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Physics Based Modeling Of Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems
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Book Synopsis Physics Based Modeling of Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems by : Hanbee Na
Download or read book Physics Based Modeling of Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems written by Hanbee Na and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses control-oriented modeling of urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) after-treatment systems used for reducing NO, emission in diesel vehicles. Starting from first-principles, appropriate simplifications are made in the underlying energy and species equations to yield simple governing equations of the Urea-SCR. The resulting nonlinear partial differential equations are discretized and linearized to yield a family of linear finite-dimensional state-space models of the SCR at different operating points. It is shown that this family of models can be reduced to three operating regions that are classified based on the relative NO, and NH3 concentrations. Within each region, parametric dependencies of the system on physical mechanisms are derived. A further model reduction is shown to be possible in each of the three regions resulting in a second-order linear model with sufficient accuracy. These models together with structured parametric dependencies on operating conditions set the stage for a systematic advanced control design that can lead to a high NO, conversion efficiency with minimal peak-slip in NH3. All model properties are validated using simulation studies of a high fidelity nonlinear model of the Urea-SCR, and compared with experimental data from a flow-reactor.
Book Synopsis Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts by : Isabella Nova
Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Book Synopsis Finding a Single Equation to Represent Urea Evaporation, Sublimation, and Decomposition in Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems by : Noah Hertzler
Download or read book Finding a Single Equation to Represent Urea Evaporation, Sublimation, and Decomposition in Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems written by Noah Hertzler and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aqueous Urea used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems undergoes three sequential processes that result in ammonia being produced to reduce harmful NOx emissions: Water evaporation, Urea sublimation, and Urea decomposition into ammonia and isocyanic acid. While these phases can be simplified by modeling the Urea as pure water, accuracy is sacrificed to do so. In order to make SCR modelling both accurate and simple, this project set out to find an equation that could represent all three processes. Simulations were run in ANSYS and Particle to generate a set of data, then an empirical equation was created to model these results. The final equation accurately models the evaporation and sublimation phases of Urea in SCR Systems. The decomposition process was not incorporated into the equation but will be the subject of future work.
Book Synopsis Model-based Control of Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems by : Mu Wang
Download or read book Model-based Control of Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems written by Mu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems by : Lino Guzzella
Download or read book Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.
Book Synopsis 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by :
Download or read book 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 2667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 25th European Symposium on Computer-Aided Process Engineering contains the papers presented at the 12th Process Systems Engineering (PSE) and 25th European Society of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Joint Event held in Copenhagen, Denmark, 31 May - 4 June 2015. The purpose of these series is to bring together the international community of researchers and engineers who are interested in computing-based methods in process engineering. This conference highlights the contributions of the PSE/CAPE community towards the sustainability of modern society. Contributors from academia and industry establish the core products of PSE/CAPE, define the new and changing scope of our results, and future challenges. Plenary and keynote lectures discuss real-world challenges (globalization, energy, environment, and health) and contribute to discussions on the widening scope of PSE/CAPE versus the consolidation of the core topics of PSE/CAPE. Highlights how the Process Systems Engineering/Computer-Aided Process Engineering community contributes to the sustainability of modern society Presents findings and discussions from both the 12th Process Systems Engineering (PSE) and 25th European Society of Computer-Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Events Establishes the core products of Process Systems Engineering/Computer Aided Process Engineering Defines the future challenges of the Process Systems Engineering/Computer Aided Process Engineering community
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Ammonia in Unsteady-state Reactors by : Claudiu Cristian Botar-Jid
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Ammonia in Unsteady-state Reactors written by Claudiu Cristian Botar-Jid and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Systems Active in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by : Daniele Biglino
Download or read book Characterization of Systems Active in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by Daniele Biglino and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Urea-water Solution by : Christian Kuntz
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Urea-water Solution written by Christian Kuntz and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urea for SCR-based NOx Control Systems and Potential Impacts to Ground Water Resources by :
Download or read book Urea for SCR-based NOx Control Systems and Potential Impacts to Ground Water Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key challenges facing manufacturers of diesel engines for light- and heavy-duty vehicles is the development of technologies for controlling emissions of nitrogen oxides, In this regard, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems represent control technology that can potentially achieve the NOx removal efficiencies required to meet new U.S. EPA standards. SCR systems rely on a bleed stream of urea solution into exhaust gases prior to catalytic reduction. While urea's role in this emission control technology is beneficial, in that it supports reduced NOx emissions, it can also be an environmental threat to ground water quality. This would occur if it is accidentally released to soils because once in that environmental medium, urea is subsequently converted to nitrate--which is regulated under the U.S. EPA's primary drinking water standards. Unfortunately, nitrate contamination of ground waters is already a significant problem across the U.S. Historically, the primary sources of nitrate in ground waters have been septic tanks and fertilizer applications. The basic concern over nitrate contamination is the potential health effects associated with drinking water containing elevated levels of nitrate. Specifically, consumption of nitrate-contaminated water can cause a blood disorder in infants known as methemoglobinemia.
Book Synopsis Selective catalytic reduction of NOx [NO tief x] from diesel engine exhaust using injection of urea by : Ronald Johannes Hultermans
Download or read book Selective catalytic reduction of NOx [NO tief x] from diesel engine exhaust using injection of urea written by Ronald Johannes Hultermans and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by : Oliver Kröcher
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by Oliver Kröcher and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx" that was published in Catalysts
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by : René Willi
Download or read book Low-temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by René Willi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Catalytic Reduction by : Thomas O. Lockyer
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction written by Thomas O. Lockyer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of the Urea-water Decomposition and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxides with Urea Using V2O5-WO3-TiO2 Catalyst by : Jasmeet Singh Johar
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of the Urea-water Decomposition and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxides with Urea Using V2O5-WO3-TiO2 Catalyst written by Jasmeet Singh Johar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two flow reactor studies, using an electrically heated laminar flow reactor over Vanadia based (V2O5-WO3/TiO2) honeycomb catalyst, were performed at 1 atm pressure and various temperatures. The experiments were conducted using simulated exhaust gas compositions for different exhaust gases. A quartz tube was used in order to establish inert conditions inside the reactor. The experiments utilized a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer in order to perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the reaction products. Urea-water solution decomposition was investigated over V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst over the entire SCR temperature range using the temperature controlled flow reactor. The solution was preheated and then injected into pure nitrogen (N2) stream. The decomposition experiments were conducted with a number of oxygen (O2) compositions (0,1, 10, and 15%) over the temperature range of 227°C to 477°C. The study showed ammonia (NH3), carbon-dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) as the major products of decomposition along with other products such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen dioxide(NO2). The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with urea-water solution over V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst using a laboratory laminar-flow reactor was investigated. Urea-water solution was injected at a temperature higher than the vaporization temperature of water and the flow reactor temperature was varied from 127°C to 477°C. A FTIR spectrometer was used to determine the concentrations of the product species. The major products of SCR reduction were NH3, NO and CO2 along with the presenceof other minor products NO2 and N2O. NO removal of up to 87% was observed. The aim of the urea-water decomposition experiments was to study the decomposition process as close to the SCR configuration as possible. The aim of the SCR experiments was to delineate the effect of various parameters including reaction temperature and O2 concentration on the reduction process. The SCR investigation showed that changing parameter values significantly affected the NO removal, the residual NH3 concentration, the temperature of the maximum NO reduction, and the temperature of complete NH3 conversion. In the presence of O2, the reaction temperature for maximum NO reduction was 377°C for [Beta] ratio of 1.0.
Book Synopsis Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis by : Jacques C. Vedrine
Download or read book Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jacques C. Vedrine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactions The book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications
Book Synopsis Sustainable Energy Systems and Applications by : Ibrahim Dincer
Download or read book Sustainable Energy Systems and Applications written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-05 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of sustainable development was first introduced by the Brundtland Commission almost 20 years ago and has received increased attention during the past decade. It is now an essential part of any energy activities. This is a research-based textbook which can be used by senior undergraduate students, graduate students, engineers, practitioners, scientists, researchers in the area of sustainable energy systems and aimed to address some key pillars: better efficiency, better cost effectiveness, better use of energy resources, better environment, better energy security, and better sustainable development. It also includes some cutting-edge topics, such hydrogen and fuel cells, renewable, clean combustion technologies, CO2 abatement technologies, and some potential tools (exergy, constructal theory, etc.) for design, analysis and performance improvement.
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