Pharmaceutical Drug Promotion In Pakistan

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Pharmaceutical Drug Promotion in Pakistan

Author : Rizwan Raheem Ahmed
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656700745
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (567 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Drug Promotion in Pakistan by : Rizwan Raheem Ahmed

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Drug Promotion in Pakistan written by Rizwan Raheem Ahmed and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-07-21 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2012 in the subject Pharmacology, grade: 3.47, , course: Pharmaceutical Marketing, language: English, abstract: Common People and government authorities are usually concerned about the unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan, therefore; the researcher examines the unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan, and selected Karachi City as Case study for this purpose and analyze the impact of unethical marketing practices in pharmaceutical industry. This study not only evaluates the responsible variables for the unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices but also compare who is more responsible for these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan. This study also examines, who has initiated these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan and who is responsible for the continuation of these practices in Pakistan. In this study researcher focuses six variables that can be a major cause of unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan i.e. Pharmaceutical marketing and Sales personnel, doctors’ community, retail and whole sales pharmacies, government and private hospitals personnel, government officials and patients or their attendants’. All these six variables have been taken and gathered the data through survey questionnaire, compile and analyze through Statistical tools like descriptive and inferential Statistics both and conclude the main cause of unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan. In the under taken study four different hypotheses were developed and tested through Z and F test and also analyze the data through descriptive Statistics, for the descriptive Statistics four different parameters were developed and presented in the form of graphs and tables. The conclusion of the study was that initially pharmaceutical industry was responsible to introduce the unethical marketing practices to their customers i.e. doctors community, and hospitals and later on unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices became the norm of the pharmaceutical industry. Now the doctors are the main cause or reason for the continuation of these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan. It is further concluded in the study that foreign visits are more common tools in order to get maximum output from the doctor community and now doctors have become more demanding and they ask themselves regarding the foreign and local tours and conferences. Cash incentive and home appliances are another form of unethical practices in the pharmaceutical industry. [...]

Pharmaceutical Innovation

Author : Ralph Landau
Publisher : Chemical Heritage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 9780941901215
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Innovation by : Ralph Landau

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Innovation written by Ralph Landau and published by Chemical Heritage Foundation. This book was released on 1999 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents how science has provided an astonishing array of medicines for coping with human ailments. This volume addresses industry leaders, economic influences, and the development of individual products. It is suitable for policy makers, economists, corporate executives, research managers, and historians of science, technology, and medicine.

Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Resolution WHA41.17 adopted by the Forty-first World Health Assembly, 13 May 1988" -- p.1.

Global Pharmaceutical Policy

Author : Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811527245
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Pharmaceutical Policy by : Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar

Download or read book Global Pharmaceutical Policy written by Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicines are vital in improving patient health outcomes and pharmaceutical policy is a fundamental component of any health system. However, the global pharmaceutical policy is ever-evolving and data and quality ‘research-based information’ in this field are scarce. This book fills this gap and provides up-to-date empirical information and evidence-based synthesis. It focuses on pertinent key issues in global pharmaceutical policy including medicines safety, generic medicines, pharmaceutical supply chain, medicines financing, access and affordability of medicines, rational use of medicines, pharmacy health services research and access to vaccines and biological products. Featuring policy case studies from varied countries such as Mexico, Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Pakistan, this book comprises a valuable and comprehensive resource for students, funders, policymakers, academics, and researchers interested in this field.

Medical Informatics in a United and Healthy Europe

Author : European Federation for Medical Informatics. International Congress
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1607500442
Total Pages : 1064 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Informatics in a United and Healthy Europe by : European Federation for Medical Informatics. International Congress

Download or read book Medical Informatics in a United and Healthy Europe written by European Federation for Medical Informatics. International Congress and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the twenty-second International Conference on Medical Informatics Europe MIE 2009, that was held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 30 August to 2 September 2009. The scientific topics present in this proceedings range from national and trans-national eHealth roadmaps, health information and electronic health record systems, systems interoperability and communication standards, medical terminology and ontology approaches, and social networks to Web, Web 2.0, nd Semantic Web solutions for patients, health personnel, and researchers. Furthermore, they include quality assurance and usability of medical informatics systems, specific disease management and telemedicine systems, including a section on devices and snsors, drug safety, clinical decision support and medical expert systems, clinical practice guidelines and protocols, as well as issues on privacy and security. Moreover, bioinformatics, biomedical modeling and simulation, medical imaging and visualizatio and, last but not least, learning and education through medical informatics systems are parts of the included topics.

The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to Medicines

Author : Hans Löfgren
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351470604
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to Medicines by : Hans Löfgren

Download or read book The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to Medicines written by Hans Löfgren and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some papers presented at a conference held at Hyderabad in September 2010.

Pharmaceuticals, Corporate Crime and Public Health

Author : Graham Dukes
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1783471107
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmaceuticals, Corporate Crime and Public Health by : Graham Dukes

Download or read book Pharmaceuticals, Corporate Crime and Public Health written by Graham Dukes and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry exists to serve the community, but over the years it has engaged massively in corporate crime, with the public footing the bill. This readable study by experts in medicine, law, criminology and public health documents the pr

FDA in the Twenty-First Century

Author : Holly Fernandez Lynch
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231540078
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis FDA in the Twenty-First Century by : Holly Fernandez Lynch

Download or read book FDA in the Twenty-First Century written by Holly Fernandez Lynch and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its decades-long effort to assure the safety, efficacy, and security of medicines and other products, the Food and Drug Administration has struggled with issues of funding, proper associations with industry, and the balance between consumer choice and consumer protection. Today, these challenges are compounded by the pressures of globalization, the introduction of novel technologies, and fast-evolving threats to public health. With essays by leading scholars and government and private-industry experts, FDA in the Twenty-First Century addresses perennial and new problems and the improvements the agency can make to better serve the public good. The collection features essays on effective regulation in an era of globalization, consumer empowerment, and comparative effectiveness, as well as questions of data transparency, conflicts of interest, industry responsibility, and innovation policy, all with an emphasis on pharmaceuticals. The book also intervenes in the debate over off-label drug marketing and the proper role of the FDA before and after a drug goes on the market. Dealing honestly and thoroughly with the FDA's successes and failures, these essays rethink the structure, function, and future of the agency and the effect policy innovations may have on regulatory institutions abroad.

Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309269393
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.

Corporate Crime in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Routledge Revivals)

Author : John Braithwaite
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135072906
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Corporate Crime in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Routledge Revivals) by : John Braithwaite

Download or read book Corporate Crime in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Routledge Revivals) written by John Braithwaite and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984, this book examines corporate crime in the pharmaceutical industry. Based on extensive research, including interviews with 131 senior executives of pharmaceutical companies in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico and Guatemala, the book is a major study of white-collar crime. Written in the 1980s, it covers topics such as international bribery and corruption, fraud in the testing of drugs and criminal negligence in the unsafe manufacturing of drugs. The author considers the implications of his findings for a range of strategies to control corporate crime, nationally and internationally.

The Risks of Prescription Drugs

Author : Donald Light
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231146922
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis The Risks of Prescription Drugs by : Donald Light

Download or read book The Risks of Prescription Drugs written by Donald Light and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few people realize that prescription drugs have become a leading cause of death, disease, and disability. Adverse reactions to widely used drugs, such as psychotropics and birth control pills, as well as biologicals, result in FDA warnings against adverse reactions. The Risks of Prescription Drugs describes how most drugs approved by the FDA are under-tested for adverse drug reactions, yet offer few new benefits. Drugs cause more than 2.2 million hospitalizations and 110,000 hospital-based deaths a year. Serious drug reactions at home or in nursing homes would significantly raise the total. Women, older people, and people with disabilities are least used in clinical trials and most affected. Health policy experts Donald Light, Howard Brody, Peter Conrad, Allan Horwitz, and Cheryl Stults describe how current regulations reward drug companies to expand clinical risks and create new diseases so millions of patients are exposed to unnecessary risks, especially women and the elderly. They reward developing marginally better drugs rather than discovering breakthrough, life-saving drugs. The Risks of Prescription Drugs tackles critical questions about the pharmaceutical industry and the privatization of risk. To what extent does the FDA protect the public from serious side effects and disasters? What is the effect of giving the private sector and markets a greater role and reducing public oversight? This volume considers whether current rules and incentives put patients' health at greater risk, the effect of the expansion of disease categories, the industry's justification of high U.S. prices, and the underlying shifts in the burden of risk borne by individuals in the world of pharmaceuticals. Chapters cover risks of statins for high cholesterol, SSRI drugs for depression and anxiety, and hormone replacement therapy for menopause. A final chapter outlines six changes to make drugs safer and more effective. Suitable for courses on health and aging, gender, disability, and minority studies, this book identifies the Risk Proliferation Syndrome that maximizes the number of people exposed to these risks. Additional Columbia / SSRC books on the privatization of risk and its implications for Americans: Bailouts: Public Money, Private ProfitEdited by Robert E. Wright Disaster and the Politics of InterventionEdited by Andrew Lakoff Health at Risk: America's Ailing Health System-and How to Heal ItEdited by Jacob S. Hacker Laid Off, Laid Low: Political and Economic Consequences of Employment InsecurityEdited by Katherine S. Newman Pensions, Social Security, and the Privatization of RiskEdited by Mitchell A. Orenstein

Drug Safety in Developing Countries

Author : Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128204125
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Safety in Developing Countries by : Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi

Download or read book Drug Safety in Developing Countries written by Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Safety in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges provides comprehensive information on drug safety issues in developing countries. Drug safety practice in developing countries varies substantially from country to country. This can lead to a rise in adverse reactions and a lack of reporting can exasperate the situation and lead to negative medical outcomes. This book documents the history and development of drug safety systems, pharmacovigilance centers and activities in developing countries, describing their current situation and achievements of drug safety practice. Further, using extensive case studies, the book addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries. - Provides a single resource for educators, professionals, researchers, policymakers, organizations and other readers with comprehensive information and a guide on drug safety related issues - Describes current achievements of drug safety practice in developing countries - Addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries - Provides recommendations, including practical ways to implement strategies and overcome challenges surrounding drug safety

The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry

Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Health Committee
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215024572
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Health Committee

Download or read book The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Health Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2005-04-26 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating HC 1030-i to iii.

Prescriptions for Death

Author : Milton Silverman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520047211
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (472 download)

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Book Synopsis Prescriptions for Death by : Milton Silverman

Download or read book Prescriptions for Death written by Milton Silverman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1982-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the unregulated marketing of medications in the developing countries by drug companies based in the industrialized world, with additional information involving physicians, bribery, and profits

Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309459575
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World

Author : Monirul Azam
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1783742313
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World by : Monirul Azam

Download or read book Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World written by Monirul Azam and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the world, developing countries are attempting to balance the international standards of intellectual property concerning pharmaceutical patents against the urgent need for accessible and affordable medicines. In this timely and necessary book, Monirul Azam examines the attempts of several developing countries to walk this fine line. He evaluates the experiences of Brazil, China, India, and South Africa for lessons to guide Bangladesh and developing nations everywhere. Azam's legal expertise, concern for public welfare, and compelling grasp of principal case studies make Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World a definitive work. The developing world is striving to meet the requirements of the World Trade Organization's TRIPS Agreement on intellectual property. This book sets out with lucidity and insight the background of the TRIPS Agreement and its implications for pharmaceutical patents, the consequences for developing countries, and the efforts of certain representative nations to comply with international stipulations while still maintaining local industry and public health. Azam then brings the weight of this research to bear on the particular case of Bangladesh, offering a number of specific policy recommendations for the Bangladeshi government—and for governments the world over. Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World is a must-read for public policy-makers, academics and students, non-governmental organizations, and readers everywhere who are interested in making sure that developing nations meet the health care needs of their people.

Asymmetry Indexes, Behavioural Instability and the Characterization of Behavioural Patterns

Author : Cino Pertoldi
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039360566
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis Asymmetry Indexes, Behavioural Instability and the Characterization of Behavioural Patterns by : Cino Pertoldi

Download or read book Asymmetry Indexes, Behavioural Instability and the Characterization of Behavioural Patterns written by Cino Pertoldi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structure of sequential behavior and its patterns have attracted the attention of researchers from various disciplines, such as game theory, human and animal behavior, evolutionary ecology, psychology, behavioral economy, and cognitive sciences. Sequential behavior seems to be involved in the processes of sequential learning, decision-making processes, and exploratory behavior. There are, however, competing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms involved in the complexity of the behavioral responses of organisms when exposed to changing environments. The behavioral response to different environmental conditions is often utilized in behavioral ecology studies, where the changes in behavior are quantified in terms of probability of dispersal, distance, and speed of movements or time budget, where the time spent on different activities (foraging, resting, explore, etc.) is registered and analyzed in terms of cost–benefit. This book represents a series of articles covering a broad spectrum of organisms and proposes the analysis of sequential behavior utilizing indices commonly applied in the estimation of developmental instability (fluctuating asymmetry, directional asymmetry, and antisymmetry) toward estimating the degree of “Behavioral Instability”. Deviations from symmetry will be interpreted in ecological and evolutionary terms, where the cost and benefits of changes of the degree of behavioral instability will be analyzed in terms of overall costs and benefits and its evolutionary significance. Presented in this collection are multidisciplinary studies (theoretical and computational as well as experimental and empirical approaches) that validate the proposed approach and pave the way for future investigation in the novel field of what is best described as behavioral instability.