local suppliers, special incentives, and less state ownership. Environmental stringency does affect location choice, but not as expected. Low environmental levies are a significant attraction only for joint ventures in highly-polluting industries with partners from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan (China). In contrast, joint ventures with partners from OECD sources are not attracted by low environmental levies, regardless of the pollution intensity of the industry. The authors discuss the likely role of technological differences in explaining these results"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Pollution havens and foreign direct investment by : Beata K. Smarzynska
Download or read book Pollution havens and foreign direct investment written by Beata K. Smarzynska and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pollution Havens and Foreigh Direct Investment by : Beata K. Smarzynska
Download or read book Pollution Havens and Foreigh Direct Investment written by Beata K. Smarzynska and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Racing to the Bottom? by : David Wheeler
Download or read book Racing to the Bottom? written by David Wheeler and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critics of free trade have raised the specter of a "race to the bottom" in which environmental standards collapse because polluters threaten to relocate to "pollution havens" in the developing world. The flaw in the race-to-the-bottom model is that its basic assumptions misrepresent the political economy of pollution control in developing countries
Book Synopsis Foreign Firms, Investment, and Environmental Regulation in the People's Republic of China by : Phillip Stalley
Download or read book Foreign Firms, Investment, and Environmental Regulation in the People's Republic of China written by Phillip Stalley and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book takes as its focus a simple yet critical question: Does foreign direct investment lead to weakened environmental regulation, thereby turning developing countries into "pollution havens"? The debate over this question has never before been the focus of a book about China. Phillip Stalley examines the development of Chinese law governing the environmental impact of foreign investors, describes how regional competition for investment has influenced environmental regulation, and analyzes the environmental practices of foreign and Chinese companies. He finds only modest evidence that integration with the global economy has transformed China into a pollution haven. Indeed, after China opened its domestic market, the entry of foreign films largely strengthened the environmental protection regime, including the oversight of foreign firms' environmental practices. Nevertheless, foreign firms (and the competition to lure them) have posed new challenges to controlling industrial pollution. Stalley identifies the conditions under which foreign investment contributes to and undermines environmental protection, offering readers a solid understanding of China's environmental challenges. He also builds on existing theory and provides hypotheses that can be tested with other developing nations.
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution Havens by :
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution Havens written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endogenous Pollution Havens by : Matthew A. Cole
Download or read book Endogenous Pollution Havens written by Matthew A. Cole and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We suggest a novel perspective on the relationship between the stringency of environmental policies and foreign direct investment (FDI). We develop a political economy model with imperfect product market competition where local and foreign firms jointly lobby the local government for a favorable pollution tax. FDI is found to affect environmental policy, and the effect is conditional on the local government's degree of corruptibility. If the degree of corruptibility is sufficiently high (low), FDI leads to less (more) stringent environmental policy, and FDI thus contributes to (mitigates) the creation of a pollution haven. Our empirical results using panel data from 33 countries support the predictions of the model.
Book Synopsis Agglomeration Effects in Foreign Direct Investment and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis by : Ulrich J. Wagner
Download or read book Agglomeration Effects in Foreign Direct Investment and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis written by Ulrich J. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does environmental regulation impair international competitiveness of pollution-intensive industries to the extent that they relocate to countries with less stringent regulation, turning those countries into "pollution havens"? We test this hypothesis using panel data on outward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows of various industries in the German manufacturing sector and account for several econometric issues that have been ignored in previous studies. Most importantly, we demonstrate that externalities associated with FDI agglomeration can bias estimates away from finding a pollution haven effect if omitted from the analysis. We include the stock of inward FDI as a proxy for agglomeration and employ a GMM estimator to control for endogenous, time-varying determinants of FDI flows. Furthermore, we propose a difference estimator based on the least polluting industry to break the possible correlation between environmental regulatory stringency and unobservable attributes of FDI recipients in the cross-section. When accounting for these issues we find robust evidence of a pollution haven effect for the chemical industry.
Book Synopsis Do Environmental Regulations Effect FDI Decisions? by : Haeyeon Yoon
Download or read book Do Environmental Regulations Effect FDI Decisions? written by Haeyeon Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an attempt to verify the pollution haven hypothesis, this study investigates the impact of environmental regulations on foreign direct investment (FDI). We use Korean outward FDI data covering the manufacturing sector for 2009-15. The study not only considers the stringency but also the enforcement of environmental regulations when measuring the degree of the host country's environmental regulations. Since the pollution haven's effects indicate moving the polluting production stages from the home country to other (host) countries, we distinguish between investments in the 'production' part from that in the non-production part using location information about the host country. The main results of the estimation of a FDI model show that the stricter the regulations in host countries in Asia the lower the FDI both intensively and extensively to those countries. This supports the prevalence of the effects of pollution havens. However, before we separate the FDI into the production part, the effect of environmental regulations on FDI is hindered by the FDI in the non-production part. The results indicate that environmental regulations are determinants of FDI in the production part, while environmental regulations do not have a significant effect on FDI decisions when the entire FDI is considered.
Download or read book Greening China written by Ka Zeng and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The authors make some very critical interventions in this debate and scholars engaged in the environmental ‘pollution haven’ and ‘race to the bottom’ debates will need to take the arguments made here seriously, re-evaluating their own preferred theories to respond to the insightful theorizing and empirically rigorous testing that Zeng and Eastin present in the book.” —Ronald Mitchell, University of Oregon China has earned a reputation for lax environmental standards that allegedly attract corporations more interested in profit than in moral responsibility and, consequently, further negate incentives to raise environmental standards. Surprisingly, Ka Zeng and Joshua Eastin find that international economic integration with nation-states that have stringent environmental regulations facilitates the diffusion of corporate environmental norms and standards to Chinese provinces. At the same time, concerns about “green” tariffs imposed by importing countries encourage Chinese export-oriented firms to ratchet up their own environmental standards. The authors present systematic quantitative and qualitative analyses and data that not only demonstrate the ways in which external market pressure influences domestic environmental policy but also lend credence to arguments for the ameliorative effect of trade and foreign direct investment on the global environment.
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment and The Pollution Haven Hypothesis by : Grégoire Garsous
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment and The Pollution Haven Hypothesis written by Grégoire Garsous and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Business has often been arguing against the introduction of a carbon tax because it would induce a pollution haven effect - reducing the competitiveness of domestic production and shifting both production and emissions to countries where fossil fuels are cheaper. In this paper, we shed light on such claims by estimating the effect of energy prices on one of the possible channels of the pollution haven effect - foreign direct investment (FDI). Using data for listed firms in 23 OECD countries, we find that the effect of higher domestic energy prices on firms' outward stock of FDI has been significant and positive, but small in magnitude. This effect seems driven by more permanent shocks to energy prices, in particular by those coming from more stringent upstream environmental policies
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment, Governance, and the Environment in China by : J. Zhang
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment, Governance, and the Environment in China written by J. Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book links the environment and corruption with China's large inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). It investigates the effects of economic development and foreign investment on pollution in China; the effects of corruption and governance quality on FDI location choice in China.
Book Synopsis Do Environmental Regulations Effect FDI Decisions? The Pollution Haven Hypothesis Revisited by : Haeyeon Yoon
Download or read book Do Environmental Regulations Effect FDI Decisions? The Pollution Haven Hypothesis Revisited written by Haeyeon Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an attempt to verify the pollution haven hypothesis, this study investigates the impact of environmental regulations on foreign direct investment (FDI). We use Korean outward FDI data covering the manufacturing sector for 2009-15. The study not only considers the stringency but also the enforcement of environmental regulations when measuring the degree of the host country's environmental regulations. Since the pollution haven's effects indicate moving the polluting production stages from the home country to other (host) countries, we distinguish between investments in the 'production' part from that in the non-production part using location information about the host country. The main results of the estimation of a FDI model show that the stricter the regulations in host countries in Asia the lower the FDI both intensively and extensively to those countries. This supports the prevalence of the effects of pollution havens. However, before we separate the FDI into the production part, the effect of environmental regulations on FDI is hindered by the FDI in the non-production part. The results indicate that environmental regulations are determinants of FDI in the production part, while environmental regulations do not have a significant effect on FDI decisions when the entire FDI is considered.
