Philosophy Cognition And Pragmatics

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Cognitive Pragmatics

Author : Marco Mazzone
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501507672
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Pragmatics by : Marco Mazzone

Download or read book Cognitive Pragmatics written by Marco Mazzone and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive pragmatics is a mature field of research, characterized by robust theories and a growing amount of experimental work. In particular, Relevance Theory has provided a rich framework for research in the field. However, this theory makes a number of assumptions that are rooted in a modular view of cognition. This book provides a detailed analysis of such assumptions, arguing for an alternative model which has, however, some support in ideas explored by relevance theorists. First of all, inferences are explained in terms of associative pattern completion within associative networks, based on the schematic organization of memory. This explanation is shown to apply to a number of cognitive domains besides pragmatics, including mindreading. Moreover, such a view is compatible with a general understanding of the neurocomputational machinery of our cortex, suggesting a general argument to the effect that modularity in its standard version cannot be right. Second, the book argues for a crucial role of conscious attention in pragmatics as well as in most cognitive processes. In the end, what is proposed is not only a revision of Relevance Theory but also a fresh analysis of reasoning, which vindicates some Gricean intuitions.

Cognitive Pragmatics

Author : Bruno G. Bara
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262014114
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Pragmatics by : Bruno G. Bara

Download or read book Cognitive Pragmatics written by Bruno G. Bara and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-05-28 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that communication is a cooperative activity between agents, who together consciously and intentionally construct the meaning of their interaction. In Cognitive Pragmatics, Bruno Bara offers a theory of human communication that is both formalized through logic and empirically validated through experimental data and clinical studies. Bara argues that communication is a cooperative activity in which two or more agents together consciously and intentionally construct the meaning of their interaction. In true communication (which Bara distinguishes from the mere transmission of information), all the actors must share a set of mental states. Bara takes a cognitive perspective, investigating communication not from the viewpoint of an external observer (as is the practice in linguistics and the philosophy of language) but from within the mind of the individual. Bara examines communicative interaction through the notion of behavior and dialogue games, which structure both the generation and the comprehension of the communication act (either language or gesture). He describes both standard communication and nonstandard communication (which includes deception, irony, and "as-if" statements). Failures are analyzed in detail, with possible solutions explained. Bara investigates communicative competence in both evolutionary and developmental terms, tracing its emergence from hominids to Homo sapiens and defining the stages of its development in humans from birth to adulthood. He correlates his theory with the neurosciences, and explains the decay of communication that occurs both with different types of brain injury and with Alzheimer's disease. Throughout, Bara offers supporting data from the literature and his own research. The innovative theoretical framework outlined by Bara will be of interest not only to cognitive scientists and neuroscientists but also to anthropologists, linguists, and developmental psychologists.

The Pragmatic Turn

Author : Andreas K. Engel
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262545772
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pragmatic Turn by : Andreas K. Engel

Download or read book The Pragmatic Turn written by Andreas K. Engel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts from a range of disciplines assess the foundations and implications of a novel action-oriented view of cognition. Cognitive science is experiencing a pragmatic turn away from the traditional representation-centered framework toward a view that focuses on understanding cognition as “enactive.” This enactive view holds that cognition does not produce models of the world but rather subserves action as it is grounded in sensorimotor skills. In this volume, experts from cognitive science, neuroscience, psychology, robotics, and philosophy of mind assess the foundations and implications of a novel action-oriented view of cognition. Their contributions and supporting experimental evidence show that an enactive approach to cognitive science enables strong conceptual advances, and the chapters explore key concepts for this new model of cognition. The contributors discuss the implications of an enactive approach for cognitive development; action-oriented models of cognitive processing; action-oriented understandings of consciousness and experience; and the accompanying paradigm shifts in the fields of philosophy, brain science, robotics, and psychology. Contributors Moshe Bar, Lawrence W. Barsalov, Olaf Blanke, Jeannette Bohg, Martin V. Butz, Peter F. Dominey, Andreas K. Engel, Judith M. Ford, Karl J. Friston, Chris D. Frith, Shaun Gallagher, Antonia Hamilton, Tobias Heed, Cecilia Heyes, Elisabeth Hill, Matej Hoffmann, Jakob Hohwy, Bernhard Hommel, Atsushi Iriki, Pierre Jacob, Henrik Jörntell, Jürgen Jost, James Kilner, Günther Knoblich, Peter König, Danica Kragic, Miriam Kyselo, Alexander Maye, Marek McGann, Richard Menary, Thomas Metzinger, Ezequiel Morsella, Saskia Nagel, Kevin J. O'Regan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, Giovanni Pezzulo, Tony J. Prescott, Wolfgang Prinz, Friedemann Pulvermüller, Robert Rupert, Marti Sanchez-Fibla, Andrew Schwartz, Anil K. Seth, Vicky Southgate, Antonella Tramacere, John K. Tsotsos, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Gabriella Vigliocco, Gottfried Vosgerau

Philosophical Perspectives for Pragmatics

Author : Marina Sbisà
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027207879
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Perspectives for Pragmatics by : Marina Sbisà

Download or read book Philosophical Perspectives for Pragmatics written by Marina Sbisà and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten volumes of "Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights" focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific cognitive, grammatical, social, cultural, variational, interactional, or discursive angles, this 10th volume focuses on the interface between pragmatics and philosophy and reviews the philosophical background from which pragmatics has taken inspiration and with which it is constantly confronted. It provides the reader with information about authors relevant to the development of pragmatics, trends or areas in philosophy that are relevant for the definition of the main concepts in pragmatics or the characterization of its cultural context, the neighbouring field of semantics (with particular respect to truth-conditional semantics and some main branches of formal semantics), and recent philosophical debates that involve pragmatic notions such as indexicality and context. While most of the references are to the analytic philosophical field, also perspectives in so-called continental philosophy are taken into account. The introductory chapter outlines some unifying routes of reflection as regards meaning, speech as action, and self and mind, and suggests some connections between doing pragmatics and doing philosophy.

Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy: Part 2 Theories and Applications

Author : Alessandro Capone
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030009734
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy: Part 2 Theories and Applications by : Alessandro Capone

Download or read book Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy: Part 2 Theories and Applications written by Alessandro Capone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two sections of this volume present theoretical developments and practical applicative papers respectively. Theoretical papers cover topics such as intercultural pragmatics, evolutionism, argumentation theory, pragmatics and law, the semantics/pragmatics debate, slurs, and more. The applied papers focus on topics such as pragmatic disorders, mapping places of origin, stance-taking, societal pragmatics, and cultural linguistics. This is the second volume of invited papers that were presented at the inaugural Pragmasofia conference in Palermo in 2016, and like its predecessor presents papers by well-known philosophers, linguists, and a semiotician. The papers present a wide variety of perspectives independent from any one school of thought.

The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy

Author : Maite Ezcurdia
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 1554810698
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (548 download)

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Book Synopsis The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy by : Maite Ezcurdia

Download or read book The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy written by Maite Ezcurdia and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The boundary between semantics and pragmatics has been important since the early twentieth century, but in the last twenty-five years it has become the central issue in the philosophy of language. This anthology collects classic philosophical papers on the topic, along with recent key contributions. It stresses not only the nature of the boundary, but also its importance for philosophy generally.

Context as Other Minds

Author : Talmy Givón
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027232274
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Context as Other Minds by : Talmy Givón

Download or read book Context as Other Minds written by Talmy Givón and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Givon's new book re-casts pragmatics, and most conspicuously the pragmatics of sociality and communication, in neuro-cognitive, bio-adaptive, evolutionary terms. The fact that context, the core notion of pragmatics, is a framing operation undertaken on the fly through judgements of relevance, has been well known since Aristotle, Kant and Peirce. But the context that is relevant to the pragmatics of sociality and communication is a highly specific mental operation the mental modeling of the interlocutor's current, rapidly shifting belief-and-intention states. The construed context of social interaction and communication is thus a mental representation of other minds. Following a condensed intellectual history of pragmatics, the book investigates the adaptive pragmatics of lexical-semantic categories the 1st-order framing of reality", what cognitive psychologists call semantic memory. Utilizing the network model, the book then takes a fresh look at the adaptive underpinnings of metaphoric meaning. The core chapters of the book outline the re-interpretation of communicative context as the systematic, on-line construction of mental models of the interlocutor's current, rapidly-shifting states of belief and intention. This grand theme is elaborated through examples from the grammar of referential coherence, verbal modalities and clause-chaining. In its final chapters, the book pushes pragmatics beyond its traditional bounds, surveying its interdisciplinary implications for philosophy of science, theory of personality, personality disorders and the calculus of social interaction.

Cognitive Semiotics

Author : Claudio Paolucci
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030429865
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Semiotics by : Claudio Paolucci

Download or read book Cognitive Semiotics written by Claudio Paolucci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume serves as a reference on the field of cognitive semantics. It offers a systematic and original discussion of the issues at the core of the debate in semiotics and the cognitive sciences. It takes into account the problems of representation, the nature of mind, the structure of perception, beliefs associated with habits, social cognition, autism, intersubjectivity and subjectivity. The chapters in this volume present the foundation of semiotics as a theory of cognition, offer a semiotic model of cognitive integration that combines Enactivism and the Extended Mind Theory, and investigate the role of imagination as the origin of perception. The author develops an account of beliefs that are associated with habits and meaning, grounded in Pragmatism, testing his Narrative Practice Semiotic Hypothesis on persons with autism spectrum disorders. He also integrates his ideas about the formation of the theory of mind with a theory of subjectivity, understood as self-consciousness which derives from semiotic cognitive abilities. This text appeals to students, professors and researchers in the field.

Pragmatics and Law

Author : Alessandro Capone
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319303856
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Pragmatics and Law by : Alessandro Capone

Download or read book Pragmatics and Law written by Alessandro Capone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights important aspects of the complex relationship between common language and legal practice. It hosts an interdisciplinary discussion between cognitive science, philosophy of language and philosophy of law, in which an international group of authors aims to promote, enrich and refine this new debate. Philosophers of law have always shown a keen interest in cognitive science and philosophy of language in order to find tools to solve their problems: recently this interest was reciprocated and scholars from cognitive science and philosophy of language now look to the law as a testing ground for their theses. Using the most sophisticated tools available to pragmatics, sociolinguistics, cognitive sciences and legal theory, an interdisciplinary, international group of authors address questions like: Does legal interpretation differ from ordinary understanding? Is the common pragmatic apparatus appropriate to legal practice? What can pragmatics teach about the concept of law and pervasive legal phenomena such as testimony or legal disagreements?

Explorations in Pragmatics

Author : Istvan Kecskes
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110198843
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Explorations in Pragmatics by : Istvan Kecskes

Download or read book Explorations in Pragmatics written by Istvan Kecskes and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume reflect current trends in international research in pragmatics over recent years. The unique feature of the book is that the authors coming from ten different countries represent all aspects of pragmatics and address issues that have emerged as the result of recent research in pragmatics proper and neighboring fields such as cognitive psychology, philosophy, and communication. Recent theoretical work on the semantics/pragmatics interface, empirical work within cognitive and developmental psychology, intercultural communication and bilingual pragmatics have directed attention to issues that warrant reexamination and revision of some of the central tenets and claims of the field of pragmatics. In addition, cultural changes originating from globalization have affected the relation of language to the wider world. In particular, the spread of English as a global language has led to the emergence of issues of usage, power, and control that must be dealt with in a comprehensive pragmatics of language. Pragmatic theories have traditionally emphasized the importance of intention, rationality, cooperation, common ground, mutual knowledge, relevance, and commitment in the formation and execution of communicative acts. The new approaches to pragmatic research reflected in this volume, while not questioning the central role of these factors, extend the purview of the discipline to allow for a more comprehensive picture of their functioning and interrelationship within the dynamics of communication. The papers address these issues from a variety of directions. In Part I, Searle and Horn examine language use and pragmatics from a philosophical perspective. In Part II, the cognitive aspect of pragmatics is represented in the papers of Moeschler, Ruiz de Mendoza & Baicchi, and Giora. They focus on well-known domains such as illocutionary constructions, the pragmatics of negation, and the relevance-theoretic concept of explicature. However, each paper sheds new light on the familiar concepts. The papers in Part III by Mey, Kecskes and Grundy discuss the intercultural aspects of pragmatics while Terkourafi explores the explanatory potential of an interpretation of Grice's Cooperative Principle. Margerie's and Geeraert & Kristiansen's articles focus on the application of usage-based methodology in different ways within pragmatics.

Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition

Author : Sophia Marmaridou
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027282560
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition by : Sophia Marmaridou

Download or read book Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition written by Sophia Marmaridou and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000-06-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a good overview of philosophical and cognitive approaches to language use and meaning. A synthesis of such approaches leads to a dynamic concept of pragmatic meaning which is on the one hand grounded in cognition and motivated by linguistic and cultural convention and, on the other, creates a framework for studying the interactive and social dimensions of the development of meaning in linguistic communication. Through an experientialist approach based on connectionist models, the author shows that by internalizing pragmatic meaning people become social agents who reproduce, challenge or change their social parameters during interaction.Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition is suitable as a course book in Pragmatics and Semantics and of interest to those concerned with cognitive models and dynamic and social aspects of linguistic communication.

Pragmatics and Semantics

Author : Carol A. Kates
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501752170
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Pragmatics and Semantics by : Carol A. Kates

Download or read book Pragmatics and Semantics written by Carol A. Kates and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the nature of communicative competence? Carol Kates addresses this crucial linguistic question, examining and finally rejecting the rationalistic theory proposed by Noam Chomsky and elaborated by Jerrold J. Katz, among others. She sets forth three reasons why the rationalistic model shoudl be rejected: (1) it has not been supported by empirical tests; (2) it cannot accommodate the pragmatic relation between speaker and sign; and (3) the theory of universal grammar carries with it unacceptable metaphysical implications unless it is interpreted in light of empiricism. Kates proposes an empiricist model in place of the rationalistic theory—a model that, in her view, is more consistent with recent findings in linguistics and psycholinguistics. In attempting to clarify the nature of utterance meaning, Kates develops theoretical perspectives on phenomenological empiricism and produces an account of reference and intentionality directly relevant to empiricaly based theories of speaking and understanding. Among the major topics addressed in the book are transformational-generative and universal grammer, cognitive theories of language acquisition, pragmatic structure, predication and topic-comment structure, and empiricism and the philosophical problem of universals. An innovative and probing work, Pragmatics and Semantics will be welcomed by philosophers, linguists, and psycholinguists.

Cognition and Pragmatics

Author : Dominiek Sandra
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027207801
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Pragmatics by : Dominiek Sandra

Download or read book Cognition and Pragmatics written by Dominiek Sandra and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten volumes of "Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights" focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While other volumes select philosophical, grammatical, social, variational, interactional, or discursive angles, this third volume focuses on the interface between language and cognition. Language use is impossible without the mobilization of a large variety of cognitive processes, each serving a different purpose. During the last half century cognitive approaches to language have been particularly successful, and the broad spectrum of contributions to this volume testify to this success. As cognitive approaches to language are by definition a subset of the larger enterprise of cognitive science, a contribution on this general topic sets the stage. This is joined by a chapter on cognitive grammar, a theoretical study of the architecture of human language that is deeply inspired by general cognitive principles. A chapter on experimentation offers a crash-course on basic issues of experimental design and on the rationale behind statistical testing in general and the most important statistical tests in particular, offering a methodological toolkit for understanding many of the other contributions. Different chapters cover a broad range of topics: language acquisition, psycholinguistics, specialized topics within the latter field (e.g. the bilingual mental lexicon, categorization), and aspects of language awareness. Some chapters home in on what have become indispensible perspectives on the cognitive underpinnings of language: the way language is represented and processed in the human brain and simulation studies. The ever-growing success of the latter type of studies is exemplified, for instance, by the highly flourishing connectionist tradition and the more general paradigm of artificial intelligence, each of which is dealt with in a separate contribution.

Experimental Pragmatics

Author : I. Noveck
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230524125
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Pragmatics by : I. Noveck

Download or read book Experimental Pragmatics written by I. Noveck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we understand what we are told, resolve ambiguities, appreciate metaphor and irony, and grasp both explicit and implicit content in verbal communication? This book provides the first comprehensive introduction to an exciting new field in which models of language and meaning are tested and compared using techniques from psycholinguistics.

Darwinian Biolinguistics

Author : Antonino Pennisi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319476882
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Darwinian Biolinguistics by : Antonino Pennisi

Download or read book Darwinian Biolinguistics written by Antonino Pennisi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a radically evolutionary approach to biolinguistics that consists in considering human language as a form of species-specific intelligence entirely embodied in the corporeal structures of Homo sapiens. The book starts with a historical reconstruction of two opposing biolinguistic models: the Chomskian Biolinguistic Model (CBM) and the Darwinian Biolinguistic Model (DBM). The second part compares the two models and develops into a complete reconsideration of the traditional biolinguistic issues in an evolutionary perspective, highlighting their potential influence on the paradigm of biologically oriented cognitive science. The third part formulates the philosophical, evolutionary and experimental basis of an extended theory of linguistic performativity within a naturalistic perspective of pragmatics of verbal language. The book proposes a model in which the continuity between human and non-human primates is linked to the gradual development of the articulatory and neurocerebral structures, and to a kind of prelinguistic pragmatics which characterizes the common nature of social learning. In contrast, grammatical, semantic and pragmatic skills that mark the learning of historical-natural languages are seen as a rapid acceleration of cultural evolution. The book makes clear that this acceleration will not necessarily favour the long-term adaptations for Homo sapiens.

Cognitive Pragmatics

Author : Hans-J Rg Schmid
Publisher : Mouton De Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 9783110214208
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Pragmatics by : Hans-J Rg Schmid

Download or read book Cognitive Pragmatics written by Hans-J Rg Schmid and published by Mouton De Gruyter. This book was released on 2012 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speakers tend to compose their utterances in such a way that the message they want to get across is hardly ever fully encoded by the meanings of the words and the grammar they use. Instead speakers rely on hearers adding conceptual and emotive content while interpreting the contextually appropriate meanings and intentions behind utterances. This insight, which is of course particularly relevant in all kinds of indirect, figurative or humorous talk, lies at the heart of the linguistic discipline of pragmatics. If pragmatics is the study of meaning-in-context, then cognitive pragmatics can be broadly defined as encompassing the study of the cognitive principles and processes involved in the construal of meaning-in-context. This volume is the first to systematically survey this terrain from a wide range of perspectives. It collects state-of-the-art contributions by leading experts from the fields of pragmatics, psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, clinical linguistics and historical linguistics.

Pragmatics and Law

Author : Francesca Poggi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319446010
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Pragmatics and Law by : Francesca Poggi

Download or read book Pragmatics and Law written by Francesca Poggi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the second part of a project which hosts an interdisciplinary discussion about the relationship among law and language, legal practice and ordinary conversation, legal philosophy and the linguistics sciences. An international group of authors, from cognitive science, philosophy of language and philosophy of law question about how legal theory and pragmatics can enrich each other. In particular, the first part is devoted to the analysis of how pragmatics can solve problems related to legal theory: What can pragmatics teach about the concept of law and its relationship with moral, and, in particular, about the eternal dispute between legal positivism and legal naturalism? What can pragmatics teach about the concept of law and/or legal disagreements? The second part is focused on legal adjudication: it aims to construct a pragmatic apparatus appropriate to legal trial and/or to test the tenure of the traditional pragmatics tools in the field. The authors face questions such as: Which interesting pragmatic features emerge from legal adjudication? What pragmatic theories are better suited to account for the practice of judgment or its particular aspects (such as the testimony or the binding force of legal precedents)? Which pragmatic and socio-linguistic problems are highlighted by this practice?