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Performance And Durability Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer As Concrete Repair Material
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Book Synopsis Performance And Durability Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer As Concrete Repair Material by : Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani
Download or read book Performance And Durability Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer As Concrete Repair Material written by Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on the development of geopolymer for the use as repair material in order to mend the damage of concrete structures. This research used fly ash as an aluminosilicate source material. Therefore, characterization of fly ash based geopolymer paste as repair binder was carried out using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for chemical composition analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to explore the microstructure of the samples. Specifically, the composition analysis of fly ash based geopolymer determine the suitability of source materials and XRD identify the phase of geopolymer which responsible for the strength of the geopolymer. The geopolymer at various sodium hydroxide molarity and various binder to sand ratio was optimized and evaluated using several mechanical testing such as compressive strength, bonding strength, and some testing during a fresh state of geopolymer such as density, workability, and setting time (initial and final). In order to evaluate the bonding strength, two types of binder were used in this study. The first type was the geopolymer which was used as a repair material. The second type was the OPC concrete substrate which was used to represent the damaged concrete structure. Furthermore, the microstructure at the interfacial transition zone was studied using the scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). This study could become a fundamentally important in relation to the use of geopolymer in the field of concrete infrastructure rehabilitation. Bonding mechanism between geopolymer and OPC concrete substrate was discussed details.
Book Synopsis Geopolymers as Sustainable Surface Concrete Repair Materials by : Ghasan Fahim Huseien
Download or read book Geopolymers as Sustainable Surface Concrete Repair Materials written by Ghasan Fahim Huseien and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progressive deterioration of concrete surface structures is a major concern in construction engineering that requires precise repairing. While a number of repair materials have been developed, geopolymer mortars have been identified as potentially superior and environmentally friendly high-performance construction materials, as they are synthesized by selectively combining waste materials containing alumina and silica compounds which are further activated by a strong alkaline solution. Geopolymers as Sustainable Surface Concrete Repair Materials offers readers insights into the synthesis, properties, benefits and applications of geopolymer-based materials for concrete repair. • Discusses manufacturing and design methods of geopolymer-based materials • Assesses mechanical strength and durability of geopolymer-based materials under different aggressive environmental conditions • Characterizes the microstructure of these materials using XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA, DTG and FTIR measurements • Describes application of geopolymer-based materials as surface repair materials • Compares environmental and cost benefits against those of traditional OPC and commercial repair materials This book is written for researchers and professional engineers working with concrete materials, including civil and materials engineers.
Book Synopsis Alkali Activated Materials by : John L. Provis
Download or read book Alkali Activated Materials written by John L. Provis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a State of the Art Report resulting from the work of RILEM Technical Committee 224-AAM in the period 2007-2013. The Report summarises research to date in the area of alkali-activated binders and concretes, with a particular focus on the following areas: binder design and characterisation, durability testing, commercialisation, standardisation, and providing a historical context for this rapidly-growing research field.
Book Synopsis Selected Studies of the Durability of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Concretes by : Courtney Alyssa Watts
Download or read book Selected Studies of the Durability of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Concretes written by Courtney Alyssa Watts and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study reported herein investigates the performance of fly-ash-based geopolymer concretes (FA-GPC) when subjected to various durability tests. The durability of FA-GPC was examined for alkali silica reaction (ASR), chloride induced corrosion, carbonation, and sulfate attack. The ASR in FA-GPC was analyzed for three types of reactive aggregates (siliceous limestone, sandstone, and quartz). The effect of the ASR on FA-GPC was found to depend on the calcium contents of the fly ash (FA). FA-GPC made using Class F FA were found to be less vulnerable to ASR as compared with specimens made using Class C FA. Measured values of expansion were below the 0.1% limit specified by ASTM C1260 [2007, "Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA] for all FA-GPC specimens. FA-GPC specimens made from Class F FA exhibited lower corrosion rates and porosity compared to their Class C FA-GPC and OPC counterparts. Overall, FA-GPC specimens showed limited signs of leaching or corrosion product formation, while OPC specimens exhibited the formation of multiple corrosion products along with significant leaching. Carbonation studies on FA-GPCs prepared with Class C and F FA suggested that carbonation had limited effect on geopolymer binders as rates were well below the threshold for initiation of corrosion. In addition, durability tests were performed on the effect of external sulfate attack on geopolymer concrete using calcium, sodium, and magnesium sulfates. The sulfate ingress treatment was accelerated using applied electro kinetics by applying a constant current density of 1 A/m2 for 1 week. A decrease in compressive strength was observed due to sodium and magnesium sulfates, while an increase was observed in the case of the calcium sulfates. Geopolymer concrete mortars and pastes perform satisfactorily when exposed to the three sulfate sources, but did not outmatch the performance of OPC Type V cements.
Book Synopsis Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications by : Joseph Davidovits
Download or read book Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications written by Joseph Davidovits and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can be done about the major concerns of our Global Economy on energy, global warming, sustainable development, user-friendly processes, and green chemistry? Here is an important contribution to the mastering of these phenomena today. Written by Joseph Davidovits, the inventor and founder of geopolymer science, it is an introduction to the subject for the newcomers, students, engineers and professionals. You will find science, chemistry, formulas and very practical information (including patents' excerpts) covering: - The mineral polymer concept: silicones and geopolymers, - Macromolecular structure of natural silicates and aluminosilicates, - Scientific Tools, X-rays, FTIR, NMR, - The synthesis of mineral geopolymers, Poly(siloxonate) and polysilicate, soluble silicate, Chemistry of (Na, K)-oligo-sialates: hydrous alumino-silicate gels and zeolites, Kaolinite / Hydrosodalite-based geopolymer, Metakaolin MK-750-based geopolymer, Calcium-based geopolymer, Rock-based geopolymer, Silica-based geopolymer, Fly ash-based geopolymer, Phosphate-based geopolymer, Organic-mineral geopolymer, - Properties: physical, chemical and long-term durability, - Applications: Quality controls, Development of user-friendly systems, Castable geopolymer, industrial and decorative applications, Geopolymer / fiber composites, Foamed geopolymer, Geopolymers in ceramic processing, Manufacture of geopolymer cement, Geopolymer concrete, Geopolymers in toxic and radioactive waste management. It is a textbook, a reference book instead of being a collection of scientific papers. Each chapter is followed by a bibliography of the relevant published literature including 80 patents, 125 tables, 363 figures, 560 references, 720 authors cited, representing the most up to date contributions of the scientific community. The industrial applications of geopolymers with engineering procedures and design of processes are also covered in this book
Book Synopsis Alternative Concrete – Geopolymer Concrete by : Adrian LĂZĂRESCU
Download or read book Alternative Concrete – Geopolymer Concrete written by Adrian LĂZĂRESCU and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2021-09-05 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland cement based concrete is the most versatile, durable and reliable building material. Unfortunately, the production of Portland cement is environmentally unfriendly. An interesting alternative is provided by alkali-activated geopolymer materials (AAGM). This book focuses on fly ash-based alkali-activated geopolymer concrete, its production and characteristic properties. The re-use of waste materials and industrial by-products, such as fly ash, is not only economically of interest but also helps to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The carbon footprint of these materials is much lower than that of concrete using ordinary Portland cement. They thus offer new sustainable solutions to the construction industry. Keywords: Geopolymers, Geopolymer Concrete, Alkali-activated Geopolymer Materials (AAGM), Portland Cement, Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete, Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Concrete Applications, Self-Compacting Concrete, High-strength Concrete, High-performance Concrete.
Download or read book Fly Ash in Concrete written by K. Wesche and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a state-of-the-art report which documents current knowledge on the properties of fly ash in concrete and the use of fly ash in construction. It includes RILEM Recommendations on fly ash in concrete and a comprehensive bibliography including over 800 references.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes by : F. Pacheco-Torgal
Download or read book Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet's total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. - Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders - Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions. - Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.
Book Synopsis Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete by : Peter Hewlett
Download or read book Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete written by Peter Hewlett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-12 with total page 1087 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete deals with the chemical and physical properties of cements and concretes and their relation to the practical problems that arise in manufacture and use. As such it is addressed not only to the chemist and those concerned with the science and technology of silicate materials, but also to those interested in the use of concrete in building and civil engineering construction. Much attention is given to the suitability of materials, to the conditions under which concrete can excel and those where it may deteriorate and to the precautionary or remedial measures that can be adopted. First published in 1935, this is the fourth edition and the first to appear since the death of Sir Frederick Lea, the original author. Over the life of the first three editions, this book has become the authority on its subject. The fourth edition is edited by Professor Peter C. Hewlett, Director of the British Board of Agrement and visiting Industrial Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Dundee. Professor Hewlett has brought together a distinguished body of international contributors to produce an edition which is a worthy successor to the previous editions.
Download or read book Geopolymers written by J L Provis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A geopolymer is a solid aluminosilicate material usually formed by alkali hydroxide or alkali silicate activation of a solid precursor such as coal fly ash, calcined clay and/or metallurgical slag. Today the primary application of geopolymer technology is in the development of reduced-CO2 construction materials as an alternative to Portland-based cements. Geopolymers: structure, processing, properties and industrial applications reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials.Part one discusses the synthesis and characterisation of geopolymers with chapters on topics such as fly ash chemistry and inorganic polymer cements, geopolymer precursor design, nanostructure/microstructure of metakaolin and fly ash geopolymers, and geopolymer synthesis kinetics. Part two reviews the manufacture and properties of geopolymers including accelerated ageing of geopolymers, chemical durability, engineering properties of geopolymer concrete, producing fire and heat-resistant geopolymers, utilisation of mining wastes and thermal properties of geopolymers. Part three covers applications of geopolymers with coverage of topics such as commercialisation of geopolymers for construction, as well as applications in waste management.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Geopolymers: structure, processing, properties and industrial applications is a standard reference for scientists and engineers in industry and the academic sector, including practitioners in the cement and concrete industry as well as those involved in waste reduction and disposal. - Discusses the synthesis and characterisation of geopolymers with chapters covering fly ash chemistry and inorganic polymer cements - Assesses the application and commercialisation of geopolymers with particular focus on applications in waste management - Reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials
Book Synopsis Performance of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete at High Temperature by : Suhaimi Ahmad
Download or read book Performance of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete at High Temperature written by Suhaimi Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particle Size Enlargement by : C. E. Capes
Download or read book Particle Size Enlargement written by C. E. Capes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Powder Technology, Volume 1: Particle Size Enlargement is the first of a series which will together form a Handbook of Powder Technology, primarily intended for engineers and scientists working in industry. The scope of the Handbook can be defined as being concerned with that part of chemical engineering which deals with processes involving the handling and treatment of material in solid particulate form. This book deals with methods used to create larger entities from fine particles so that the bulk properties of particulates can be improved. These so-called ""size enlargement"" methods evidently concern a broad spectrum of technical disciplines and industries ranging from the relatively small scale requirements of pharmaceutical manufacturers through the tonnage requirements of the fertilizer and minerals processing industries. A primary objective in preparing this book was to present a generalized account of the many size enlargement techniques scattered throughout these diverse industries, with emphasis on similarities and unifying characteristics whenever possible. The book devotes one chapter to each of the principal methods used to bring particles together into agglomerates: agitation methods— tumbling agglomeration, agitation methods—mixer agglomeration, pressure methods, thermal methods, spray and dispersion methods, and agglomeration from liquids.
Book Synopsis Corrosion of Steel in Concrete by : J.P. Broomfield
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete written by J.P. Broomfield and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is a major problem facing civil engineers and surveyors throughout the world today. There will always be a need to build stuctures in corrosive environments and it is therefore essential to address the problems that result. Corrosion of Steel in Concrete provides information on corrosion of steel in at
Book Synopsis Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes by : Caijun Shi
Download or read book Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes written by Caijun Shi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first English-language book which reviews and summarizes worldwide research advances in alkali-activated cements and concrete. Essential topics include: raw materials and their properties for the production of the two new types of binder the hydration and microstructure development of alkali-activated slag cements the mechanical properties and durability of alkali-activated slag cement and concrete other various cementing systems and their applications related standards and specifications. This respected team of authors has produced an important piece of research that will be of great interest to professionals and academics alike, enabling the production of more durable and environmentally sensitive materials.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Low Carbon Concrete by : Ali Nazari
Download or read book Handbook of Low Carbon Concrete written by Ali Nazari and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Low Carbon Concrete brings together the latest breakthroughs in the design, production, and application of low carbon concrete. In this handbook, the editors and contributors have paid extra attention to the emissions generated by coarse aggregates, emissions due to fine aggregates, and emissions due to cement, fly ash, GGBFS, and admixtures. In addition, the book provides expert coverage on emissions due to concrete batching, transport and placement, and emissions generated by typical commercially produced concretes. Includes the tools and methods for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases Explores technologies, such as carbon capture, storage, and substitute cements Provides essential data that helps determine the unique factors involved in designing large, new green cement plants
Book Synopsis Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characterization of Fly Ash/Slag-Based Geopolymer with Limited OPC and Different Alkaline Activator Ratios by : Salem Aldawsari
Download or read book Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characterization of Fly Ash/Slag-Based Geopolymer with Limited OPC and Different Alkaline Activator Ratios written by Salem Aldawsari and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different building materials have been used in construction for centuries to meet the accommodation needs. Building materials were primarily designed to tolerate the environmental impacts and to meet the demand. However, some of these materials did not survive in the past due to their engineering limitations and durability concerns. Concrete is among the survived ones and is considered one of the primary materials used on earth. Concrete is a composite material primarily composed of ordinary Portland cement, water, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. Portland cement is the main binder component of regular concrete. Producing Portland cement requires a high amount of energy and heat, which corresponds to releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and negatively impacts the environment. Geopolymer concrete is a promising material that can be produced using by-product materials such as fly ash and slag as prime binders of the concrete and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as alkaline activators. Gel phases formed from fly ash/slag-based geopolymer concrete are mainly sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), and the limited replacement of OPC may improve the coexistence of these gels. In geopolymer concrete, aluminosilicate sources (fly ash and slag) do not react entirely to form sodium-aluminosilicate-hydrate and calcium-aluminosilicate-hydrate gel phases, and that produce deficient microstructural formation. Besides the gel formations deficiency, a part of the binders remains unreacted, which sequentially induces lower mechanical performance and a part of the aluminosilicate sources to be wasted. Thus, in this study, fly ash and slag combinations were used with limited OPC content as a maximum of 12% of the total binder to improve properties of the fly ash/slag-based geopolymers and increase the uptake of calcium that is provided from OPC. The low-calcium fly ash has a slow setting time, whereas ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) has a rapid setting time, and it is crucial in the evaluation in this study to measure the effect on the hydration time. Therefore, in the first stage of this research, the effect of OPC and Na2SiO3/NaOH (SS/SH) ratios on the setting time is a significant part of this study. Moreover, microstructural formation, gel phase identification, and elemental composition studies were evaluated besides the strength developments at certain ages to investigate the changes in the development of the binary system. For the setting time measurements, a penetrometer was modified to meet ASTM C191-Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. A different set of equipment and tools were used for compressive strength properties, including digital caliper, precision balance, 20-quarts mixer, vibrating table, diamond saw, and compressive strength testing equipment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were mainly used to assess microstructural characterizations and analysis of elemental compositions. Three sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios were considered, and five batches were mixed in the first stage for each ratio. For each batch, a total of fifteen cylinder samples 2x4 inch were cast. In total, sixteen batches were mixed, including the geopolymer pastes and Portland cement pastes. At each testing age, five specimens were tested to record the maximum compressive strength according to ASTM C39-Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. For SEM/EDS analysis, three samples were tested for each SS/SH ratio. The three samples were prepared for the microscope following the ASTM C1723- Standard Guide for Examination of Hardened Concrete Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. In the second stage of this research, durability studies were conducted for up to 120 days. The specimens were soaked in two different environments: magnesium sulfate as the aggressive solution and regular tap water as the reference. The samples were cured for 28 days to reach sufficient maturity, and then test results were recorded at 56, 90, and 120 days. The studies concluded that the addition of Portland cement by minimal percentage as 3% and 6% content could significantly contribute to the hydration kinetics and the development of the low calcium fly ash/slag-based materials. Replacing GGBFS by 3% of OPC for R0.5 (SS/SH=0.5), R1.0 and R1.5 increased the initial setting time by 10%, 29%, and 4%, respectively. The effect of OPC on the final setting time was more pronounced using more OPC content. By increasing OPC content up to 6%, the final setting time increased by 18%, 14%, and 38% for R0.5, R1.0, and R1.5, respectively. The compressive strength results improved by 9.8%, 12.5%, and 7.0% with adding 3%, 6%, and 3% of OPC for R0.5, R1.0, and R1.0 at 120 days, respectively. In the microstructural analysis, the density of the hydrated products formed increased with increasing the SS/SH ratio. The SEM micrographs of the reaction products of R1.0 and R1.5 showed homogeneity and well-compactness. The microstructural formation improved significantly for R1.0 and R1.5 by using 6% and 3% of OPC, respectively, at 120 days. The elemental compositions analyses using EDS show significant shifts in the gel phases formed with OPC addition. The CaO/SiO2 revealed a substantial increasing trend with increasing OPC content, whereas the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing OPC content. Multiple gel phases co-existed in the final products formed, including N-A-S-H, C-N-A-S-H, C-A-S-H, and C-S-H. After the results of EDS analysis, the N-A-S-H gel phase was dominant in the control groups, whereas calcium-rich phases dominated the samples with OPC content. The durability studies showed that the increase in the SS/SH ratio from 1.0 to 1.5 increased the availability of the soluble silica. The existence of the free silica improved the dissolution of the precursors, which increased the reaction rate and improved the development of hydrated products.
Book Synopsis Recent Developments of Geopolymer Materials by : Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Download or read book Recent Developments of Geopolymer Materials written by Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Developments of Geopolymer Materials: Processing and Characterisations focuses on the development, processing, and characterization of sustainable and eco-friendly materials, highlighting recent research developments in this field. The book covers the processing and characterization of geopolymers, incorporating green materials from waste and recycled materials specifically for construction applications, as well as advanced processing and characterization for a wide variety of applications. The book provides in-depth chapters on the development, processing, and characterization of sustainable and green materials with extensive uses, such as construction. It is divided into two sections: Development of Geopolymer Materials for Construction Applications and Advanced Processing and Characterization for Wider Applications, and will be a useful resource for academics, engineers, companies, and stakeholders in geopolymers from green materials for a variety of wide applications, including construction materials, ceramics, adsorbents, drilling properties, and simulation analysis. Provides new knowledge and the latest technology and research relating to the processing and characterization of geopolymers incorporating green materials from waste and recycled materials Covers the latest research on variety of wide applications, including construction materials, ceramics, adsorbents, drilling properties, and simulation analysis Includes in-depth coverage of the benefits of geopolymer technology
