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Phosphate Recovery By Synthetic Zeolite And Fly Ash
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Book Synopsis Phosphate Recovery by Synthetic Zeolite and Fly-ash by : Marc Galera Bella
Download or read book Phosphate Recovery by Synthetic Zeolite and Fly-ash written by Marc Galera Bella and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus is a limited global resource; current studies have to be focused mainly on its recovery rather than its disposal. Thereby, the operational lifespan of this resource would be extended and in turn the phosphorus resources can reduce their depletion. Nowadays, wastewater represents a breakpoint of this cycle, in our daily activity. Even though legislation rules the maxim concentration of phosphate in the effluents, it is not required its recovery, and there it lies the interesting line of work. Aiming at the development of phosphorus recovery technology from the wastewater, it was investigated the sorption behaviour of phosphate (PO43-) by sorbents like fly ash and synthetic zeolites. Furthermore, with the loaded zeolite can have the potential use as a low cost fertilizer, since the sorbed phosphate can be released to the soil. On the other hand, for this project a sorbent was previously synthetized by enhanced the original synthetic zeolite named Na-P1 to its calcium form, expecting an improvement of the new sorbent (Ca-Ze) in terms of the sorption capacity. Divided into two parts this project would achieve the following objectives. Firstly, the study of the mechanism involved in the sorption process to remove the phosphate from aqueous solution by the sorbents above mentioned. Finally, the second objective was establish the settings of the working conditions for the experimentation on a hybrid sorption-ultrafiltration pilot plant, where the sorbent with best sorption feature was tested. Experiments carried out were designed to study the behaviour between sorbent and sorbate (phosphate) under different conditions. Batch experiments were carried out under conditions of pH 8, typical of treated waste water and considering two sources of phosphate. Kinetics experiments were performed using two sources of phosphate, and two different aqueous matrix; Mili-Q and tap water. The obtained data was fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models to stablish the equilibrium. On the other hand, kinetics data were fitted by the pseudo first order, pseudo second order and Elovich models. The characterisation of the sorbents was carried out by XRD and SEM/EDAS techniques, before and after the sorption process. Moreover, as the second part of this project the best sorbent found during the equilibrium and kinetic experiment was then tested in a hybrid sorption-ultrafiltration pilot plant. Where more realistic conditions were set and tested with the aim of setting the suitable working conditions of the elements involved in the system.
Book Synopsis Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling by : Hisao Ohtake
Download or read book Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling written by Hisao Ohtake and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the engineering aspects of phosphorus (P) recovery and recycling, presenting recent research advances and applications of technologies in this important and challenging area of engineering. It highlights full-scale applications to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the new technologies. As an essential element for all living organisms, P cannot be replaced by any other element in biochemical processes, humans ultimately rely its availability. Today, P is mostly obtained from mined rock phosphate (Pi). However, natural reserves of high-grade rock Pi are limited and dwindling on a global scale. As such, there have been increased efforts to recycle P from secondary sources, including sewage sludge, animal manure, food waste, and steelmaking slag, and so close the anthropogenic P cycle. In addition to various aspects of phosphorus covered by other literature, including chemistry, biochemistry, ecology, soil-plant systems and sustainable management, this book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information on the rapidly evolving field of P recovery and recycling engineering for students, researchers, and professionals responsible for sustainable use of phosphorus.
Book Synopsis Phosphate Recovery Using Calcium Zeolite in Ultrafiltration Pilot Plant by : Pablo La Rotonda Ferrer
Download or read book Phosphate Recovery Using Calcium Zeolite in Ultrafiltration Pilot Plant written by Pablo La Rotonda Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important ecological problems is the eutrophication, this process consist in the uncontrolled growing of algae and phytoplankton, which can destroy entire aquatic ecosystems. The reason of this process is the excess of nutrients, as for example, phosphate coming from human activities. This project focus on the study of synthetic zeolites capacity to absorb phosphate from wastewater. Zeolites are porous minerals of the alumina-silicates family with high capacity of cations exchange. They can be natural or synthetic and present a tetrahedral structure that can include alkali or alkaline earth metals, those metals can improve the capacity to absorb determinates contaminants. The zeolite used for this work is a calcium zeolite (Ca-Ze) obtained from a synthetic sodium zeolite (NaP1). The NaP1 is produced using fly ashes as raw material, by hydrothermal process. The objective of the project is to evaluate: the elimination of phosphate, the equilibrium and kinetic data, using agitated reactors, and the integration of the sorption process with a separation process, using ultrafiltration membrane in different operating conditions. The evaluated operation conditions are designed to simulate the treatment of residual waters coming from industries, households and agricultural fields. Other experiments as kinetic, isotherms and point zero charge are done to characterize the zeolite used in the ultrafiltration plant and to make a comparison with other zeolites and adsorbents used for phosphate removal. Analysis results of phosphate loaded samples give information about the phosphate adsorption mechanisms and the adsorption capacity in different working conditions. The formation of calcium-phosphate minerals, brushite, is the principal phenomena during adsorption, it is favoured by low pH as seen in the results. The analytical techniques used are UV-visible spectrophotometry for phosphate analysis, ionic chromatography for the analysis of different ions presents in the water, X ray diffraction for zeolite sample analysis.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Ammonium and Phosphate Adsorption by Synthetic Zeolite by : Danni Qiu Zhang
Download or read book Characterization of Ammonium and Phosphate Adsorption by Synthetic Zeolite written by Danni Qiu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The excess of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater has caused crucial distortion in the nature such as eutrophication of water basins, disturbed the ecological balance and spoiled the water quality. Moreover, continuing population growth make that more fertilizers are needed to the agriculture. To resolve these issues, a large number of researches related to ammonium and phosphate removal and recovery from wastewater have been carried out in the last years. Between the studied techniques, ion-exchange is one of the most competitive due to its simplicity of application and operation, low cost and use of environmental friendly materials. The goal of this project is to characterize the overall sorption performance of a zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash which was provided in sodium form (Na-Ze), and its modification in potassium form (K-Ze). It was evaluate the sorption performance of these synthesized zeolites in ammonium single system and ammonium-phosphate binary system. Equilibrium and kinetic studies were performed through the batch experiments. Equilibrium experimental data was well fitted by Langmuir isotherm equation and reported sorption capacities of 109 mg·g-1 and 21 mg·g-1 for Na-Ze and 17 mg·g-1 and 29 mg·g-1 for K-Ze in single and binary system, respectively. Binary system experiments with both zeolite reported not significant phosphate sorption. Kinetic studies showed that both sorbents follow a pseudo second order reaction model and demonstrated that the NH4+ ions removal rate by K-Ze is initially very high, achieving 90% of total sorption in the first minute whereas Na-Ze achieved only the 60% of total ammonium uptake. Finally, regeneration and reuse studies evaluated by three continuous sorption-desorption cycles demonstrated that sorption capacities increased in most cases after desorption and regeneration, probably duo to the zeolite surface activation by hydroxides.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash by : Guido Gerard Hollman
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash written by Guido Gerard Hollman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waste-Based Zeolite by : Mihir Kumar Purkait
Download or read book Waste-Based Zeolite written by Mihir Kumar Purkait and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste-Based Zeolite: Synthesis and Environmental Applications focuses on the use of waste-based materials to fabricate zeolite and its subsequent use in environmental applications. It presents recent progress in zeolite synthesis using wastes products such as fly ash, steel slag, biomass waste, water treatment plant sludge, and municipal waste, among others. It discusses the application of waste-based zeolite for environmental applications such as biodiesel production, as well as considering techniques for recovering spent zeolite. Many industries produce substantial quantities of waste material comprising various hazardous constituents that lead to pollution and threaten the environment. However, such waste can often be a rich source of precursor ingredients for zeolite synthesis, and waste-based zeolites could potentially provide an economically and environmentally viable alternative to commercially available zeolites. This book illuminates this fascinating avenue of research. Investigates the synthesis of waste-based zeolites and their application for environmental remediation Covers the classification, structure, and characterization techniques of waste-based zeolites Discusses waste-based zeolites as a potential catalyst for biofuel production Considers the regeneration analysis and recovery of spent zeolite material
Book Synopsis Valorization of Phosphate from Industrial and Domestic Effluents as By-products for Fertilizers Production by : Mehrez Harmassi
Download or read book Valorization of Phosphate from Industrial and Domestic Effluents as By-products for Fertilizers Production written by Mehrez Harmassi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus in wastewater is mainly present as inorganic phosphate forms and is commonly removed through chemical co-precipitation using Al(III) and Fe(III) salts. However, precipitation is expensive and generates a waste to be disposed. If the recovery of phosphorus is the target objective the solution could be based on the integration of specific chemical processes or physico-chemical treatment process to recover phosphorous as pure mineral phases or supported onto low-cost inorganic sorbents. Recovery of phosphate from diluted streams has been evaluated by integration of a pre-concentration step using P-selective sorbents to provide concentrated effluents of phosphate (e.g. from 0.1 to 2 g P-PO43-/L) typically at alkaline pH values due to the use of alkaline solutions in the regeneration step (e.g 1% NaOH). In this study, phosphorus recovery as hydroxyapatite (Hap) from alkaline phosphate concentrates (0.25 to 1 g P-PO43-/L) using calcium chloride solutions in batch reactors was evaluated. When pH was kept constant in alkaline values (from 8 to 11.5), Hap precipitation efficiency was improved. At pH 11.5, higher phosphorus precipitation rate was registered but lower degree of crystallinity was observed. The increase of the total initial phosphate concentration lead to the formation of Hap powders with higher degree of crystallinity and crystal diameter, but also lower mean particle size. Afterwards, the detrimental effects of the presence of magnesium (II) in synthetic brines on hydroxyapatite precipitation were also evaluated. Two synthetic brines with Mg/Ca molar ratios of 2.2 and 3.3 were continuously fed to reach a Ca/P molar ratio of ̃1.67 to promote Hap formation. For both brines, inhibition of Hap precipitation and formation of the amorphous mineral phases of Ca-, Mg- and Ca/Mg-phosphates were observed at pH >9.5. Mg(II) severely inhibited phosphate precipitation, allowing the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate from meta-stable clusters due to Mg(II) incorporation into Ca-phosphate. In the experiments at pH 8, the formation of stable nanometre-sized pre-nucleation clusters promoted nucleation inhibition, even in supersaturated solutions. On the other hand, phosphate P(V) recovery by using low-cost reactive inorganic materials with improved efficiency in terms of equilibrium and kinetics has been also evaluated. The integration of powder inorganic adsorbents fly ashes and zeolitic materials for selective removal of phosphate provided phosphorus (P) containing by-products with fertilizing properties. Fly ash samples from two different coal power stations and with different CaO(s) content (Los Barrios (FA-LB)) and (Teruel (FA-TE)) were evaluated on phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. P(V) recovery, in the expected pH conditions (6 to 9) of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) secondary effluents, proceeds as combination of the dissolution of CaO(s) and formation of brushite (CaHPO4(s)) onto the fly ash particles avoiding the formation of more insoluble Ca-phosphates as hydroxyapatite with a limited fertilizing properties. Removal kinetics data were well described as diffusion-based process and the CaO(s) dissolution was discarded as the rate-controlling step. A powder zeolitic material synthetized from fly ash (NaP1-NA) and its calcium modified form (CaP1-NA) were also studied as sorbent materials for the recovery phosphate from treated waste water effluents. The sorption capacity of both zeolites on the expected pH for waste water effluents (pH from 7 to 9) was slightly dependent on pH. The stability of the loaded phosphate zeolites samples as fertilizer was evaluated by extraction experiments. Finally, the performance of Ca-activated powder zeolite (CaP1) on removing P(V) was evaluated by integrating the sorption step and the solid phase recovery by using an hybrid sorption-ultrafiltration system using a hollow fibre module.
Book Synopsis Resource Recovery and Recycling from Waste Metal Dust by : Daniel Ogochukwu Okanigbe
Download or read book Resource Recovery and Recycling from Waste Metal Dust written by Daniel Ogochukwu Okanigbe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines resource recovery and recycling from waste metal dust, including currently used techniques for waste processing and recycling and their applications, with practical examples and economic potentials of the processes. The focus of this book is on resource recovery by suitable treatments and techniques, including those of recovery by-products. For the first time, this book provides a comprehensive, one-stop reference including seminal principles and methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the processes discussed, and the economics of the technology. It will serve as a technical reference for working scientists and engineers, while serving as an educational reference to students studying the waste recovery of metals.
Book Synopsis Natural and Synthetic Zeolites by : Robert A. Clifton
Download or read book Natural and Synthetic Zeolites written by Robert A. Clifton and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Agronomy by : Donald L. Sparks
Download or read book Advances in Agronomy written by Donald L. Sparks and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-18 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Agronomy, Volume 164, the latest release in this leading reference on agronomy, contains a variety of updates and highlights new advances in the field. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Includes numerous, timely, state-of-the-art reviews on the latest advancements in agronomy Features distinguished, well recognized authors from around the world Builds upon this venerable and iconic review series Covers the extensive variety and breadth of subject matter in the crop and soil sciences
Book Synopsis POWER ENGINEERING: EFFICIENCY, RELIABILITY, SAFETY by :
Download or read book POWER ENGINEERING: EFFICIENCY, RELIABILITY, SAFETY written by and published by Red Square Scientific, Ltd.. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Application of Phosphate and Surfactant-modified Zeolite for Remediation/attenuation of Trace Elements in Soil and Coal Fly Ash by : Ghanashyam Neupane
Download or read book Application of Phosphate and Surfactant-modified Zeolite for Remediation/attenuation of Trace Elements in Soil and Coal Fly Ash written by Ghanashyam Neupane and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents results of a research work aimed at understanding and addressing trace element contamination sourced by coal fly ash and arsenic trioxide herbicide. Both alkaline and acidic fly ash samples were found to contain significant concentrations of environmentally available trace elements. The treatment of fly ash leachate with surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) decreased the mobility of several trace elements. In general, up to 30% of the As, Mo, and V; up to 80% of the Cr; and up to 20% of the Se and Sr were removed from the leachate after SMZ treatment. Batch experiments, surface complexation modeling, and X-ray spectroscopic tools were used to elucidate the kinetics and mechanisms of arsenate (As(V)) and phosphate (Pi) adsorption on ferric hydroxide. Both oxyanions showed similar adsorptions during single-ion adsorption experiments; however, As(V) was preferentially adsorbed during competitive adsorption experiments. Similarly, more As(V) was adsorbed when it was loaded in sequence in Pi-equilibrated system than vice versa. Both oxyanions competed for adsorption on ferric-hydroxide and each of them showed a limited capacity to desorb the other, and relatively, more pre-equilibrated Pi was desorbed by sequentially added As(V) than vice versa. The As K-edge EXAFS analysis indicated the presence mononuclear and binuclear bidentate As(V) surface complexes. The Fe coordination numbers (CN) of these complexes increased with increasing time and decreased with addition of Pi into the system. Finally, an arsenic-contaminated soil collected from an industrial site located in the southeastern United States was amended with Pi and Ca to precipitate the arsenic as As-bearing apatite-like minerals. Phosphoric acid amendment of the soil with simultaneous addition of Ca dramatically decreased the mobility of soil As to near zero at pH> 6. Characterization of precipitate separated from the Ca-Pi treated soil by X-ray diffraction indicated that a carbonate-apatite mineral was formed in the soil and likely incorporated As(V) into its structure. The low solubilities of many of the Ca-Pi-As(V) minerals suggest that Ca-Pi treatment has promise as an effective, long-term method for in situ chemical fixation of As in contaminated soils and wastewaters.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology Applications in Environmental Engineering by : Nazir, Rabia
Download or read book Nanotechnology Applications in Environmental Engineering written by Nazir, Rabia and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is the twenty-first century revolution that has impacted each and every aspect of life despite its small size. As nanoscale research continues to advance, scientists and engineers are developing new applications for many different disciplines, including environmental applications. Nanotechnology Applications in Environmental Engineering contains innovative research on nanomaterials and their impact on the environment. It also explores the current and potential future applications of nanodevices in environmental science and engineering, showcasing how nanomaterials can be tailored to address some of the environmental remediation and sensing/detection problems faced today. While highlighting topics such as environmental science, nanomaterials, and membrane technology, this book is ideally designed for environmental scientists, nanotechnologists, chemists, engineers, and individuals seeking current research on nanotechnology and its applications in environmental engineering.
Book Synopsis Treatment and Utilization of Combustion and Incineration Residues by : Lei Wang
Download or read book Treatment and Utilization of Combustion and Incineration Residues written by Lei Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-31 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment and Utilization of Combustion and Incineration Residues introduces state-of-art strategies for combustion and incineration solid residue management and utilization. The book also reviews current technologies for pollutant removal and control of combustion and incineration residues. Recycling ashes and slags in sustainable construction materials are also evaluated on environmental impacts and engineering values, and the use of different ashes and slags in cement clinker production is classified based on the sources and properties of the residues. In addition, the recovery of valuable metals and inorganic elements is also discussed. Finally, Treatment and Utilization of Combustion and Incineration Residues examines the latest understanding of reaction mechanisms of various treatment technologies is elaborated to foster the future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for combustion/incineration residues. Provides systematical classification and introduction of combustion/incineration solid residues Introduces the detoxification and purification technologies of hazardous combustion/incineration ashes and slags Highlights the treatment and recycling approaches of combustion and incineration residues in cement clinker production and sustainable construction materials manufacture Provides systematical classification and introduction of combustion/incineration solid residues Introduces the detoxification and purification technologies of hazardous combustion/incineration ashes and slags Highlights the treatment and recycling approaches of combustion and incineration residues in cement clinker production and sustainable construction materials manufacture
Book Synopsis Machine Learning Applications in Industrial Solid Ash by : Chongchong Qi
Download or read book Machine Learning Applications in Industrial Solid Ash written by Chongchong Qi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering the ability to process large or complex datasets, machine learning (ML) holds huge potential to reshape the whole status for solid ash management and recycling. Machine Learning for Solid Ash Management and Recycling is, as far as the author knows, the first published book about ML in solid ash management and recycling. This book highlights fundamental knowledge and recent advances in this topic, offering readers new insight into how these tools can be utilized to enhance their own work. The reference begins with fundamentals in solid ash, covering the status of solid ash generation and management. The book moves on to foundational knowledge on ML in solid ash management, which provides a brief introduction of ML for solid ash applications. The reference then goes on to discuss ML approaches currently used to address problems in solid ash management and recycling, including solid ash generation, clustering analysis, origin identification, reactivity prediction, leaching potential modelling and metal recovery evaluation, etc. Finally, potential future trends and challenges in the field are discussed. Helps readers increase their existing knowledge on data mining and ML Teaches how to apply ML techniques that work best in solid ash management and recycling through providing illustrative examples and complex practice solutions Provides an accessible introduction to the current state and future possibilities for ML in solid ash management and recycling
Book Synopsis Ash from Coal and Biomass Combustion by : Ashok K. Singh
Download or read book Ash from Coal and Biomass Combustion written by Ashok K. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-12 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise book with comprehensive information on coal and biomass ash generated from their combustion in thermal power plants. It presents detailed studies on ash generated from contrasting coal and biomass feedstocks, and provides a comparative evaluation of these different ashes in terms of their origin, properties, environmental hazards. Potential utilizations with specific advantages and disadvantages of the respective ashes are elaborated in detail, including some innovative means of ash utilization for value addition purposes. By addressing both the theory and commercial exploitation of these products, this book will be helpful for industrialists, academicians and researchers alike.
Book Synopsis Phosphorus: Polluter and Resource of the Future by : Christian Schaum
Download or read book Phosphorus: Polluter and Resource of the Future written by Christian Schaum and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and international approach that addresses the Motivations, Technologies and Assessment of the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater. This book is part of the Integrated Environmental Technology Series.
