Perspectives In Grassland Ecolgy Results And Applications Of The Us

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Perspectives in Grassland Ecology

Author : N.R. French
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461261821
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives in Grassland Ecology by : N.R. French

Download or read book Perspectives in Grassland Ecology written by N.R. French and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a result of the summary and synthesis of data collected in the Grassland Biome Program, which is part of the American contribution to the International Biological Program (IBP). The purpose of this volume is to present a summary of quantitative ecological investigations of North American grass lands and to present a set of broad comparisons of their characteristics and functions as well as the results of some models and experiments that lead to practical considerations of the management of grasslands. Synthesis is a continuing activity in science. Early in the Grassland Biome Program there was a synthesis of literature data on grasslands, edited by R. L. Dix and R. G. Beidleman (1969). Results of the first year of field data collection under this program were synthesized in a volume edited by N. R. French (1971). Development of the large-scale model constructed to depict the processes and the dynamics of state variables in grassland ecosystems was presented by Innis (1978). Soon to appear will be two volumes integrating studies of American grasslands with IBP studies in other grasslands of the world (Coupland, in press) and the application of systems analysis to understanding grassland function and utilization (Breymeyer and Van Dyne, in press). The present volume presents current results and comparisons of field investigations and experimental studies that were conducted under this program.

General Technical Report RMRS

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

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Download or read book General Technical Report RMRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Grasslands of the World

Author : Victor R. Squires
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351652206
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Grasslands of the World by : Victor R. Squires

Download or read book Grasslands of the World written by Victor R. Squires and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with a brief account of the extraordinary sequence of events that led to emergence of grasslands as major vegetation formations that now occupy some of the driest and hottest and the highest and coldest on earth as well as vast steppes and prairies in more temperate climes. It is the story of grasses successfully competing with forests and woodlands, aided and abetted by grazing herbivores and by humans and their use of fire as a tool. It is a story of adaptation to changing climates and the changing biophysical environments. A major focus of the book is the Palaearctic biogeographic realm that extends over some 45 million km2 and thus more than 1/3 of the terrestrial ice-free surface on Earth. It comprises extensive grasslands of different types and origin, which can be subdivided into (1) natural grasslands with (1a) steppes (climatogenic in dry climates), (1b) arctic-alpine grasslands (climatogenic in cold climates) and (1c) azonal and extrazonal grasslands (pedogenic and topogenic) as well as (2) secondary grasslands created and sustained by human activities, such as livestock grazing, mowing or burning. Grasslands of the Palaearctic do not only form a major basis for the agriculture of the region and thus its food supply, but are also crucial for other ecosystem services and host a supra proportional part of the realm’s plant and animal diversity. To reflect that suitability of grasslands for biodiversity strongly depends on their state, we apply the term High Nature Value grassland to those natural grasslands that are not degraded (in good state) and those secondary grasslands that are not intensified (semi-natural). The situation in a variety of countries where grasslands are evolving under the influence of global climate change is also considered. Case studies are presented on Southern Africa, Eastern Africa, India, China, South America, North America and Australia. The concluding chapter examines a set of themes arising from the chapters that make up the bulk of this book. The following provide a focus: recent history of grassland biomes – brief recap of current thinking and recent trends with special reference to dry grasslands in the Palearctic regions; the current status of grasslands and germplasm resources (biodiversity) – an overview; management systems that ensure sustainability; how to recover degraded grasslands; socio-economic issues and considerations in grassland management; the impacts of environmental problems in grasslands such as future climate change and intensification and the problems/prospects facing pastoralists and other grassland-based livestock producers.

The Desert Grassland

Author : Mitchel P. McClaran
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816553203
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis The Desert Grassland by : Mitchel P. McClaran

Download or read book The Desert Grassland written by Mitchel P. McClaran and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2023-05-23 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mixed grass and shrub vegetation known to scientists as desert grassland is common to the basins and valleys that skirt the mountain ranges throughout southwestern North America, extending from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas down through thirteen Mexican states. This variegated ground cover is crucial to life in an arid environment. The Desert Grassland offers the most comprehensive study to date of these flora and the rich biotic communities they support. Leading experts in geography, biology, botany, zoology, and geoscience present new research on the desert grassland and review a vast amount of earlier work. They reveal that present-day grasses once grew in the ice-age forests that existed in these areas before the climate dried and the trees vanished and how the intensity and frequency of fire can influence the plant and animal species of the grassland. They also document how the influence of humans—from Amerindians to contemporary ranchers, public land managers, and real estate developers—has changed the relative abundance of woody and herbaceous species and how the introduction of new plants and domesticated animals to the area has also affected biodiversity. The book concludes with a review of the attempts, both failed and successful, to reestablish plants in desert grasslands affected by overgrazing, drought, and farm abandonment. Meticulously researched and copiously illustrated, The Desert Grassland is a major contribution to ecological literature. For advanced lay readers as well as students and scholars of history, geography, and ecology, it will be a standard reference work for years to come.

A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology

Author : Frank B. Golley
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300066425
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology by : Frank B. Golley

Download or read book A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology written by Frank B. Golley and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ecosystem concept--the idea that flora and fauna interact with the environment to form an ecological complex--has long been central to the public perception of ecology and to increasing awareness of environmental degradation. In this book an eminent ecologist explains the ecosystem concept, tracing its evolution, describing how numerous American and European researchers contributed to its evolution, and discussing the explosive growth of ecosystem studies. Golley surveys the development of the ecosystem concept in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and discusses the coining of the term ecosystem by the English ecologist Sir Arthur George Tansley in 1935. He then reviews how the American ecologist Raymond Lindeman applied the concept to a small lake in Minnesota and showed how the biota and the environment of the lake interacted through the exchange of energy. Golley describes how a seminal textbook on ecology written by Eugene P. Odum helped to popularize the ecosystem concept and how numerous other scientists investigated its principles and published their results. He relates how ecosystem studies dominated ecology in the 1960s and became a key element of the International Biological Program biome studies in the United States--a program aimed at "the betterment of mankind" specifically through conservation, human genetics, and improvements in the use of natural resources; how a study of watershed ecosystems in Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, blazed new paths in ecosystem research by defining the limits of the system in a natural way; and how current research uses the ecosystem concept. Throughout Golley shows how the ecosystem concept has been shaped internationally by both developments in other disciplines and by personalities and politics.

Shrub-Steppe

Author : Alec Rickard
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444599533
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Shrub-Steppe by : Alec Rickard

Download or read book Shrub-Steppe written by Alec Rickard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to man-made intervention, the shrub-steppe now represents a rapidly disappearing landscape in the arid regions of North America. This book represents a systems-level study of ecological variables affecting water balance, and responses to perturbation. The study focused on a very large, protected, landscape unit, comprising a natural ``watershed'' area located in the semi-arid western United States. Long-term and concurrent data sets were established with a view towards establishing system-level responses to manipulative interventions, and natural perturbations like wildfire. These data sets were established for micrometeorology, climatology, mineral cycling in soils, nutrient and mineral pathways in springs and streams, vegetational dynamics, and population changes on the site. In synthesizing nearly twenty years of data, the more interesting ecosystem level responses concerned vegetational recovery and water balance. For instance, the synthesis uniquely demonstrates the interaction of biotic and non-biotic factors and their integrated effect on regional water balance. However, special attention was also paid to species diversity and the genetic resource pool represented at this site.This book will be of primary interest as a reference resource to land managers and wildlife specialists, and as a research study for scientists interested in systems-level ecology. Conservation-minded citizens who take more than a cursory interest in ecology will also find it interesting.

Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology

Author : Vicky M. Temperton
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 159726590X
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology by : Vicky M. Temperton

Download or read book Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology written by Vicky M. Temperton and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how ecosystems are assembled -- how the species that make up a particular biological community arrive in an area, survive, and interact with other species -- is key to successfully restoring degraded ecosystems. Yet little attention has been paid to the idea of assembly rules in ecological restoration, in both the scientific literature and in on-the-ground restoration efforts. Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology, edited by Vicky M. Temperton, Richard J. Hobbs, Tim Nuttle, and Stefan Halle, addresses that shortcoming, offering an introduction, overview, and synthesis of the potential role of assembly rules theory in restoration ecology. It brings together information and ideas relating to ecosystem assembly in a restoration context, and includes material from a wide geographic range and a variety of perspectives. Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology contributes new knowledge and ideas to the subjects of assembly rules and restoration ecology and represents an important summary of the current status of an emerging field. It combines theoretical and practical aspects of restoration, making it a vital compendium of information and ideas for restoration ecologists, professionals, and practitioners.

Plant Disturbance Ecology

Author : Edward A. Johnson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080492959
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Disturbance Ecology by : Edward A. Johnson

Download or read book Plant Disturbance Ecology written by Edward A. Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The media coverage of natural disasters (hurricanes, fires, floods, ice storms, etc.) indicates the prevalence of natural disasters in most, if not all, ecosystems. In order for scientists to study, understand, and ultimately predict how these disturbances affect ecosystems, it is necessary for them to know more about the physical processes involved in these disturbances and to learn how to couple these processes to the ecological systems. Essential for all ecologists, forest researchers, and conservation biologists, this book includes chapters on the disturbance processes, how the disturbance causes necrosis or death to individuals, and their effects on population or community processes. In Plant Disturbance Ecology, physical scientists who study disturbances provide an introduction to the physical disturbance processes, while ecologists relate this information to the way the vegetation responds to the disturbances. This reference is also key for all researchers hydrology, geomorphology, and environmental management. - Includes coverage on six different disturbance processes: Wind, Gravity, Geomorphic, Hydrologic, Combustion, and Biotic - Provides a clear explanation of how some of the physical processes of disturbance affect plant ecological processes - Offers ecologists an up-to-date understanding of the physical processes and allows them to predict future affects of disturbances - Unites two related fields by linking the disturbance processes and ecological responses - Presents physical scientists with ideas of how they might usefully apply their knowledge to advance understanding of ecological systems

Eastside Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Download or read book Eastside Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Methods of Studying Root Systems

Author : W. Böhm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642672825
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods of Studying Root Systems by : W. Böhm

Download or read book Methods of Studying Root Systems written by W. Böhm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Root research under natural field conditions is still a step-child of science. The reason for this is primarily methodological. The known methods are tedious, time consuming, and the accuracy of their results is often not very great. Many research workers have been discouraged by doing such root studies. The need for more information on the development and distribution of plant roots in different soils under various ecological conditions is, however, obvious in many ecological disciplines. Especially the applied botanical sciences such as agriculture, horticulture, and forestry are interested in obtaining more data on plant roots in the soil. This book will give a survey of existing methods in ecological root research. Primarily field methods are presented; techniques for pot experiments are described only so far as they are important for solving ecological problems. Laboratory methods for studying root physiology are not covered in this book. Scientific publications on roots are scattered in many different journals published all over the world. By working through the international root literature I found that about ten thousand papers on root ecology have been published at the present. This is not very much compared with the immense literature on the aboveground parts of the plants, but is, however, too much to cite in this book.

Big Ecology

Author : David C. Coleman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520264754
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Ecology by : David C. Coleman

Download or read book Big Ecology written by David C. Coleman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A fascinating historical narrative about the unfolding sequence of large ecosystem research programs over the past 40 years. As a player on this stage, Coleman conveys the intimate personalities and politics while still offering insightful and objective evaluations. Interwoven throughout the story is a remarkably detailed textbook of ecosystem science from then until today."--Paul G. Risser, University of Oklahoma

On The Great Plains

Author : Geoff Cunfer
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781585444014
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis On The Great Plains by : Geoff Cunfer

Download or read book On The Great Plains written by Geoff Cunfer and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To support his theory, Cunfer looks at the entire Great Plains (450 counties in ten states), tapping historical agricultural census data paired with GIS mapping to illuminate land use on the Great Plains over 130 years. Coupled with several community and family case studies, this database allows Cunfer to reassess the interaction between farmers and nature in the Great Plains agricultural landscape."--BOOK JACKET.

Canada's Vegetation

Author : Geoffrey A.J. Scott
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 0773565094
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (735 download)

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Book Synopsis Canada's Vegetation by : Geoffrey A.J. Scott

Download or read book Canada's Vegetation written by Geoffrey A.J. Scott and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1995-01-10 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canada's Vegetation includes comprehensive sections on tundra, forest-tundra, boreal forest and mixed forest transition, prairie (steppe), Cordilleran environments in western North America, temperate deciduous forests, and wetlands. An overview of each ecosystem is provided, and equivalent vegetation types throughout the world are reviewed and compared with those in Canada. The integration of data on climate, soil, and vegetation in a single volume makes this an invaluable reference tool. Canada's Vegetation is sure to become a standard textbook for those in the environmental sciences.

Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology

Author : Lawrence R. Pomeroy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461238420
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology by : Lawrence R. Pomeroy

Download or read book Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology written by Lawrence R. Pomeroy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume 19 leading experts offer a timely and coherent overview of the fundamental principles of ecosystem science. They examine the flux of energy and biologically essential elements and their associated food webs in major terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, cultivated land, streams, coral reefs, and ocean basins. In each case, interactions between different eosystems, predictive models, and the application of ecosystem research to the management of natural resources are given special emphasis. A number of theoretical chapters provide a synthesis through critical discussion of current concepts of ecosystem energetics and dynamics.

General Technical Report PNW-GTR

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Download or read book General Technical Report PNW-GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tidal Flat Ecology

Author : Karsten Reise
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642704956
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Tidal Flat Ecology by : Karsten Reise

Download or read book Tidal Flat Ecology written by Karsten Reise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tidal coastline presents a fascinating ecological world. Rocky shores with their recurrent zonation of algae and sessile invertebrates demonstrate the orderliness of nature, apparently obeying general explan atory principles. The niche theory could just as well have hatched out of the tight species-packing on the coral reef flats. Fluxes of carbon and nitrogen are best studied in mangroves and salt marshes with their outstanding primary productivity; the bare mud and sands of the tidal flats are different. Their ecological treasures are well concealed, and perhaps not to everybody's taste. Pick up a piece of tidal sediment and see how it resembles a large, rotten cheese! It smells, is slimy and sticky, is punched with holes and crowded with various worms. Tidal flats receive detritus from both the land and the sea. They sup port a rich benthic community which attracts birds from far distant breeding grounds, and serves as a nursery for crabs, shrimp and fish. Tidal flats are a busy ecological turntable. They import low valued organic matter, and they export well-fed birds to the land and grown-up fish to the sea. They offer ideal opportunities for aquaculture but are also used as dumping grounds for industrial wastes. All this may call for a marine ecologist to investigate the basic processes involved. Yet there is still another reason.