Photoemission from Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Quasi-two Dimensional Systems with Charge Density Waves

Download Photoemission from Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Quasi-two Dimensional Systems with Charge Density Waves PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Photoemission from Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Quasi-two Dimensional Systems with Charge Density Waves by :

Download or read book Photoemission from Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Quasi-two Dimensional Systems with Charge Density Waves written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse présente une étude faite par photoémission résolue en angle (ARPES) sur des dichalcogénures de métal de transition (TMDC). Ces matériaux possèdent une structure organisée en couches leur conférant un fort caractère bidimensionnel bien visible dans leurs propriétés physiques. De plus, un grand nombre de ces composés présentent des instabilités dues, notamment, à la formation d'ondes de densité de charge. Le mécanisme de formation de ces ondes de densité de charge a été très bien décrit par les travaux de Peierls pour les systèmes à une dimension, cependant, comme les travaux présentés dans cette thèse semblent le démontrer, la généralisation de ce mécanisme pour des système à dimension supérieure n'est pas toujours trivial. Cette thèse est séparée en sept chapitres. Après une brève introduction le chapitre 2 décrit les principes de base de la photoémission, notamment comment cette méthode fournit sous certaines conditions un accès direct à la fonction spectrale. Certains concepts de la théorie à N corps utiles pour l'interprétation des mesures de photoémission se trouvent en fin de ce chapitre 2. Les chapitres suivants sont tous focalisés sur la compréhension des matériaux. Le lecteur trouvera dans le chapitre 3 une introduction générale à la problématique de ces TMDC et à la présence d'ondes de densité de charge. Les chapitres 4 et 5 sont eux spécifiquement consacré à une analyse détaillée de l'origine des ondes de densité de charge dans le 1T-TaS2 et 1T-TiSe2, respectivement. Dans le chapitre 4, après une description de la théorie des ondes de densité de charge dans les systèmes à une dimension, nous mettons en évidence par nos mesures de photoémission l'importance des corrélations pour le 1T-TaS2 ceci plaidant en faveur d'un scénario plus complexe pour la formation d'ondes de densité de charge dans ce composé. L'origine de l'onde de densité de charge dans le 1T-TiSe2 est sujet du chapitre 5, où nous nous focalisons sur le scénario excitonique. Nous dét.

Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

Download Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527838767
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides by : Chi Sin Tang

Download or read book Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides written by Chi Sin Tang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-11-08 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Comprehensive resource covering rapid scientific and technological development of polymorphic two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) over a range of disciplines and applications Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Phase Engineering and Applications in Electronics and Optoelectronics provides a discussion on the history of phase engineering in 2D-TMDs as well as an in-depth treatment on the structural and electronic properties of 2D-TMDs in their respective polymorphic structures. The text addresses different forms of in-situ synthesis, phase transformation, and characterization methods for 2D-TMD materials and provides a comprehensive treatment of both the theoretical and experimental studies that have been conducted on 2D-TMDs in their respective phases. Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides includes further information on: Thermoelectric, fundamental spin-orbit structures, Weyl semi-metallic, and superconductive and related ferromagnetic properties that 2D-TMD materials possess Existing and prospective applications of 2D-TMDs in the field of electronics and optoelectronics as well as clean energy, catalysis, and memristors Magnetism and spin structures of polymorphic 2D-TMDs and further considerations on the challenges confronting the utilization of TMD-based systems Recent progress of mechanical exfoliation and the application in the study of 2D materials and other modern opportunities for progress in the field Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides provides in-depth review introducing the electronic properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides with updates to the phase engineering transition strategies and a diverse range of arising applications, making it an essential resource for scientists, chemists, physicists, and engineers across a wide range of disciplines.

Structural-induced Modifications of Electronic Properties in Low Dimensional Systems

Download Structural-induced Modifications of Electronic Properties in Low Dimensional Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Structural-induced Modifications of Electronic Properties in Low Dimensional Systems by : Jairo Israel Obando Guevara

Download or read book Structural-induced Modifications of Electronic Properties in Low Dimensional Systems written by Jairo Israel Obando Guevara and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials offers a unique platform for the study of solids at the atomic scale. However, the manipulation of 2D materials is complex and remains a drawback for which no practical solution has been found for the mass production of devices. Quasi-2D materials are easier to manipulate while sometimes retaining the essential properties of strictly 2D materials. This thesis presents three systems that illustrate how the electronic structure of quasi-2D materials can be modified by induced changes in the atomic structure. Quasi-2D materials are susceptible to Fermi surface (FS) instabilities, which can induce phase transitions. In this context, the linear magnetoresistance of LaSb2 has been explained by a possible charge density wave (CDW). Indeed, the anisotropic structure of LaSb2 gives rise to a low-dispersion FS in kz with regions favourable to nesting. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we observe significant changes in the electronic structure at 13 K, such as FSreplicas and band folding, clear signs of additional periodicity in the CDW phase, which in some cases can lead to gap opening. These spectral features allow us to identify the nesting vector q and propose a theoretical model for the periodic distortion of the lattice ...

Emergent States in Photoinduced Charge-Density-Wave Transitions

Download Emergent States in Photoinduced Charge-Density-Wave Transitions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030817512
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emergent States in Photoinduced Charge-Density-Wave Transitions by : Alfred Zong

Download or read book Emergent States in Photoinduced Charge-Density-Wave Transitions written by Alfred Zong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book advances understanding of light-induced phase transitions and nonequilibrium orders that occur in a broken-symmetry system. Upon excitation with an intense laser pulse, materials can undergo a nonthermal transition through pathways different from those in equilibrium. The mechanism underlying these photoinduced phase transitions has long been researched, but many details in this ultrafast, non-adiabatic regime still remain to be clarified. The work in this book reveals new insights into this phenomena via investigation of photoinduced melting and recovery of charge density waves (CDWs). Using several time-resolved diffraction and spectroscopic techniques, the author shows that the light-induced melting of a CDW is characterized by dynamical slowing-down, while the restoration of the symmetry-breaking order features two distinct timescales: A fast recovery of the CDW amplitude is followed by a slower re-establishment of phase coherence, the latter of which is dictated by the presence of topological defects in the CDW. Furthermore, after the suppression of the original CDW by photoexcitation, a different, competing CDW transiently emerges, illustrating how a hidden order in equilibrium can be unleashed by a laser pulse. These insights into CDW systems may be carried over to other broken-symmetry states, such as superconductivity and magnetic ordering, bringing us one step closer towards manipulating phases of matter using a laser pulse.

Density Waves In Solids

Download Density Waves In Solids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429969562
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Density Waves In Solids by : George Gruner

Download or read book Density Waves In Solids written by George Gruner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ?Density Waves in Solids is written for graduate students and scientists interested in solid-state sciences. It discusses the theoretical and experimental state of affairs of two novel types of broken symmetry ground states of metals, charge, and spin density waves. These states arise as the consequence of electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions in low-dimensional metals.Some fundamental aspects of the one-dimensional electron gas, and of the materials with anisotropic properties, are discussed first. This is followed by the mean field theory of the phases transitions?discussed using second quantized formalism?together with the various experimental observations on the transition and on the ground states. Fluctuation effects and the collective excitations are reviewed next, using the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, followed by the review of the interaction of these states with the underlying lattice and with impurities. The final chapters are devoted to the response of the ground states to external perturbations.

Electron Spectroscopies Applied to Low-Dimensional Structures

Download Electron Spectroscopies Applied to Low-Dimensional Structures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306471264
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electron Spectroscopies Applied to Low-Dimensional Structures by : H.P. Hughes

Download or read book Electron Spectroscopies Applied to Low-Dimensional Structures written by H.P. Hughes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of reduced dimensionality, inherent at the crystallographic level, on the electronic properties of low dimensional materials can be dramatic, leading to structural and electronic instabilities—including supercond- tivity at high temperatures, charge density waves, and localisation—which continue to attract widespread interest. The layered transition metal dichalcogenides have engaged attention for many years, partly arising from the charge density wave effects which some show and the controlled way in which their properties can be modified by intercalation, while the development of epitaxial growth techniques has opened up promising areas based on dichalcogenide heterostructures and quantum wells. The discovery of high-temperature superconducting oxides, and the realisation that polymeric materials too can be exploited in a controlled way for various opto-electronic applications, have further sti- lated interest in the effects of structural dimensionality. It seems timely therefore to draw together some strands of recent research involving a range of disparate materials which share some common char- teristics of low dimensionality. This resulting volume is aimed at researchers with specialist interests in the particular materials discussed but who may also wish to examine the related phenomena observed in different systems, and at a more general solid state audience with broad interests in electronic properties and low dimensional phenomena. Space limitations have required us to be selective as regards particular materials, though we have managed to include those as dissimilar as polymeric semiconductors, superconducting oxides, bronzes and layered chalcogenides.

Dissertation Abstracts International

Download Dissertation Abstracts International PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

Download Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319314505
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides by : Alexander V. Kolobov

Download or read book Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides written by Alexander V. Kolobov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current status of theoretical and experimental progress in 2 dimensional graphene-like monolayers and few-layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Semiconducting monolayer TMDCs, due to the presence of a direct gap, significantly extend the potential of low-dimensional nanomaterials for applications in nanoelectronics and nano-optoelectronics as well as flexible nano-electronics with unprecedented possibilities to control the gap by external stimuli. Strong quantum confinement results in extremely high exciton binding energies which forms an interesting platform for both fundamental studies and device applications. Breaking of spatial inversion symmetry in monolayers results in strong spin-valley coupling potentially leading to their use in valleytronics. Starting with the basic chemistry of transition metals, the reader is introduced to the rich field of transition metal dichalcogenides. After a chapter on three dimensional crystals and a description of top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods of few-layer and single layer structures, the fascinating world of two-dimensional TMDCs structures is presented with their unique atomic, electronic, and magnetic properties. The book covers in detail particular features associated with decreased dimensionality such as stability and phase-transitions in monolayers, the appearance of a direct gap, large binding energy of 2D excitons and trions and their dynamics, Raman scattering associated with decreased dimensionality, extraordinarily strong light-matter interaction, layer-dependent photoluminescence properties, new physics associated with the destruction of the spatial inversion symmetry of the bulk phase, spin-orbit and spin-valley couplings. The book concludes with chapters on engineered heterostructures and device applications such as a monolayer MoS2 transistor. Considering the explosive interest in physics and applications of two-dimensional materials, this book is a valuable source of information for material scientists and engineers working in the field as well as for the graduate students majoring in materials science.

Physics Briefs

Download Physics Briefs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1058 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Physics Briefs by :

Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Download Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811390452
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by : Narayanasamy Sabari Arul

Download or read book Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides written by Narayanasamy Sabari Arul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents advanced synthesis techniques adopted to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials with its enhanced properties towards their utilization in various applications such as, energy storage devices, photovoltaics, electrocatalysis, electronic devices, photocatalysts, sensing and biomedical applications. It provides detailed coverage on everything from the synthesis and properties to the applications and future prospects of research in 2D TMD nanomaterials.

Diffuse Scattering of X-Rays and Neutrons by Fluctuations

Download Diffuse Scattering of X-Rays and Neutrons by Fluctuations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642787676
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (876 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diffuse Scattering of X-Rays and Neutrons by Fluctuations by : Mikhail A. Krivoglaz

Download or read book Diffuse Scattering of X-Rays and Neutrons by Fluctuations written by Mikhail A. Krivoglaz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-16 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mikhail Alexandrovich Krivoglaz died unexpectedly when he was preparing the English edition of his two-volume monograph on diffraction and diffuse scattering of X-rays and neutrons in imperfect crystals. His death was a heavy blow to all who knew him, who had worked with him and to the world science community as a whole. The application of the diffraction techniques for the study of imperfections of crystal structures was the major field of Krivoglaz' work throughout his career in science. He started working in the field in the mid-fifties and since then made fundamental contributions to the theory of real crystals. His results have largely determined the current level of knowledge in this field for more than thirty years. Until the very last days of his life, Krivoglaz continued active studies in the physics of diffraction effects in real crystals. His interest in the theory aided in the explanation of the rapidly advancing experimental studies. The milestones marking important stages of his work were the first monograph on the theory of X-ray and neutron scattering in real crystals which was published in Russian in 1967 (a revised English edition in 1969), and the two-volume mono graph published in Russian in 1983-84 (this edition is the revised translation of the latter).

Interacting Electrons and Quantum Magnetism

Download Interacting Electrons and Quantum Magnetism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461208696
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Interacting Electrons and Quantum Magnetism by : Assa Auerbach

Download or read book Interacting Electrons and Quantum Magnetism written by Assa Auerbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the excitement and rapid pace of developments, writing pedagogical texts has low priority for most researchers. However, in transforming my lecture l notes into this book, I found a personal benefit: the organization of what I understand in a (hopefully simple) logical sequence. Very little in this text is my original contribution. Most of the knowledge was collected from the research literature. Some was acquired by conversations with colleagues; a kind of physics oral tradition passed between disciples of a similar faith. For many years, diagramatic perturbation theory has been the major theoretical tool for treating interactions in metals, semiconductors, itiner ant magnets, and superconductors. It is in essence a weak coupling expan sion about free quasiparticles. Many experimental discoveries during the last decade, including heavy fermions, fractional quantum Hall effect, high temperature superconductivity, and quantum spin chains, are not readily accessible from the weak coupling point of view. Therefore, recent years have seen vigorous development of alternative, nonperturbative tools for handling strong electron-electron interactions. I concentrate on two basic paradigms of strongly interacting (or con strained) quantum systems: the Hubbard model and the Heisenberg model. These models are vehicles for fundamental concepts, such as effective Ha miltonians, variational ground states, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and quantum disorder. In addition, they are used as test grounds for various nonperturbative approximation schemes that have found applications in diverse areas of theoretical physics.

Synchrotron Radiation Applications

Download Synchrotron Radiation Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813227680
Total Pages : 669 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation Applications by : Xinyi Zhang

Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation Applications written by Xinyi Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a research-level review volume. It presents both the fundamentals and the advanced research results, covering most part of important aspects of synchrotron radiation applications. Among the broad subjects of synchrotron radiation applications, as the main content of this book we have applications in VUV, soft X-rays, hard X-rays and XFEL (X-ray free electron laser) and important applications by various synchrotron-based techniques and methods, such as ARPES (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy), VUV photo-ionization spectroscopy, X-ray absorption/emission spectroscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering, X-ray excited optical luminescence, imaging and high pressure techniques.

Space Groups for Solid State Scientists

Download Space Groups for Solid State Scientists PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080964125
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Space Groups for Solid State Scientists by : Michael Glazer

Download or read book Space Groups for Solid State Scientists written by Michael Glazer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Second Edition provides solid state scientists, who are not necessarily experts in crystallography, with an understandable and comprehensive guide to the new International Tables for Crystallography. The basic ideas of symmetry, lattices, point groups, and space groups are explained in a clear and detailed manner. Notation is introduced in a step-by-step way so that the reader is supplied with the tools necessary to derive and apply space group information. Of particular interest in this second edition are the discussions of space groups application to such timely topics as high-temperature superconductors, phase transitions, semiconductor superlattices, incommensurate modulation, and icosahedral symmetry.

Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II

Download Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0080965296
Total Pages : 7694 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II by :

Download or read book Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 7694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II, Nine Volume Set reviews and examines topics of relevance to today’s inorganic chemists. Covering more interdisciplinary and high impact areas, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II includes biological inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry, materials chemistry, and nanoscience. The work is designed to follow on, with a different viewpoint and format, from our 1973 work, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, edited by Bailar, Emeléus, Nyholm, and Trotman-Dickenson, which has received over 2,000 citations. The new work will also complement other recent Elsevier works in this area, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry and Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, to form a trio of works covering the whole of modern inorganic chemistry. Chapters are designed to provide a valuable, long-standing scientific resource for both advanced students new to an area and researchers who need further background or answers to a particular problem on the elements, their compounds, or applications. Chapters are written by teams of leading experts, under the guidance of the Volume Editors and the Editors-in-Chief. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. The chapters will not provide basic data on the elements, which is available from many sources (and the original work), but instead concentrate on applications of the elements and their compounds. Provides a comprehensive review which serves to put many advances in perspective and allows the reader to make connections to related fields, such as: biological inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry, solid state chemistry and nanoscience Inorganic chemistry is rapidly developing, which brings about the need for a reference resource such as this that summarise recent developments and simultaneously provide background information Forms the new definitive source for researchers interested in elements and their applications; completely replacing the highly cited first edition, which published in 1973

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Download Journal of the Physical Society of Japan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Journal of the Physical Society of Japan by : Nihon Butsuri Gakkai

Download or read book Journal of the Physical Society of Japan written by Nihon Butsuri Gakkai and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Superconductivity

Download Superconductivity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080550487
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Superconductivity by : Charles P. Poole

Download or read book Superconductivity written by Charles P. Poole and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconductivity, 2E is an encyclopedic treatment of all aspects of the subject, from classic materials to fullerenes. Emphasis is on balanced coverage, with a comprehensive reference list and significant graphicsfrom all areas of the published literature. Widely used theoretical approaches are explained in detail. Topics of special interest include high temperature superconductors, spectroscopy, critical states, transport properties, and tunneling.This book covers the whole field of superconductivity from both the theoretical and the experimental point of view. Comprehensive coverage of the field of superconductivity Very up-to date on magnetic properties, fluxons, anisotropies, etc. Over 2500 references to the literature Long lists of data on the various types of superconductors