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Phylogeny And Biogeography Of The Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium
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Book Synopsis Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium by : Emily L. Lilly
Download or read book Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium written by Emily L. Lilly and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) based on morphology and phylogeny while A. insuetum and A. tamutum were clearly distinct. Three new minutum group species were identified on the basis of morphology, phylogeny and prior research. Unlike the pattern found for the tamarensis complex, toxic and non-toxic A. minutum strains cannot be segregated based upon LSU sequences. The reconstructed biogeography of the tamarensis and minutum complexes indicate that both natural dispersal and human-assisted transportation of Alexandrium have caused the geographic spread. Human-assisted transport of toxic A. catenella-type cells from Asia to the Thau Lagoon, France, was demonstrated in chapter IV. This thesis demonstrates the importance of human action in the recent PSP increase, better defines species boundaries and provides an invaluable genetic database for tracking future Alexandrium spread and distinguishing between harmful and non-toxic Alexandrium blooms.
Book Synopsis Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium by :
Download or read book Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial support was provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the MIT-WHOI Joint Program, a NSF doctoral fellowship, NOAA Grants No. NA960P0099, NA160P1438, NSF Grants No. OCE-9808173, OCE-9415536 and supported by the U.S. ECOHAB Program sponsored by NOAA, the U.S. EP A, NSF, NASA and ONR.
Book Synopsis القانون الدولي المتعلق بسير العمليات العدائية by :
Download or read book القانون الدولي المتعلق بسير العمليات العدائية written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Toxic and Non-toxic Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) Species Using Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences by : Christopher Alan Scholin
Download or read book Analysis of Toxic and Non-toxic Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) Species Using Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences written by Christopher Alan Scholin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequences of small subunit (Ss) and large subunit (Ls) ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) from the marine dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense, A. catenella, A. fundyense, A. affine, A. minutum, A. lusitanicum and A. andersoni were compared to assess the organisms' relationships. Cultures represent isolates from North America, Western Europe, Thailand, Japan, Australia and the ballast water of several cargo vessels, and include both toxic and non-toxic strains. An emphasis was placed on the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense "species complex," a group of morphotypically-similar organisms found in many regions of the world. Two distinct SsrRNA genes, termed the "A gene" and the "B gene," were found in a toxic A. fundyense isolated from eastern North America. The B gene is considered to be a pseudogene. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay developed to detect the A and B genes revealed five distinct groups of Alexandrium isolates. Three subdivide the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense complex, but do not correlate with morphospecies designations. The two remaining groups are associated with cultures that clearly differ morphologically from the A. tamarense/ catenella/fundyense group: the fourth group consists of A. affine isolates, and the fifth group is represented by A. minutum, A.lusitanicum and A. andersoni. The B gene was only found in A. tamarense/catenella/ fundyense, but not in all members of this species complex. The B gene is not uniformly distributed among global populations of Alexandrium. All A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense isolates from North America harbor this gene, but it has also been found in some A. tamarense from scattered locations in Japan, as well as in A. tamarense from the ballast water of one cargo vessel which was on a defined run from Japan to Australia. The B gene may be endemic to North American populations of A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense. It is possible that in the recent past North American A. tamarense were introduced to Japanese waters, and cysts of these organisms have been transported from Japan to Australia. A subset of isolates examined using the the RFLP assay were also compared by cloning and sequencing a fragment of their LsrDNA. Eight major classes of LsrDNA sequences, termed "ribotypes," were identified. Five ribotypes subdivide members of the A. tamarense/catenella!fundyense complex; all isolates containing the B gene cluster as one ribotype. The three remaining ribotypes are typified by: 1) A. affine; 2) A. minutum and A. lusitanicum; and, 3) A. andersoni. LsrDNAs from A. minutum and A. lusitanicum are indistinguishable. A. minutum!lusitanicum/andersoni may represent another Alexandrium species complex, analogous to the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense group. An organisms' ability to produce toxin appears to be correlated with its LsrDNA phylogenetic lineage. Ribotypes ascribed by the LsrDNA sequences are in complete agreement with, and offer a finer-scale resolution of, groups defined by SsrDNA restriction patterns. The SsrDNA RFLP groups and LsrDNA ribotypes are useful species- and population-specific markers. Alexandrium tamarense/catenella/fundyense exist as geneticallydistinct "strains" (populations), not three genetically-distinct species: representatives collected from the same geographic region appear the most similar, regardless of morphotype, whereas those from geographicallyseparated populations are more divergent even when the same morphospecies are compared. Contrary to this general pattern, A. tamarense/catenella from Japan were found to be exceptionally heterogeneous. Ballast water samples show that viable cysts (resting spores) of toxigenic A. tamarense/catenella are being discharged into Australian ports from multiple, genetically-distinct source populations. The rDNA sequences were also used to test theories accounting for the evolution and global dispersal of A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense. Results suggest a monophyletic radiation of these organisms from a common ancestor that included, or gave rise to, multiple morphotypes. Populations appear to have diverged as a result of vicariance (geographic isolation). The co-occurrence of genetically-distinct strains of these organisms is an indication of dispersal. An example of this is seen in Japan where an introduction of North American A. tamarense appears likely. Determining the timing of dispersal events is problematic if based strictly on rDNA sequence similarities, since these molecules undergo change on a scale of millions of years
Book Synopsis Characterization of Bacteria Closely Associated with Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium Fundyense by : Yuko Hasegawa
Download or read book Characterization of Bacteria Closely Associated with Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium Fundyense written by Yuko Hasegawa and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological and Behavioral Diagnostics of Nitrogen Limitation for the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense by : Nicole Jane Poulton
Download or read book Physiological and Behavioral Diagnostics of Nitrogen Limitation for the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense written by Nicole Jane Poulton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One challenge in phytoplankton ecology is to measure species-specific physiological responses to changes in environmental conditions. Of importance are species such as the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense which inhabit coastal regions and are not usually dominant. The aim of this thesis was to identify physiological and behavioral diagnostics of A. fundyense from the Gulf of Maine, and use these indicators to evaluate field populations. Using a surface-specific monoclonal-antibody two methods, flow cytometry and immunomagnetic bead-separation, were developed to identify and separate A. fundyense. Flow-cytometric techniques successfully detected and separated Alexandrium from co-occurring organisms. Using immunomagnetic-separation live A. fundyense cell were separated from spiked field samples and then used to obtain accurate chlorophyll, protein and biomass estimates. Laboratory water columns, nitrogen-(N)-starved batch cultures, and N-limited, semi-continuous cultures, were used to identify indicators of different N-nutritional states. Prolonged N-stress caused dramatic changes intracellular biochemistry, specifically toxin content and composition, however behavioral modifications were not observed. The indicators, specifically toxin ratios of different derivatives, were then used to examine toxin variability in field populations. Toxin compositional changes did occur that were generally consistent with N-stress as the bloom progressed. Overall, these results suggest that these approaches could provide valuable species-specific physiological information.
Book Synopsis A Re-evaluation of Toxic Dinoflagellate Biology and Ecology by : Karen A. Steidinger
Download or read book A Re-evaluation of Toxic Dinoflagellate Biology and Ecology written by Karen A. Steidinger and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxic Dinoflagellates by : Donald Mark Anderson
Download or read book Toxic Dinoflagellates written by Donald Mark Anderson and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Blooms of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense in the Gulf of Maine by :
Download or read book Blooms of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense in the Gulf of Maine written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research was funded by EPA STAR fellowship 91574901, National Science Foundation Grant OCE-9808173, and the WHOI Academic Programs Office.
Book Synopsis The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata) by : Enrique Balech
Download or read book The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata) written by Enrique Balech and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dinoflagellates by : Regis D. Tobias
Download or read book Dinoflagellates written by Regis D. Tobias and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the biology, geographical distribution and economic importance of dinoflagellates. Topics discussed in this compilation include the distribution, toxicity and impact on aquaculture dynamics of toxic dinoflagellates' blooms in the austral pacific region; an overview of the ecophysiology, molecular biology, and ecological impacts of the toxic bioluminescent dinoflagellate pyrodinium bahamense; and dinoflagellates of the Baikal Region.
Book Synopsis Identification of Fatty Acids Produced by the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Peruvianum and Investigation of Their Potential Hemolytic Activity by : Megan Elizabeth Meek
Download or read book Identification of Fatty Acids Produced by the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Peruvianum and Investigation of Their Potential Hemolytic Activity written by Megan Elizabeth Meek and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Blooms of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense in the Gulf of Maine by : Charles Andrew Stock
Download or read book Blooms of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense in the Gulf of Maine written by Charles Andrew Stock and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) The model suggests that differences in toxicity between the two years result from variability in the wind and its influence on the along and cross-shore transport of cells. Extended simulations generally predict a proliferation of A. fundyense abundance in mid-June within areas of retentive circulation such as Cape Cod Bay. This proliferation is not observed, and better resolution of the losses and limitations acting on A. fundyense is needed at this stage of the bloom.
Book Synopsis Molecular Characterization of the Its2 Transcript and Saxitoxin Biosynthetic Genes in Two Toxic Dinoflagellates, Alexandrium (dinophyceae) from Malaysia by :
Download or read book Molecular Characterization of the Its2 Transcript and Saxitoxin Biosynthetic Genes in Two Toxic Dinoflagellates, Alexandrium (dinophyceae) from Malaysia written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genus Alexandrium is a widely distributed dinoflagellate, and has the ability to produce potent neurotoxins, saxitoxin (STX). Taxanomy of this genus still remains uncertain and species identification is yet confusing. In this study, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) transcript was used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Alexandrium species distributed worldwide. A total of 33 ITS2 transcript of Alexandrium spp. were successfully modeled in silico, which one each from pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum, coolia malayensis and C. monotis as outgroups.
Book Synopsis Dinoflagellates by : David L. Spector
Download or read book Dinoflagellates written by David L. Spector and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book begins with a general introduction and a taxonomic description of the dinoflagellates both to acquaint those unfamiliar with this group of organisms and to set the tone for the rest of the volume. It then addresses the following topics: cell biology (cell cortex, nuclear structure, cell cycle and mitosis, sexual reproduction, cysts and unusual inclusions); biochemistry (physiology and biochemistry, blooms and toxins, and biorhythms); and genetics. In addition, a comprehensive chapter on cell culturing provides the reader with an understanding of the growth conditions and requirements of various dinoflagellates and a simple to follow listing of culture media, all expressed in similar units for ease of comparison. The volume closes with a chapter on evolution which evaluates many of the features of dinoflagellates discussed in the text in terms of evolutionary significance. We hope that this treatise will be of use to research workers and students in the area of dinoflagellate biology and in other areas of biology in which dinoflagellates may be used as a model system for studying various biological problems.
Book Synopsis Culture Studies of Two Toxic Dinoflagellate Species, Alexandrium Minutum and Gymnodinium Catenatum by : Michelle June Buttery
Download or read book Culture Studies of Two Toxic Dinoflagellate Species, Alexandrium Minutum and Gymnodinium Catenatum written by Michelle June Buttery and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lethal and Sublethal Effects of the Toxic Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium Fundyense on Three Species of Larval Fish by : Jennifer C. Samson
Download or read book Lethal and Sublethal Effects of the Toxic Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium Fundyense on Three Species of Larval Fish written by Jennifer C. Samson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
