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Performance Of The Slac Linear Collider Klystrons
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Book Synopsis Performance of the SLAC Linear Collider Klystrons by :
Download or read book Performance of the SLAC Linear Collider Klystrons written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are now 200 new, high power 5045 klystrons installed on the two-mile Stanford Linear Accelerator. Peak power per klystron averages over 63 MW. Average energy contribution is above 240 MeV per station. Electron beam energy has been measured as high as 53 GeV. Energy instability due to klystron malfunction is less than 0.2%. The installed klystrons have logged over one million operating hours with close to 20,000 klystron hours cumulative operating time between failures. Data are being accumulated on klystron operation and failure modes with failure signatures starting to become apparent. To date, no wholesale failure modes have surfaced that would impair the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) program.
Download or read book IKE written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the new 65 MW klystrons for the SLC were planned, a computer based interlock and data recording system was implemented in the general electronics upgrade. Significant klystron operating parameters are interlocked and displayed in the SLC central control room through the VAX control computer. A program titled ''IKE'' has been written to record klystron operating data each day, store the data in a database, and provide various sorted operating and statistical information to klystron engineers, and maintenance personnel in the form of terminal listings, bar graphs, and special printed reports. This paper gives an overview of the IKE system, describes its use as a klystron maintenance tool, and explains why it is valuable to klystron engineers.
Book Synopsis Reliability and Lifetime Predictions of SLC Klystrons by :
Download or read book Reliability and Lifetime Predictions of SLC Klystrons written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy upgrade of SLAC, with the first of the new 67 MW SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) klystrons, began over four years ago. Today there are over 200 of these klystrons in operation. As a result, there is a wealth klystron performance and failure information that enables reasonable predictions to be made on life expectancy and reliability. Data from initial tests, follow-up tests and daily operation monitoring on the accelerator is stores for analysis. Presented here are life expectancy predictions with particular emphasis on cathode life. Also, based on this data, we will discuss some of the principal modes of failure. 3 refs., 2 figs.
Book Synopsis Conventional Power Sources for Colliders by :
Download or read book Conventional Power Sources for Colliders written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At SLAC we are developing high peak-power klystrons to explore the limits of use of conventional power sources in future linear colliders. In an experimental tube we have achieved 150 MW at 1 .mu.sec pulse width at 2856 MHz. In production tubes for SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) we routinely achieve 67 MW at 3.5 .mu.sec pulse width and 180 pps. Over 200 of the klystrons are in routine operation in SLC. An experimental klystron at 8.568 GHz is presently under construction with a design objective of 30 MW at 1 .mu.sec. A program is starting on the relativistic klystron whose performance will be analyzed in the exploration of the limits of klystrons at very short pulse widths.
Book Synopsis 50-MW X-band Klystron Sources for the Next Generation of Linear Colliders by :
Download or read book 50-MW X-band Klystron Sources for the Next Generation of Linear Colliders written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in a new series of high-power pulsed klystrons has been tested with the following results: Frequency = 11.4 GHz, beam voltage = 415 kV, power output = 51 MW, pulse length = 1.5 [mu]s, and efficiency = 37%. Several tubes of this type will be used in the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) at SLAC. The rf performance of the klystron, which employs a standing-wave extended-interaction output circuit, is closely approximated by simulations performed with the SLAC CONDOR code. The same code predicts considerably higher efficiency, using a traveling-wave output circuit. A klystron with such a circuit will be constructed in the future. Another klystron is also planned in which beam confinement is accomplished by a periodic permanent magnet (PPM) stack, for which simulations also predict good performance.
Book Synopsis Latest Results in SLAC 75-MW PPM Klystrons by : R. Phillips
Download or read book Latest Results in SLAC 75-MW PPM Klystrons written by R. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 75 MW X-band klystrons utilizing Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing have been undergoing design, fabrication and testing at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) for almost nine years. The klystron development has been geared toward realizing the necessary components for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The PPM devices built to date which fit this class of operation consist of a variety of 50 MW and 75 MW devices constructed by SLAC, KEK (Tsukuba, Japan) and industry. All these tubes follow from the successful SLAC design of a 50 MW PPM klystron in 1996. In 2004 the latest two klystrons were constructed and tested with preliminary results reported at EPAC2004. The first of these two devices was tested to the full NLC specifications of 75 MW, 1.6 microseconds pulse length, and 120 Hz. This 14.4 kW average power operation came with a tube efficiency>50%. The most recent testing of these last two devices will be presented here. Design and manufacturing issues of the latest klystron, due to be tested by the Fall of 2005, are also discussed.
Book Synopsis SLAC RF Source Research at X Band by :
Download or read book SLAC RF Source Research at X Band written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-band klystrons capable of 75 MW and utilizing either solenoidal or Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing are undergoing design, fabrication and testing at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The klystron development is part of an effort to realize components necessary for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). SLAC has developed a solenoidal-focused X-band klystron which is currently the workhorse of high power component testing for the NLC. A state-of-the-art modulator will drive eight of these tubes which, in turn, will power an rf distribution system referred to as the ''8-pack'' in order to test these modulators and waveguide components. Eventually, in an interest to save millions of dollars per year in the operational cost of the NLC, these tubes will be replaced by PPM klystrons. The PPM devices built to date which fit this class of operation consist of a variety of 50 MW and 75 MW devices constructed by SLAC, KEK (Tsukuba, Japan), and industry. These tubes follow from the successful 50 MW PPM design of 1996. Recent testing of this particular tube at wider pulsewidths has reached 50 MW at 55% efficiency, 2.4[micro]s and 60 Hz. Two 50 MW PPM klystrons produced by industry have been delivered to SLAC. One of these devices arrived with a vacuum suitable for test. Testing during 2001 revealed a serious, but curious, vacuum response which limited the operation to an rf output of[approx]40 MW. A 75 MW PPM klystron prototype was first constructed in 1997 and later modified in 1999 to eliminate oscillations. This tube has reached the NLC design target of 75 MW at 1.5[micro]s though at a significantly reduced rep rate. Two new 75 MW PPM klystrons were constructed and tested in 2002 after a diode was successfully tested in 2001. The new design was aimed at reducing the cost and increasing the reliability of such high-energy devices. The rf circuit and beam focusing for one of these devices was built by industry and incorporated into one of the tubes. Both of these latest devices suffered from a variety of issues concerning gun stability, beam confinement and rf stability. A rebuilt version of this latest design was constructed in early 2003 and completed testing in June. The performance of these various klystrons, particularly during 2002 and 2003, will be presented along with results of studies pertinent to their construction. Design and manufacturing issues of the various klystrons are discussed, along with plans for future modifications and areas of research.
Book Synopsis Fifty Megawatt Klystron for the Stanford Linear Collider by :
Download or read book Fifty Megawatt Klystron for the Stanford Linear Collider written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) has been designed to provide 50 on 50 GeV electron-positron collisions. The performance of the 240 klystrons driving the two-mile long linac must be upgraded to achieve at least 50 Megawatts of peak power output at a pulse of 5 .mu.sec and a pulse repetition frequency of 180 pulses per second. The operating frequency of the upgraded linac will continue to be 2856 MHz. A klystron amplifier meeting these new requirements has been designed to operate at 315 kV, .mu.k = 2, with a computed efficiency of slightly greater than 50%. Initial tests indicate the achievement of the basic power objectives; however, observed parasitic instabilities make beam focusing, RF drive frequency and drive level extremely critical. High electric fields in the electron gun, output gap and output window are all potential problems. Steps taken in the design to overcome these problems are discussed and test results are presented.
Book Synopsis The Next Linear Collider Klystron Development Program by :
Download or read book The Next Linear Collider Klystron Development Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Klystrons capable of 75 MW output power at 11.4 GHz have been under development at SLAC for the last decade. The work has been part of the program to realize all the components necessary for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The effort has produced a family of solenoid-focused 50 MW klystrons, which are currently powering a 0.5 GeV test accelerator at SLAC and several test stands, where high power components are evaluated and fundamental research is performed studying rf breakdown and dark current production. Continuing development has resulted in a Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focused 50 MW klystron, tested at SLAC and subsequently contracted for manufacture by industry in England and Japan. A 75 MW version of that PPM klystron was built at SLAC and reached 75 MW, with 2.8 microsecond pulses. Based on this design, a prototype 75 MW klystron, designed for low-cost manufacture, is currently under development at SLAC, and will eventually be procured from industry in modest quantities for advanced NLC tests. Beyond these developments, the design of Multiple Beam Klystrons (MBKs) is under study at SLAC. MBKs offer the possibility of considerably lower modulator costs by producing comparable power to the klystrons now available, at much lower voltages.
Book Synopsis X-Band Klystron Development at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center by :
Download or read book X-Band Klystron Development at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-band klystrons capable of 75 MW and utilizing either solenoidal or Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing are undergoing design, fabrication and testing at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The klystron development is part of an effort to realize components necessary for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). SLAC has completed a solenoidal-focused X-band klystron development effort to study the design and operation of tubes with beam microperveances of 1.2. As of early 2000, nine 1.2[micro]K klystrons have been tested to 50 MW at 1.5[micro]s. The first 50 MW PPM klystron, constructed in 1996, was designed with a 0.6[micro]K beam at 465 kV and uses a 5-cell traveling-wave output structure. Recent testing of this tube at wider pulsewidths has reached 50 MW at 55% efficiency, 2.4[micro]s and 60 Hz. A 75 MW PPM klystron prototype was constructed in 1998 and has reached the NLC design target of 75 MW at 1.5[micro]s. A new 75 MW PPM klystron design, which is aimed at reducing the cost and increasing the reliability of multi-megawatt PPM klystrons, is under investigation. The tube is scheduled for testing during early 2001.
Book Synopsis Performance of a 150-MW S-band Klystron by :
Download or read book Performance of a 150-MW S-band Klystron written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of an international collaboration, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) klystron group has designed, fabricated, and tested a 60-Hz, 3-[mu]s, 150-MW S-band klystron built for Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY). A test diode with a 535-kV, 700-A electron beam was constructed to verify the gun operation. The first klystron was built and successfully met design specifications. The 375-MW electron beam represents a new record for SLAC accelerator klystrons in terms of voltage, current, energy, and ruggedness of design. The rf output power is a 150% increase over the S-band tubes currently used in the two-mile-long linear accelerator at SLAC. This paper discusses design issues and experimental results of the diode and klystron.
Book Synopsis Study of the Emission Performance of High-power Klystrons by :
Download or read book Study of the Emission Performance of High-power Klystrons written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are hundreds of high power klystrons operated in the Linac gallery and about fifty to sixty tubes fail every year. The lifetime ranges from a few thousand up to seventy thousand hours except those which fail during an early period. The overall percentage of failures due to emission problems is approximately 25%. It is also noted that a 10% increase in mean lifetime of klystrons will reduce the overall cost per hour as much as a 10% increase in efficiency. Therefore, it is useful to find some method to predict the expected life of an individual tube. The final goal has not been attained yet, but some useful information was obtained. It is thought that this information might be helpful for those people who will study this subject further.
Book Synopsis SLAC Linear Collider by : Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Download or read book SLAC Linear Collider written by Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Upgrade of the Klystron Modulator at SLAC. by :
Download or read book Recent Upgrade of the Klystron Modulator at SLAC. written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory employs 244 klystron modulators on its two-mile-long linear accelerator that has been operational since the early days of the SLAC establishment in the sixties. Each of these original modulators was designed to provide 250 kV, 262 A and 3.5 [mu]S at up to 360 pps using an inductance-capacitance resonant charging system, a modified type-E pulse-forming network (PFN), and a pulse transformer. The modulator internal control comprised of large step-start resistor-contactors, vacuum-tube amplifiers, and 120 Vac relays for logical signals. A major, power-component-only upgrade, which began in 1983 to accommodate the required beam energy of the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) project, raised the modulator peak output capacity to 360 kV, 420 A and 5.0 [mu]S at a reduced pulse repetition rate of 120 pps. In an effort to improve safety, performance, reliability and maintainability of the modulator, this recent upgrade focuses on the remaining three-phase AC power input and modulator controls. The upgrade includes the utilization of primary SCR phase control rectifiers, integrated fault protection and voltage regulation circuitries, and programmable logic controllers (PLC) -- with an emphasis on component physical layouts for safety and maintainability concerns. In this paper, we will describe the design and implementation of each upgraded component in the modulator control system. We will also report the testing and present status of the modified modulators.
Book Synopsis PPM Focused X-band Klystron Development at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center by :
Download or read book PPM Focused X-band Klystron Development at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-band klystrons capable of 50 MW and utilizing Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing are undergoing design and fabrication at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The klystron development is part of an effort to realize components necessary for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The first klystron to be tested this year has a 0.6 microK beam at 465 kV, a 5 cells traveling wave output structure and a predicted efficiency of 63%. A 465 kV, 190 A beam stick with 12 periods of PPM focusing has recently operated to verify the gun optics and transmission of the beam in the absence of rf bunching. Beam transmission greater than 99.8% has been measured. Design and simulation of the beam stick and klystron are discussed, along with performance of the beam stick under confined flow and shielded conditions.
Book Synopsis Progress Report on the SLAC Linear Collider by :
Download or read book Progress Report on the SLAC Linear Collider written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SLAC Linear Collider project (SLC) is reported as being near completion. The performance specifications are tabulated both for the initial form and for eventual goals. Various parts of the SLC are described and the status of their construction is reported, including the front end electron gun and booster, the linac, damping ring, positron source, SLC arcs, and conventional facilities. 5 refs., 12 figs. (LEW).
Book Synopsis Current Status of the Next Linear Collider X-Band Klystron Development Program by : C. Pearson
Download or read book Current Status of the Next Linear Collider X-Band Klystron Development Program written by C. Pearson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Klystrons capable of driving accelerator sections in the Next Linear Collider (NLC) have been developed at SLAC during the last decade. In addition to fourteen 50 MW solenoid-focused devices and a 50 MW Periodic Permanent Magnet focused (PPM) klystron, a 500 kV 75 MW PPM klystron was tested in 1999 to 80 MW with 3 {micro}s pulses, but very low duty. Subsequent 75 MW prototypes aimed for low-cost manufacture by employing reusable focusing structures external to the vacuum, similar to a solenoid electromagnet. During the PPM klystron development, several partners (CPI, EEV and Toshiba) have participated by constructing partial or complete PPM klystrons. After early failures during testing of the first two devices, SLAC has recently tested this design (XP3-3) to the full NLC specifications of 75 MW, 1.6 {micro}s pulse length, and 120 Hz. This 14.4 kW average power operation came with an efficiency of 50%. The XP3-3 average and peak output power, together with the focusing method, arguably makes it the most advanced high power klystron ever built anywhere in the world. Design considerations and test results for these latest prototypes will be presented.
