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Petrophysical Lithofacies Modeling Of The Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale In The Midland Basin West Texas
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Book Synopsis Petrophysical Lithofacies Modeling of the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale in the Midland Basin, West Texas by : Brian T. Crass
Download or read book Petrophysical Lithofacies Modeling of the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale in the Midland Basin, West Texas written by Brian T. Crass and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cline Shale is an upper Pennsylvanian interval of interstratified organic-rich shale, inorganic shale, and allochthonous carbonate beds, and is currently an active unconventional exploration target within the Midland Basin of west Texas. This study compares core-observed depositional facies to petrophysical well logs within the Gunn36 #1 well (API# 4222737197) of Howard County, Texas in order to identify predictors of organic richness and carbonate content for use in Cline Shale mapping. A depositional facies model was constructed through analysis of 365 feet (111 m) of continuous core through the Cline Shale. Eight petrophysical parameters were evaluated for their ability to predict both depositional facies and organic richness. A transform utilizing gamma ray and density porosity logs was created that differentiates organic-rich and inorganic shale and predicts the distribution of allochthonous carbonate and dolomitized intervals.
Book Synopsis Petrophysical Facies Mapping of the Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, West Texas by : Kieron C. Prince
Download or read book Petrophysical Facies Mapping of the Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, West Texas written by Kieron C. Prince and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cline Shale is a Pennsylvanian unconventional shale resource play located in the Midland Basin, west Texas. This study evaluates the depositional, stratigraphic and petrologic controls on Cline Shale reservoir quality and their spatial distribution as determined from core-calibrated petrophysical facies across the study area. Nine depositional facies were observed and described from the cored Gunn36 #1 well located in Howard County. Five petrophysical facies were derived from the statistical comparison of core observed depositional facies with corresponding digital well log data. Two additional petrophysical facies that are not calibrated to core observations account for both the distribution of undifferentiated shallow-marine carbonates across the Horseshoe Atoll and borehole washouts. By mapping the petrophysical facies, it was determined that the distribution of the most prospective Organic Rich Shale (ORS) facies, located principally in southwest Howard and northeast Glasscock counties, was controlled by proximity to the contemporaneous Horseshoe Atoll and Eastern Shelf.
Book Synopsis Sedimentology and Reservoir Characterization of the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, Texas by : Hanyue Zheng
Download or read book Sedimentology and Reservoir Characterization of the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, Texas written by Hanyue Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cline Shale, an organic rich mudrock comprising the Canyon and Cisco Groups in the Midland Basin, has recently become an exploration target and production interval. The Cline is a basin-restricted facies specific to the Midland Basin, and is interpreted to have been deposited in a deep water environment by hemipelagic suspension and mass transport debris flow and turbidity flow. Based on core description, thin section observation, and bulk compositional XRD data carried out on seven cores, seven lithofacies have been identified including various types of clay-rich mudstone, carbonate and sandstone. Regional stratigraphic sections show that the Cline structurally dips towards the Central Basin Platform and ranges from 117 ft to 530 ft in thickness. Gamma-ray log patterns can indicate vertical changes in lithology by responding to clay content and organic matter. Two types of cycles in the Midland Basin are identified by upward-increasing and upward-decreasing gamma ray patterns. Cycles in the Midland Basin are correlated to those on the shelf, and are interpreted to correspond to sea level changes on the shelf. Fifteen stratigraphic cycles have been distinguished from a typical basin center core, where eight are in the Lower Cline and seven are in the Upper Cline. These cycles are laterally continuous across the Midland Basin. More stratigraphic cycles can be recognized near the toe of slope, because not all the depositions occurred within a cycle extend across the basin floor. It is inferred from correlation of gamma ray patterns that high-frequency sea-level fluctuation affected depositional processes on the platform and controlled sediment deposition in the basin. Wireline logs are a crucial tool for providing a quantitative evaluation of reservoir quality. The Cline pay zone is defined based on (1) Gamma ray>110 API, (2) Density porosity (DPHI)>3.4%, (3) TOC>2.0%. The possible exploration target is located in northern Glasscock, western Howard and southern Martin counties. The pay zone thickness varies from 50 ft to 100 ft. The average TOC of pay zones is greater than 2.5 wt.% and the average dry helium porosity is greater than 5.0%.
Book Synopsis Regional Stratigraphic and Core-based Characterization of the Cline Shale, Midland Basin, Texas by : Reed Smart Roush
Download or read book Regional Stratigraphic and Core-based Characterization of the Cline Shale, Midland Basin, Texas written by Reed Smart Roush and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cline Shale is an organic-rich mudrock that was deposited in the Midland Basin during the latest Pennsylvanian. Deposits of the Cline Shale are restricted to basinal facies and contain great lateral and vertical heterogeneity. The basinal deposits are bounded by the Eastern Shelf to the east, the Horseshoe Atoll to the north, the Central Basin Platform to the west, and the Ozona Arch to the south. The boundaries do not only vary in morphology, but also in sediment type. High-resolution (2 to 3-inch spacing) x-ray fluorescence (XRF) data were obtained from four cores in the basin. The data were interpreted within a chemofacies framework using agglomerative hierarchal clustering analysis, a statistical grouping method, calibrated with mineralogy and organic matter measurements. The high-resolution XRF chemofacies framework was used to core-calibrate a regional dataset of wire-line logs to determine quantitative lithofacies cutoffs from gamma ray logs of carbonates, organic matter-poor siliciclastics, and organic matter-rich siliciclastics. The lithofacies were mapped throughout the Southern Midland Basin. The maps were created for the Lower Cline, Middle Cline, and Upper Cline, three distinct units within the Cline Shale. An integrated core-based dataset was also used to glean relationships between mineralogy, porosity, permeability, organic content, thermal maturity, and grain density within the Cline Shale on the foot-scale. The results of this study have allowed the synthesis of core-based chemofacies trends analysis and regional composite lithofacies distributions in the Lower Cline, Middle Cline, and Upper Cline.
Book Synopsis Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian Shelf-To-Basin Facies Architecture and Trends, Eastern Shelf of the Southern Midland B by : Tucker F. Hentz
Download or read book Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian Shelf-To-Basin Facies Architecture and Trends, Eastern Shelf of the Southern Midland B written by Tucker F. Hentz and published by . This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our study documents the shelf, shelf-edge, slope, and basin-floor depositional facies characteristics, stratigraphic variations, and sedimentation trends of the Missourian Canyon Group and Virgilian-Wolfcampian Cisco Group across the southern Eastern Shelf and the adjacent Midland Basin. The Canyon Group (base Palo Pinto Limestone to top Home Creek Limestone) consists of an aggradational carbonate bank succession having locally prominent reef facies. Similar reef facies continued to accumulate during early Cisco sedimentation. The bank/reef interval, largely equivalent in age to the Horseshoe Atoll complex, is as much as 1,540 ft (469 m) thick in northeastern Coke County and forms an irregular, but distinct, shelf margin throughout the eastern part of the study area. Reef buildups are generally aligned at the margin but also occur as local pinnacles in the platform interior. Canyon basin-floor facies are equivalent to the lower part of the Cline shale ("Wolfcamp D") and consist primarily of dark, organic-rich (>2 percent organics) mudrocks. The overlying Cisco section comprises a series of 13 mudrock, limestone, and sandstone cycles (top Home Creek Limestone to top Coleman Junction Limestone), correlated from outcrop, that collectively form a progradational succession extending from the eastern edge (Bunger Limestone) to the central part of the study area (Coleman Junction Limestone). The top of the Home Creek Limestone coincides with a regional downlap surface for the progradational Virgilian lower Cisco shelf strata. Progressive upward decrease in height of shelf-margin clinoforms indicates that accommodation had markedly decreased during deposition of the upper Cisco Group. The Pennsylvanian-Permian (Virgilian-Wolfcampian) boundary is at the top of the Cline shale in the basin and slope provinces and just above the Crystal Falls Limestone in the shelf area. The thickness of the Wolfcampian section is regionally consistent at the shelf (~700 to 850 ft [~213 to 259 m]), expands markedly basinward to as much as 3,500 ft (1,067 m) into a regional depocenter of high accommodation and high sediment influx associated with slope sedimentation, and then thins into the basin proper (to
Book Synopsis Heterogeneity Characterization and Genetic Mechanism of Deepwater Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks During Icehouse Period by : Junwen Peng
Download or read book Heterogeneity Characterization and Genetic Mechanism of Deepwater Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks During Icehouse Period written by Junwen Peng and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being the most abundant sedimentary rocks and having global economic significance, many uncertainties remain concerning the petrographic, sedimentological, and bulk geochemical signatures of fine-grained sedimentary rocks (i.e., mudrocks) in deep-water environments. A systematic and comprehensive petrographic (chapters 2 and 3), sedimentological (chapter 4), and geochemical (chapter 5) studies of the deep-water organic-rich Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, in the Midland Basin, were conducted in this study to elucidate general principles that can inform synthesis depositional and diagenetic models for deep-water fine-grained sedimentary systems. Multiple high-resolution petrographic techniques applied to mudrocks suggest that primary grain assemblages of the Cline Shale are complex and include both intrabasinal and extrabasinal grains. Total Organic Carbon (TOC), porosity, and permeability of the Cline Shale are proportional to the intrabasinal grains content, whereas rock strength is related to the content of intergranular clay-size microquartz cement (originating from biosilicoeus allochems). The composition of primary grain assemblages is believed to further determine the potential diagenetic pathways and evolution of mechanical and petrophysical rock properties. Detailed sedimentological analysis of three continuous cores from the Cline Shale along the dip direction allows us to define seven lithofacies that stack in a repeated pattern, constituting ~8 to 20 m thick composite cycle sets. The apparent cyclicities recorded in the Cline Shale are interpreted to be controlled by high-amplitude glacioeustatic sea-level fluctuations during a period where the earth was in a ice-house state. High-resolution bulk geochemical analysis revealed significant changes in trace-element enrichment pattern and other bulk geochemical signatures in different lithofacies of the Cline Shale. Such variations in geochemical data were believed to be caused by the variations in benthic redox conditions, primary marine productivity, and hydrographic circulation in the basin, which was interpreted to be associated with high-amplitude and high-frequency glacioeustatic oscillations. This dissertation established a high-resolution imaging protocol for shale petrography (chapters 2 and 3) and confirmed a high-resolution energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence geochemical technique in mudrock elemental composition detection (chapter 5)
Author :Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Permian Basin Section Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :122 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Permian and Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Midland Basin, West Texas by : Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Permian Basin Section
Download or read book Permian and Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Midland Basin, West Texas written by Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Permian Basin Section and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Permian Basin by : West Texas Geological Society. Fall Symposium
Download or read book The Permian Basin written by West Texas Geological Society. Fall Symposium and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Middle & Upper Pennsylvanian Cratonic Basin Facies Models, North-central Texas by : A. W. Erxleben
Download or read book Middle & Upper Pennsylvanian Cratonic Basin Facies Models, North-central Texas written by A. W. Erxleben and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lithostratigraphic and Geochemical Characterization of the Upper Pennsylvanian 'Wolfcamp D' Shale, Midland Basin (USA) by : Patrick Webster Baldwin
Download or read book Lithostratigraphic and Geochemical Characterization of the Upper Pennsylvanian 'Wolfcamp D' Shale, Midland Basin (USA) written by Patrick Webster Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Permian and Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Midland Basin, West Texas by :
Download or read book Permian and Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Midland Basin, West Texas written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Permian Basin by : West Texas Geological Society. Fall Symposium
Download or read book The Permian Basin written by West Texas Geological Society. Fall Symposium and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Permian and Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Midland Basin, West Basin, West Texas by : Brenda K. Cunningham
Download or read book Permian and Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Midland Basin, West Basin, West Texas written by Brenda K. Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lexicon of Permian Stratigraphic Names of the Permian Basin of West Texas and Southeastern New Mexico by : West Texas Geological Society
Download or read book Lexicon of Permian Stratigraphic Names of the Permian Basin of West Texas and Southeastern New Mexico written by West Texas Geological Society and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Search of New Permian Basin Oil and Gas Fields by : West Texas Geological Society. Symposium
Download or read book In Search of New Permian Basin Oil and Gas Fields written by West Texas Geological Society. Symposium and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lithofacies Classification in the Marcellus Shale and Surrounding Formations by Applying Expectation Maximization to Petrophysical and Elastic Well Logs by : Kristen M. Schlanser
Download or read book Lithofacies Classification in the Marcellus Shale and Surrounding Formations by Applying Expectation Maximization to Petrophysical and Elastic Well Logs written by Kristen M. Schlanser and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Marcellus Shale is an organic-rich, marine shale that ranges in thickness from less than 10 ft in southeastern Pennsylvania and western portions of West Virginia to over 350 ft in some areas of northeastern Pennsylvania. In many parts of the Appalachian Basin, the shales of the Mahantango Formation directly overly the Marcellus Shale. These two shales can appear similar in core and hand sample, but contain very different organic and mechanical properties. Therefore, lithofacies classification is an important step for identifying productive zones within the Marcellus Shale and, likewise, is an important process in other unconventional reservoirs. The Expectation Maximization (EM) method was tested in the Marcellus Shale Gas Play and adjacent formations as a viable technique for classifying important lithofacies and locating target reservoir zones, and was found to be successful. Expectation Maximization (EM) is a pattern-recognition algorithm that uses Gaussian mixture models to classify data, in this case, petrophysical and elastic well logs, into user-defined facies by assuming each well log contains a distribution of Gaussian curves for each facies. Appropriate well logs were selected that were 1) most sensitive to variations in shale lithologies and 2) commonly run in wells across the basin such that all study wells had the same input parameters. The EM method was first tested along a vertical well section in central Pennsylvania using the gamma ray, density log, neutron porosity log, photoelectric factor, uranium curve from the spectral gamma ray, and s-wave velocity, which was computed directly from the shear sonic log. The EM method was able to classify major rock facies: sandstone, limestone, and shale. A fourth facies, organic-shale, was classified by a uranium log cut-off method. It was later determined that the uranium log had the least impact on the resulting models because it essentially doubled the role of the gamma ray log in the classification process. The shear sonic log was found to be useful for distinguishing sandstone from other lithologies; however shear sonic logs are not as commonly run in the Marcellus Shale and would not be as useful when trying to use the same set of input parameters on a large database of wells across the basin. This research also focused on refining the EM method to differentiate between shales facies within the reservoir. The chosen wells included the gamma ray log, density log, neutron porosity log, photoelectric factor, resistivity log, and p-wave velocity, which was computed directly from the compressional sonic log. The resistivity log was added because of its ability to distinguish between carbonate and shale lithologies. The study was expanded to twelve wells across Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia, and five facies were identified: gray shale, dark gray shale, black shale, carbonate, and iron-bearing minerals. To verify the geological accuracy of the facies models, the results were compared to core data, well logs, mudlogs, and regional stratigraphy studies when available. The EM method proved to be a robust facies classification technique in the Marcellus Shale reservoir. It is able to discriminate between reservoir and non-reservoir shale facies based on organic content and brittleness, characteristics that appear mostly homogenous in core. The method can also recognize a standardized, lithofacies-defined top to the Upper Marcellus Member where the overlying Mahantango Formation is gradational and poorly defined on petrophysical logs.
Book Synopsis The Permian Basin by : West Texas Geological Society. Fall Symposium
Download or read book The Permian Basin written by West Texas Geological Society. Fall Symposium and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
