The Hungarian Patient

Download The Hungarian Patient PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 6155053081
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Hungarian Patient by : Peter Krasztev

Download or read book The Hungarian Patient written by Peter Krasztev and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents compelling essays by leading Hungarian and foreign authors on the variety of social movements and parties that seek influence and power in a Hungary mired in deep and manifold crisis. The main question the volume tries to answer is: what can we expect after the fall of the semi-authoritarian Orb n regime in Hungary.ÿ Who will be the new players?ÿ What are their backgrounds? What are their political and social ideals, intentions and methods? The studies in the first section of the volume provide the reader with the reasons of the emergence of these new movements: a deep analysis of the historical, political and cultural background of the current situation. The second part contains essays and case studies which challenge the movements and parties involved to look beyond their current ineffectiveness, and to find ways of meeting the challenges that would allow them to exercise responsible and effective leadership in their time and place. This collection would be the first of the kind both in the field of movement theory/history and democracy studies because it reflects on very recent developments not researched in the international scholarly literature. One would not be able to understand contemporary Hungarian society without reading it before the 2014 elections.

Brave New Hungary

Download Brave New Hungary PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498543677
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Brave New Hungary by : János Matyas Kovács

Download or read book Brave New Hungary written by János Matyas Kovács and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brave New Hungaryfocuses on the rise of a “brave new” anti-liberal regime led by Viktor Orbán who made a decisive contribution to the transformation of a poorly managed liberal democracy to a well-organized authoritarian rule bordering on autocracy during the past decade. Emerging capitalism in post-1989 Hungary that once took pride in winning the Eastern European race for catching up with the West has evolved into a reclusive, statist, national-populist system reminding the observers of its communist and pre-communist predecessors. Going beyond the self-description of the Orbán regime that emphasizes its Christian-conservative and illiberal nature, the authors, leading experts of Hungarian politics, history, society, and economy, suggest new ways to comprehend the sharp decline of the rule of law in an EU member state. Their case studies cover crucial fields of the new authoritarian power, ranging from its historical roots and constitutional properties to media and social policies. The volume presents the Hungarian “System of National Cooperation” as a pervasive but in many respects improvised and vulnerable experiment in social engineering, rather than a set of mature and irreversible institutions. The originality of this dystopian “new world” does not stem from the transition to authoritarian control per se but its plurality of meanings. It can be seen as a simulacrum that shows different images to different viewers and perpetuates itself by its post-truth variability. Rather than pathologizing the current Hungarian regime as a result of a unique master plan designed by a cynical political entrepreneur, the authors show the transnational dynamic of backsliding – a warning for other countries that suffer from comparable deadlocks of liberal democracy.

Post-Communist Mafia State

Download Post-Communist Mafia State PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 6155513546
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (555 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Post-Communist Mafia State by : B lint Magyar

Download or read book Post-Communist Mafia State written by B lint Magyar and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections, the Hungarian political party Fidesz removed many of the institutional obstacles of exerting power. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. In a new approach the author characterizes the system as the ?organized over-world?, the ?state employing mafia methods? and the ?adopted political family', applying these categories not as metaphors but elements of a coherent conceptual framework. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are closely aligned with the interests of power and wealth concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders. While the traditional mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of influence by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The innovative conceptual framework of the book is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules. ÿ

Democratic Decline in Hungary

Download Democratic Decline in Hungary PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351684671
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Democratic Decline in Hungary by : András L. Pap

Download or read book Democratic Decline in Hungary written by András L. Pap and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the rise and morphology of a self-identified `illiberal democracy’, the first 21st century illiberal political regime arising in the European Union. Since 2010, Viktor Orbán’s governments in Hungary have convincingly offered an anti-modernist and anti-cosmopolitan/anti-European Unionist rhetoric, discourse and constitutional identity to challenge neo-liberal democracy. The Hungarian case provides unique observation points for students of transitology, especially those who are interested in states which are to abandon pathways of liberal democracy. The author demonstrates how illiberalism is present both in `how’ and `what’ is being done: the style, format and procedure of legislation; as well as the substance: the dismantling of institutional rule of law guarantees and the weakening of checks and balances. The book also discusses the ideological commitments and constitutionally framed and cemented value preferences, and a reconstituted and re-conceptualized relationship between the state and its citizens, which is not evidently supported by Hungarians’ value system and life-style choices.

Politics in Color and Concrete

Download Politics in Color and Concrete PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253009960
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Politics in Color and Concrete by : Krisztina Fehérváry

Download or read book Politics in Color and Concrete written by Krisztina Fehérváry and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical anthropology of material transformations of homes in Hungary from the 1950s o the 1990s. Material culture in Eastern Europe under state socialism is remembered as uniformly gray, shabby, and monotonous—the worst of postwar modernist architecture and design. Politics in Color and Concrete revisits this history by exploring domestic space in Hungary from the 1950s through the 1990s and reconstructs the multi-textured and politicized aesthetics of daily life through the objects, spaces, and colors that made up this lived environment. Krisztina Féherváry shows that contemporary standards of living and ideas about normalcy have roots in late socialist consumer culture and are not merely products of postsocialist transitions or neoliberalism. This engaging study decenters conventional perspectives on consumer capitalism, home ownership, and citizenship in the new Europe. “A major reinterpretation of Soviet-style socialism and an innovative model for analyzing consumption.” —Katherine Verdery, The Graduate Center, City University of New York “Politics in Color and Concrete explains why the everyday is important, and shows why domestic aesthetics embody a crucially significant politics.” —Judith Farquhar, University of Chicago “The topic is extremely timely and relevant; the writing is lucid and thorough; the theory is complex and sophisticated without being overly dense, or daunting. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it.” —Brad Weiss, College of William and Mary

The Rise of Populist Nationalism

Download The Rise of Populist Nationalism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 9633863325
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Rise of Populist Nationalism by : Margit Feischmidt

Download or read book The Rise of Populist Nationalism written by Margit Feischmidt and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-01 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this book approach the emergence and endurance of the populist nationalism in post-socialist Eastern Europe, with special emphasis on Hungary. They attempt to understand the reasons behind public discourses that increasingly reframe politics in terms of nationhood and nationalism. Overall, the volume attempts to explain how the new nationalism is rooted in recent political, economic and social processes. The contributors focus on two motifs in public discourse: shift and legacy. Some focus on shifts in public law and shifts in political ethno-nationalism through the lens of constitutional law, while others explain the social and political roots of these shifts. Others discuss the effects of legacy in memory and culture and suggest that both shift and legacy combine to produce the new era of identity politics. Legal experts emphasize that the new Fundamental Law of Hungary is radically different from all previous Hungarian constitutions, and clearly reflects a redefinition of the Hungarian state itself. The authors further examine the role of developments in the fields of sociology and political science that contribute to the kind of politics in which identity is at the fore.

The Revolt of the Provinces

Download The Revolt of the Provinces PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1785338978
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (853 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Revolt of the Provinces by : Kristóf Szombati

Download or read book The Revolt of the Provinces written by Kristóf Szombati and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth ethnographic monograph on the New Right in Central and Eastern Europe, The Revolt of the Provinces explores the making of right-wing hegemony in Hungary over the last decade. It explains the spread of racist sensibilities in depressed rural areas, shows how activists, intellectuals and politicians took advantage of popular racism to empower right-wing agendas and examines the new ruling party's success in stabilizing an 'illiberal regime'. To illuminate these important dynamics, the author proposes an innovative multi-scalar and relational framework, focusing on interaction between social antagonisms emerging on the local level and struggles waged within the political public sphere.

The Political Economy of Hungary

Download The Political Economy of Hungary PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Palgrave Pivot
ISBN 13 : 9783030105938
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (59 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Hungary by : Adam Fabry

Download or read book The Political Economy of Hungary written by Adam Fabry and published by Palgrave Pivot. This book was released on 2019-04-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the political economy of Hungary from the mid-1970s to the present. Widely considered a ‘poster boy’ of neoliberal transformation in post-communist Eastern Europe until the mid-2000s, Hungary has in recent years developed into a model ‘illiberal’ regime. Constitutional checks-and-balances are non-functioning; the independent media, trade unions, and civil society groups are constantly attacked by the authorities; there is widespread intolerance against minorities and refugees; and the governing FIDESZ party, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, controls all public institutions and increasingly large parts of the country’s economy. To make sense of the politico-economical roller coaster that Hungary has experienced in the last four decades, Fabry employs a Marxian political economy approach, emphasising competitive accumulation, class struggle (both between capital and labour, as well as different ‘fractions of capital’), and uneven and combined development. The author analyses the neoliberal transformation of the Hungarian political economy and argues that the drift to authoritarianism under the Orbán regime cannot be explained as a case of Hungarian exceptionalism, but rather represents an outcome of the inherent contradictions of the variety of neoliberalism that emerged in Hungary after 1989.

Hungary and International Politics in 1848-1849

Download Hungary and International Politics in 1848-1849 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : East European Monographs
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hungary and International Politics in 1848-1849 by : Domokos G. Kosáry

Download or read book Hungary and International Politics in 1848-1849 written by Domokos G. Kosáry and published by East European Monographs. This book was released on 2003 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young readers will love flipping the flaps to find rainforest facts and jungle adventures that will excite and inform.Little readers love lifting flaps to learn new things. Lift and Explore is a new series that allows them to do just that! These chunky, durable board books encourage kids to interact with the simple, friendly, and lively text time and time again. Each book focuses on a single topic kids love such as dinosaurs, oceans, animals, and rainforests. A simple glossary and a page of fun puzzles introduce kids to important nonfiction book features at an early age. Rainforests are filled with exciting wild life, plants, and insects waiting to be discovered. With Lift and Explore: Rainforests, young explorers lift many flaps to find out more about this exotic and exciting place. The chunky pages and sturdy flaps are perfect for pint-sized hands to lift over and over again.

How Democracies Die

Download How Democracies Die PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 1524762946
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How Democracies Die by : Steven Levitsky

Download or read book How Democracies Die written by Steven Levitsky and published by Crown. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “Comprehensive, enlightening, and terrifyingly timely.”—The New York Times Book Review (Editors' Choice) WINNER OF THE GOLDSMITH BOOK PRIZE • SHORTLISTED FOR THE LIONEL GELBER PRIZE • NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Washington Post • Time • Foreign Affairs • WBUR • Paste Donald Trump’s presidency has raised a question that many of us never thought we’d be asking: Is our democracy in danger? Harvard professors Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt have spent more than twenty years studying the breakdown of democracies in Europe and Latin America, and they believe the answer is yes. Democracy no longer ends with a bang—in a revolution or military coup—but with a whimper: the slow, steady weakening of critical institutions, such as the judiciary and the press, and the gradual erosion of long-standing political norms. The good news is that there are several exit ramps on the road to authoritarianism. The bad news is that, by electing Trump, we have already passed the first one. Drawing on decades of research and a wide range of historical and global examples, from 1930s Europe to contemporary Hungary, Turkey, and Venezuela, to the American South during Jim Crow, Levitsky and Ziblatt show how democracies die—and how ours can be saved. Praise for How Democracies Die “What we desperately need is a sober, dispassionate look at the current state of affairs. Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, two of the most respected scholars in the field of democracy studies, offer just that.”—The Washington Post “Where Levitsky and Ziblatt make their mark is in weaving together political science and historical analysis of both domestic and international democratic crises; in doing so, they expand the conversation beyond Trump and before him, to other countries and to the deep structure of American democracy and politics.”—Ezra Klein, Vox “If you only read one book for the rest of the year, read How Democracies Die. . . .This is not a book for just Democrats or Republicans. It is a book for all Americans. It is nonpartisan. It is fact based. It is deeply rooted in history. . . . The best commentary on our politics, no contest.”—Michael Morrell, former Acting Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (via Twitter) “A smart and deeply informed book about the ways in which democracy is being undermined in dozens of countries around the world, and in ways that are perfectly legal.”—Fareed Zakaria, CNN

Hungary's Negotiated Revolution

Download Hungary's Negotiated Revolution PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521578509
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (785 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hungary's Negotiated Revolution by : Rudolf L. Tökés

Download or read book Hungary's Negotiated Revolution written by Rudolf L. Tökés and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-28 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, first published in 1996, Rudolf Tökés offers a comprehensive overview of the rise and fall of the Kadar regime in Hungary between 1957 and 1990. The approach is interdisciplinary, reviewing the regime's record with emphasis on politics, macroeconomic policies, social change and the ideas and personalities of political dissidents and the regime's 'successor generation'. The study provides a fully documented reconstruction of the several phases of the ancien régime's road from economic reform to political collapse, based on interviews with former top party leaders and transcripts of the Party Central Committee. Tökés gives an in-depth account of the personalities and issues involved in Hungary's peaceful transformation from one-party state to parliamentary democracy, and a comprehensive assessment of Hungary's post-Communist politics, economy and society.

The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825-1945

Download The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825-1945 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400843022
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825-1945 by : Andrew C. Janos

Download or read book The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825-1945 written by Andrew C. Janos and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-20 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did Hungary, a country that shared much of the religious and institutional heritage of western Europe, fail to replicate the social and political experiences of the latter in the nineteenth and early twenties centuries? The answer, the author argues, lies not with cultural idiosyncracies or historical accident, but with the internal dynamics of the modern world system that stimulated aspirations not easily realizable within the confines of backward economics in peripheral national states. The author develops his theme by examining a century of Hungarian economic, social, and political history. During the period under consideration, the country witnessed attempts to transplant liberal institutions from the West, the corruption of these institutions into a "neo-corporatist" bureaucratic state, and finally, the rise of diverse Left and Right radical movements as much in protest against this institutional corruption as against the prevailing global division of labor and economic inequality. Pointing to significant analogies between the Hungarian past and the plight of the countries of the Third World today, this work should be of interest not only to the specialist on East European politics, but also to students of development, dependency, and center-periphery relations in the contemporary world.

Twenty-Five Sides of a Post-Communist Mafia State

Download Twenty-Five Sides of a Post-Communist Mafia State PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 6155513627
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (555 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Twenty-Five Sides of a Post-Communist Mafia State by : Balint Magyar

Download or read book Twenty-Five Sides of a Post-Communist Mafia State written by Balint Magyar and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twenty-five essays accompany, illustrate and underpin the conceptual framework elaborated in Post-Communist Mafia State, published in conjunction with this volume. Leading specialists analyze the manifestations of the current political regime in Hungary from twenty-five angles. Topics discussed include the ideology, constitutional issues, social policy, the judiciary, foreign relations, nationalism, media, memory politics, corruption, civil society, education, culture and so on. Beyond the basic features of the economy the domains of taxation, banking system, energy policies and the agriculture are treated in dedicated studies. The essays are based on detailed empirical investigation about conditions in today?s Hungary. They nevertheless contribute to the exploration of the characteristic features of post-communist authoritarian regimes, shared by an increasing number of countries in Europe and Central Asia.ÿ Joint publication with Noran Libro, Budapestÿ ÿ

Orbán

Download Orbán PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019091159X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Orbán by : Paul Lendvai

Download or read book Orbán written by Paul Lendvai and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A no-holds-barred biography of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who has become a pivotal figure in European politics since 2010, this is the first English- language study of the erstwhile anti-communist rebel turned populist autocrat. Through a masterly and cynical manipulation of ethnic nationalism, generating fear of migrants and deep-rooted corruption, Orbán has exploited successive electoral victories to build a closely knit and super-rich oligarchy. He holds unfettered power in Hungary and is regarded as the single most powerful leader within the European Union. Orbán's ambitions are far-reaching. Hailed by governments and far-right politicians as a symbol of a new anti-Brussels nationalism, his ruthless crackdown on refugees, his open break with normative values and his undisguised admiration for Presidents Putin and Trump mean he poses a formidable challenge to Angela Merkel and the survival of liberal democracy in a divided Europe. Drawing on access to exclusive documents and numerous interviews, celebrated veteran journalist Paul Lendvai paints a compelling portrait of the most successful and, arguably, most dangerous politician in Hungarian history.

The Politics of Pact-Making

Download The Politics of Pact-Making PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1403978573
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Politics of Pact-Making by : J. Schiemann

Download or read book The Politics of Pact-Making written by J. Schiemann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributing to the literature on democratic transitions and with a focus on institutional bargaining, in this fascinating book the Hungarian case is contrasted with those of Poland, South Africa and China to explore the contours of what bargaining strategies affect outcomes. The result is an increased understanding of how actors and their interaction can make peaceful transition possible.

The Retreat of Liberal Democracy

Download The Retreat of Liberal Democracy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030487520
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Retreat of Liberal Democracy by : Gábor Scheiring

Download or read book The Retreat of Liberal Democracy written by Gábor Scheiring and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the product of three years of empirical research, four years in politics, and a lifetime in a country experiencing three different regimes. Transcending disciplinary boundaries, it provides a fresh answer to a simple yet profound question: why has liberal democracy retreated? Scheiring argues that Hungary’s new hybrid authoritarian regime emerged as a political response to the tensions of globalisation. He demonstrates how Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz exploited the rising nationalism among the working-class casualties of deindustrialisation and the national bourgeoisie to consolidate illiberal hegemony. As the world faces a new wave of autocratisation, Hungary’s lessons become relevant across the globe, and this book represents a significant contribution to understanding challenges to democracy. This work will be useful to students and researchers across political sociology, political science, economics and social anthropology, as well democracy advocates.

The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion

Download The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Holmes & Meier Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion by : Vera Ranki

Download or read book The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion written by Vera Ranki and published by Holmes & Meier Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case of Hungarian Jews in the 19th-20th centuries, first included in the Hungarian nation and then, after 1919, excluded from it, is a poignant illustration of the changing politics of nationalism and the process of exclusion to the point of genocide. Hungarian nationalism, which emerged in the 19th century, construed the nation as a cultural entity and tended to include Hungarian-speaking, assimilated Jews in the dominant Magyar minority of the Kingdom. The treaty of Trianon changed the formula of Hungarian nationalism and made the Jews not only outsiders, but also a social hindrance. Antisemitism, which was a rather marginal phenomenon in the 19th century, became a cornerstone of the official ideology under Horthy. Horthy's Hungary cooperated willingly with the Nazis in the "solution of the Jewish question". The anti-Jewish laws of 1938-41 were enacted without Nazi pressure and were supported by popular opinion. The regime was also instrumental in the deportation of Jews in 1944. Thus, the Holocaust in Hungary was a direct outcome of the country's interwar nationalism. Tragically, the Jews of Hungary relied on the "assimilationist social contract" up to the end of the war; they believed in dialogue with the authorities, and did not protest.