Politics Of Southern Equality

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Politics of Southern Equality

Author : Frederick M. Wirt
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351498215
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Politics of Southern Equality by : Frederick M. Wirt

Download or read book Politics of Southern Equality written by Frederick M. Wirt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This path-breaking text deals with the effects of federal civil rights legislation on the behavior and attitudes of the inhabitants of a single county in Mississippi--Panola County. These effects are examined in the three civil rights areas of voting, education, and economic opportunities. By using this smaller example, Frederick M. Wirt's broader interest is to show how legislation can be used to effect social change on a large scale. The need to substitute empirical knowledge for abstract speculation motivates Wirt's study. Wirt restricts his study to one county but with conclusions on comparative studies that illumine the emerging political sociology of the South. The author sketches the historical setting of Panola County, emphasizing on the demographic, economic, and political developments in recent decades. He then examines what has actually happened in race relations as an effect of civil rights laws affecting votes, schools, and jobs. Wirt utilizes documentary material from federal, state, and county sources; local newspapers; and records from business and other groups. But his closer understanding comes from personal interviews. Because federal law is the dynamic factor setting the social system in movement, the author explains the interactions between public opinion, the President, and the Congress, which in the end resulted in the laws on votes, schools, and jobs. He also deals with the differing machinery of sanctions and enforcement. Law has a huge effect on social change; and Wirt draws from his empirical study a systematic, inclusive statement of the factors affecting compliance with law, in conditions of conventional biases.

We Ain't what We was

Author : Frederick M. Wirt
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780822318934
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis We Ain't what We was by : Frederick M. Wirt

Download or read book We Ain't what We was written by Frederick M. Wirt and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wirt uses multiple indicators - interviews with leaders, attitude tests of children, content analysis of newspapers, school records, and voting and job data - to record what has changed in the Deep South as a result of the 60s revolution in civil rights. Although racism continues to exist in Panola, Wirt maintains that the current generation of southerners is sharply distinguished from its predecessors, and he effectively documents the transformation in individuals and institutions.

Real Queer America

Author : Samantha Allen
Publisher : Little, Brown
ISBN 13 : 0316516015
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Real Queer America by : Samantha Allen

Download or read book Real Queer America written by Samantha Allen and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LAMBDA LITERARY AWARD FINALIST A transgender reporter's "powerful, profoundly moving" narrative tour through the surprisingly vibrant queer communities sprouting up in red states (New York Times Book Review), offering a vision of a stronger, more humane America. Ten years ago, Samantha Allen was a suit-and-tie-wearing Mormon missionary. Now she's a GLAAD Award-winning journalist happily married to another woman. A lot in her life has changed, but what hasn't changed is her deep love of Red State America, and of queer people who stay in so-called "flyover country" rather than moving to the liberal coasts. In Real Queer America, Allen takes us on a cross-country road-trip stretching all the way from Provo, Utah to the Rio Grande Valley to the Bible Belt to the Deep South. Her motto for the trip: "Something gay every day." Making pit stops at drag shows, political rallies, and hubs of queer life across the heartland, she introduces us to scores of extraordinary LGBT people working for change, from the first openly transgender mayor in Texas history to the manager of the only queer night club in Bloomington, Indiana, and many more. Capturing profound cultural shifts underway in unexpected places and revealing a national network of chosen family fighting for a better world, Real Queer America is a treasure trove of uplifting stories and a much-needed source of hope and inspiration in these divided times.

Southern. Gay. Teacher.

Author : Randy Fair
Publisher : Atmosphere Press
ISBN 13 : 9781646693511
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Southern. Gay. Teacher. by : Randy Fair

Download or read book Southern. Gay. Teacher. written by Randy Fair and published by Atmosphere Press. This book was released on 2020-02 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The South as a region has proven to be resistant to the idea of LGBTQ teachers. Some Southerners, including prominent politicians, have gone as far as asserting that it should be against the law for LGBTQ people to teach. This memoir chronicles the changes that Randy Fair witnessed in his over forty years of experience, both as a teacher and student, in the school systems of the South. Fair explores his experiences of overcoming his homophobic, conservative, and chaotic upbringing through the help of his teachers. He also tracks his own evolution as a gay teacher. From threats by administrators, distrust from homophobic students, and challenges by students, both gay and straight, who desperately needed more openness surrounding the issues of concern for LGBTQ people, Fair examines the difficulties he faced as a gay teacher in the South. Fair's teaching experiences also bring up issues of concern for both current and prospective teachers. Which parts of a teacher's life are public and which are private? What right does a teacher have to engage in politics and activism? How much of a teacher's beliefs are consciously or subconsciously embedded in the curriculum and the classroom experience? Through the examination of Fair's thirty years as a teacher, readers can examine more deeply the many roles and identities that a teacher must constantly confront.

Politics in the New South

Author : Richard K. Scher
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
ISBN 13 : 9781563248474
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (484 download)

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Book Synopsis Politics in the New South by : Richard K. Scher

Download or read book Politics in the New South written by Richard K. Scher and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition brings the story of 20th-century Southern politics up to the present day and the virtual triumph of Southern Republicanism. It considers the changes in party politics, leadership, civil rights and black participation in Southern politics.

The Equality of Believers

Author : Richard Elphick
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813932793
Total Pages : 862 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Equality of Believers by : Richard Elphick

Download or read book The Equality of Believers written by Richard Elphick and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the beginning of the nineteenth century through to 1960, Protestant missionaries were the most important intermediaries between South Africa’s ruling white minority and its black majority. The Equality of Believers reconfigures the narrative of race in South Africa by exploring the pivotal role played by these missionaries and their teachings in shaping that nation’s history. The missionaries articulated a universalist and egalitarian ideology derived from New Testament teachings that rebuked the racial hierarchies endemic to South African society. Yet white settlers, the churches closely tied to them, and even many missionaries evaded or subverted these ideas. In the early years of settlement, the white minority justified its supremacy by equating Christianity with white racial identity. Later, they adopted segregated churches for blacks and whites, followed by segregationist laws blocking blacks’ access to prosperity and citizenship—and, eventually, by the ambitious plan of social engineering that was apartheid. Providing historical context reaching back to 1652, Elphick concentrates on the era of industrialization, segregation, and the beginnings of apartheid in the first half of the twentieth century. The most ambitious work yet from this renowned historian, Elphick’s book reveals the deep religious roots of racial ideas and initiatives that have so profoundly shaped the history of South Africa.

Prelude to Bruise

Author : Saeed Jones
Publisher : Coffee House Press
ISBN 13 : 1566893844
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (668 download)

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Book Synopsis Prelude to Bruise by : Saeed Jones

Download or read book Prelude to Bruise written by Saeed Jones and published by Coffee House Press. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Saeed Jones: "Jones is the kind of writer who's more than wanted: he's desperately needed."—FlavorWire "I get shout-happy when I read these poems; they are the gospel; they are the good news of the sustaining power of imagination, tenderness, and outright joy."—D. A. Powell "Prelude to Bruise works its tempestuous mojo just under the skin, wreaking a sweet havoc and rearranging the pulse. These poems don't dole out mercy. Mr. Jones undoubtedly dipped his pen in fierce before crafting these stanzas that rock like backslap. Straighten your skirt, children. The doors of the church are open."—Patricia Smith "It's a big book, a major book. A game-changer. Dazzling, brutal, real. Not just brilliant, caustic, and impassioned but a work that brings history—in which the personal and political are inter-constitutive—to the immediate moment. Jones takes a reader deep into lived experience, into a charged world divided among unstable yet entrenched lines: racial, gendered, political, sexual, familial. Here we absorb each quiet resistance, each whoop of joy, a knowledge of violence and of desire, an unbearable ache/loss/yearning. This is not just a "new voice" but a new song, a new way of singing, a new music made of deep grief's wildfire, of burning intelligence and of all-feeling heart, scorched and seared. In a poem, Jones says, "Boy's body is a song only he can hear." But now that we have this book, we can all hear it. And it's unforgettable."—Brenda Shaughnessy "Inside each hunger, each desire, speaks the voice of a boy that admits "I've always wanted to be dangerous." This is not a threat but a promise to break away from the affliction of silence, to make audible the stories that trouble the dimensions of masculinity and discomfort the polite conversations about race. With impressive grace, Saeed Jones situates the queer black body at the center, where his visibility and vulnerability nurture emotional strength and the irrepressible energy to claim those spaces that were once denied or withheld from him. Prelude to a Bruise is a daring debut."—Rigoberto González From "Sleeping Arrangement": Take your hand out from under my pillow. And take your sheets with you. Drag them under. Make pretend ghosts. I can't have you rattling the bed springs so keep still, keep quiet. Mistake yourself for shadows. Learn the lullabies of lint. Saeed Jones works as the editor of BuzzfeedLGBT.

Voice and Equality

Author : Sidney Verba
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674942936
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (429 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Equality by : Sidney Verba

Download or read book Voice and Equality written by Sidney Verba and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-26 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book confirms the idea put forth by Tocqueville that American democracy is rooted in civic voluntarism—citizens’ involvement in family, work, school, and religion, as well as in their political participation as voters, campaigners, protesters, or community activists. The authors analyze civic activity with a massive survey of 15,000 people.

Democracy Rising

Author : Peter F. Lau
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813185270
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy Rising by : Peter F. Lau

Download or read book Democracy Rising written by Peter F. Lau and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered by many historians to be the birthplace of the Confederacy, South Carolina experienced one of the longest and most turbulent Reconstruction periods of all the southern states. After the Civil War, white supremacist leadership in the state fiercely resisted the efforts of freed slaves to secure full citizenship rights and to remake society based upon an expansive vision of freedom forged in slavery and the crucible of war. Despite numerous obstacles, African Americans achieved remarkable social and political advances in the ten years following the war, including the establishment of the state's first publicly-funded school system and health care for the poor. Through their efforts, the state's political process and social fabric became more democratic. Peter F. Lau traces the civil rights movement in South Carolina from Reconstruction through the early twenty-first century. He stresses that the movement was shaped by local, national, and international circumstances in which individuals worked to redefine and expand the meaning and practice of democracy beyond the borders of their own state. Contrary to recent scholars who separate civil rights claims from general calls for economic justice, Lau asserts that African American demands for civil rights have been inseparable from broader demands for a redistribution of social and economic power. Using the tension between rights possession and rights application as his organizing theme, Lau fundamentally revises our understanding of the civil rights movement in America. In addition to considering South Carolina's pivotal role in the national civil rights movement, Lau offers a comprehensive analysis of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) during the height of its power and influence, from 1910 through the years following Brown v. Board of Education (1954). During this time, the NAACP worked to ensure the rights guaranteed to African Americans by the 14th and 15th amendments and facilitated the emergence of a broad-based movement that included many of the nation's rural and most marginalized people. By examining events that occurred in South Carolina and the impact of the activities of the NAACP, Democracy Rising upends traditional interpretations of the civil rights movement in America. In their place, Lau offers an innovative way to understand the struggle for black equality by tracing the movement of people, institutions, and ideas across boundaries of region, nation, and identity. Ultimately, the book illustrates how conflicts caused by the state's history of racial exclusion and discrimination continue to shape modern society.

The Shame of Southern Politics

Author : Leslie Dunbar
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813157277
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis The Shame of Southern Politics by : Leslie Dunbar

Download or read book The Shame of Southern Politics written by Leslie Dunbar and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a leader of the Southern Regional Council in the early 1960s, and later as executive director of the Field Foundation, Leslie Dunbar's advocacy and behind-the-scenes organizing made him one of the most significant (but least recognized) people in the civil rights movement. His essays and speeches often helped set the agenda. They also continue to offer a prophetic voice in our struggle to create a more humane and fully integrated America. The Shame of Southern Politics gathers for the first time fourteen of Dunbar's essays and speeches on the courage and values of the southern civil rights movement. Dunbar's selected writings, ranging from the classic 1961 essay "The Annealing of the South" to a post-September 11th meditation, give eloquent voice to the best of America's liberal tradition. A new essay entitled "1968" offers Dunbar's unique take on that transformational year.

Maiden & Princess

Author : Daniel Haack
Publisher : little bee books
ISBN 13 : 9781499807769
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Maiden & Princess by : Daniel Haack

Download or read book Maiden & Princess written by Daniel Haack and published by little bee books. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this modern fairy tale, a strong, brave maiden is invited to attend the prince's royal ball, but at the dance, she ends up finding true love in a most surprising place. "The prince is smart and strong," she confided in her mother. "But if I'm being honest, I see him as a brother." Her mother said, "Just go! And have a bit of fun. The prince might not be right, but you could meet the one." Once in a faraway kingdom, a strong, brave maiden is invited to attend the prince's royal ball, but she's not as excited to go as everyone else. After her mother convinces her to make an appearance, she makes a huge impression on everyone present, from the villagers to the king and queen, but she ends up finding true love in a most surprising place. This book is published in partnership with GLAAD to accelerate LGBTQ inclusivity and acceptance.

Resisting Equality

Author : Stephanie R. Rolph
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807169161
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Resisting Equality by : Stephanie R. Rolph

Download or read book Resisting Equality written by Stephanie R. Rolph and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Resisting Equality Stephanie R. Rolph examines the history of the Citizens’ Council, an organization committed to coordinating opposition to desegregation and black voting rights. In the first comprehensive study of this racist group, Rolph follows the Citizens’ Council from its establishment in the Mississippi Delta, through its expansion into other areas of the country and its success in incorporating elements of its agenda into national politics, to its formal dissolution in 1989. Founded in 1954, two months after the Brown v. Board of Education decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, the Council spread rapidly in its home state of Mississippi. Initially, the organization relied on local chapters to monitor signs of black activism and take action to suppress that activism through economic and sometimes violent means. As the decade came to a close, however, the Council’s influence expanded into Mississippi’s political institutions, silencing white moderates and facilitating a wave of terror that severely obstructed black Mississippians’ participation in the civil rights movement. As the Citizens’ Council reached the peak of its power in Mississippi, its ambitions extended beyond the South. Alliances with like-minded organizations across the country supplemented waning influence at home, and the Council movement found itself in league with the earliest sparks of conservative ascension, cultivating consistent messages of grievance against minority groups and urging the necessity of white unity. Much more than a local arm of white terror, the Council’s work intersected with anticommunism, conservative ideology, grassroots activism, and Radical Right organizations that facilitated its journey from the margins into mainstream politics. Perhaps most crucially, Rolph examines the extent to which the organization survived the successes of the civil rights movement and found continued relevance even after the Council’s campaign to preserve state-sanctioned forms of white supremacy ended in defeat. Using the Council’s own materials, papers from its political allies, oral histories, and newspaper accounts, Resisting Equality illuminates the motives and mechanisms of this destructive group.

Blacks and the Quest for Economic Equality

Author : James W. Button
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271056649
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Blacks and the Quest for Economic Equality by : James W. Button

Download or read book Blacks and the Quest for Economic Equality written by James W. Button and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-08-26 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil rights movement of the 1960s improved the political and legal status of African Americans, but the quest for equality in employment and economic well-being has lagged behind. Blacks are more than twice as likely as whites to be employed in lower-paying service jobs or to be unemployed, are three times as likely to live in poverty, and have a median household income barely half of that for white households. What accounts for these disparities, and what possibilities are there for overcoming obstacles to black economic progress? This book seeks answers to these questions through a combined quantitative and qualitative study of six municipalities in Florida. Factors impeding the quest for equality include employer discrimination, inadequate education, increasing competition for jobs from white females and Latinos, and a lack of transportation, job training, affordable childcare, and other sources of support, which makes it difficult for blacks to compete effectively. Among factors aiding in the quest is the impact of black political power in enhancing opportunities for African Americans in municipal employment. The authors conclude by proposing a variety of ameliorative measures: strict enforcement of antidiscrimination laws; public policies to provide disadvantaged people with a good education, adequate shelter and food, and decent jobs; and self-help efforts by blacks to counter self-destructive attitudes and activities.

On Political Equality

Author : Robert A. Dahl
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 030013374X
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis On Political Equality by : Robert A. Dahl

Download or read book On Political Equality written by Robert A. Dahl and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the eminent psychoanalyst Leonard Shengold looks at why some people are resistant to change, even when it seems to promise a change for the better. Drawing on a lifetime of clinical experience as well as wide readings of world literature, Shengold shows how early childhood relationships with parents can lead to a powerful conviction that change means loss. Dr. Shengold, who is well known for his work on the lasting affects of childhood trauma and child abuse in such seminal books as Soul Murder and Soul Murder Revisited, continues his exploration into the consequences of early psychological injury and loss. In the examples of his patients and in the lives and work of such figures as Edna St. Vincent Millay, William Wordsworth, and Henrik Ibsen, Shengold looks at the different ways in which unconscious impressions connected with early experiences and fantasies about parents are integrated into individual lives. He shows the difficulties he encounters with his patients in raising these memories to the conscious level where they can be known and owned; and he also shows, in his survey of literary figures, how these memories can become part of the creative process. Haunted by Parents offers a deeply humane reflection on the values and limitations of therapy, on memory and the lingering effects of the past, and on the possibility of recognizing the promise of the future.

The Long Southern Strategy

Author : Angie Maxwell
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190265965
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Long Southern Strategy by : Angie Maxwell

Download or read book The Long Southern Strategy written by Angie Maxwell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Long Southern Strategy, Angie Maxwell and Todd Shields trace the consequences of the GOP's decision to court white voters in the South. Over time, Republicans adopted racially coded, anti-feminist, and evangelical Christian rhetoric and policies, making its platform more southern and more partisan, and the remodel paid off. This strategy has helped the party reach new voters and secure electoral victories, up to and including the 2016 election. Now, in any Republican primary, the most southern-presenting candidate wins, regardless of whether that identity is real or performed. Using an original and wide-ranging data set of voter opinions, Maxwell and Shields examine what southerners believe and show how Republicans such as Donald Trump stoke support in the South and among southern-identified voters across the nation.

Jumpin' Jim Crow

Author : Jane Dailey
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 069121624X
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Jumpin' Jim Crow by : Jane Dailey

Download or read book Jumpin' Jim Crow written by Jane Dailey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White supremacy shaped all aspects of post-Civil War southern life, yet its power was never complete or total. The form of segregation and subjection nicknamed Jim Crow constantly had to remake itself over time even as white southern politicians struggled to extend its grip. Here, some of the most innovative scholars of southern history question Jim Crow's sway, evolution, and methods over the course of a century. These essays bring to life the southern men and women--some heroic and decent, others mean and sinister, most a mixture of both--who supported and challenged Jim Crow, showing that white supremacy always had to prove its power. Jim Crow was always in motion, always adjusting to meet resistance and defiance by both African Americans and whites. Sometimes white supremacists responded with increased ferocity, sometimes with more subtle political and legal ploys. Jumpin' Jim Crow presents a clear picture of this complex negotiation. For example, even as some black and white women launched the strongest attacks on the system, other white women nurtured myths glorifying white supremacy. Even as elite whites blamed racial violence on poor whites, they used Jim Crow to dominate poor whites as well as blacks. Most important, the book portrays change over time, suggesting that Strom Thurmond is not a simple reincarnation of Ben Tillman and that Rosa Parks was not the first black woman to say no to Jim Crow. From a study of the segregation of household consumption to a fresh look at critical elections, from an examination of an unlikely antilynching campaign to an analysis of how miscegenation laws tried to sexualize black political power, these essays about specific southern times and places exemplify the latest trends in historical research. Its rich, accessible content makes Jumpin' Jim Crow an ideal undergraduate reader on American history, while its methodological innovations will be emulated by scholars of political history generally. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Edward L. Ayers, Elsa Barkley Brown, W. Fitzhugh Brundage, Laura F. Edwards, Kari Frederickson, David F. Godshalk, Grace Elizabeth Hale, Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, Stephen Kantrowitz, Nancy MacLean, Nell Irwin Painter, and Timothy B. Tyson.

Gender and Jim Crow

Author : Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469612453
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Jim Crow by : Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore

Download or read book Gender and Jim Crow written by Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glenda Gilmore recovers the rich nuances of southern political history by placing black women at its center. She explores the pivotal and interconnected roles played by gender and race in North Carolina politics from the period immediately preceding the disfranchisement of black men in 1900 to the time black and white women gained the vote in 1920. Gender and Jim Crow argues that the ideology of white supremacy embodied in the Jim Crow laws of the turn of the century profoundly reordered society and that within this environment, black women crafted an enduring tradition of political activism. According to Gilmore, a generation of educated African American women emerged in the 1890s to become, in effect, diplomats to the white community after the disfranchisement of their husbands, brothers, and fathers. Using the lives of African American women to tell the larger story, Gilmore chronicles black women's political strategies, their feminism, and their efforts to forge political ties with white women. Her analysis highlights the active role played by women of both races in the political process and in the emergence of southern progressivism. In addition, Gilmore illuminates the manipulation of concepts of gender by white supremacists and shows how this rhetoric changed once women, black and white, gained the vote.