Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances Pfas In The Nordic Environment

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PFASs in the Nordic environment

Author : Anna Kärrman
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289360623
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis PFASs in the Nordic environment by : Anna Kärrman

Download or read book PFASs in the Nordic environment written by Anna Kärrman and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries

Author : Stefan Posner
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289325623
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries by : Stefan Posner

Download or read book Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries written by Stefan Posner and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Tema Nord report presents a study based on open information and custom market research to review the most common perfluorinated substances (PFC) with less focus on PFOS and PFOA. The study includes three major parts:1) Identification of relevant per-and polyfluorinated substances and their use in various industrial sectors in the Nordic market by interviews with major players and database information; 2) Emissions to and occurence in the Nordic environment of the substances described in 1); 3) A summary of knowledge of the toxic effects on humans and the environment of substances prioritized in 2); There is a lack of physical chemical data, analystical reference substances, human and environmental occurrence and toxicology data, as well as market information regarding PFCs other than PFOA and PFOS and the current legislation cannot enforce disclosure of specific PFC substance information.

Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) in the Nordic Environment

Author :
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289310510
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) in the Nordic Environment by :

Download or read book Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) in the Nordic Environment written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The cost of inaction

Author : Gretta Goldenman
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289360658
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis The cost of inaction by : Gretta Goldenman

Download or read book The cost of inaction written by Gretta Goldenman and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-03-17 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PFAS (per and polyfluoroalkylsubstances) are known to be extremely difficult to degrade in the environment and to be bioaccumulative and toxic. Exposure to PFAS is suspected to increase the risk of adverse health effects, such as impacts on the thyroid gland, the liver, fat metabolism and the immune system. This study estimates the socioeconomic costs that may result from impacts on human health and the environment from the use of PFAS. Better awareness of the costs and problems associated with PFAS exposure will assist decision-makers and the general public to make more efficient and timely risk management decisions. Findings indicate that the costs are substantial, with annual health-related costs estimated to 2.8 – 4.6 billion EUR for the Nordic countries and 52 – 84 billion EUR for all EEA countries. Overall non-health costs are estimated at 46 million – 11 billion EUR for the Nordic countries.Upon request the excel spreadsheets used for the monetarisation and valuation in this report can also be provided along with a guidance on how to use the estimation of costs for value transfer. Please contact any of the consultants or members of the steering group from the Swedish Chemicals Agency or the Danish Environmental Protection Agency if you are interested in receiving these excel spreadsheets.

Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Author : Jamie C. DeWitt
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 3319155180
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by : Jamie C. DeWitt

Download or read book Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances written by Jamie C. DeWitt and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a timely and comprehensive overview of the latest science for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), covering the development of methods for assessing PFASs in biological fluids and tissues as well as the current knowledge regarding their toxicity to vertebrate organisms. This book includes chapters on human and wildlife exposure/body burdens, reviews of metabolism and toxicological effects by organ system/developmental stage and aspects of PFAS toxicity that are driving PFAS research and regulatory oversight. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances provide critical assessments of the most controversial topics surrounding toxicological evaluation of PFASs to give readers an expert perspective on the issues. Emphasis is placed on the integration of modes and mechanisms of action with functional endpoints that are relevant to human and wildlife health. This book will be a useful resource for toxicologists, environmental chemists, risk assessors and researchers with an interest in the class of compounds known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products

Author : Thomas P. Knepper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642218717
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products by : Thomas P. Knepper

Download or read book Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products written by Thomas P. Knepper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their unparalleled effectiveness and efficiency, polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) have become essential in numerous technical applications. However, many PFCs brought to market show limited biodegradability, and their environmental persistence combined with toxic and bioaccumulative potential have become a matter of concern in some instances. This volume highlights the synthesis of PFCs, focusing on substances with improved application and environmental properties, which are a challenge for synthetic chemists. Further, modern mass spectrometric techniques for the detection and identification of biotransformation products of PFCs are described. The sorption and leaching behavior of PFC in soil is also addressed in order to predict their fate in the environment. Several contributions discuss the monitoring of PFCs in European surface, ground and drinking waters, treatment options for PFC removal from drinking water, occurrence in food, and the human biomonitoring of PFCs.

Mammalian Toxicology

Author : Mohamed Abou-Donia
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119940419
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Mammalian Toxicology by : Mohamed Abou-Donia

Download or read book Mammalian Toxicology written by Mohamed Abou-Donia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammalian Toxicology surveys chemical agents and examines how such chemicals impact on human health, emphasizing the importance in minimizing environmental exposure to chemical and physical hazards in our homes, communities and workplaces through such media as contaminated water, soil and air. Starting with the basic principles on a wide range of toxic agents, this textbook describes how they enter the body, their mechanisms of action once inside, and strategies for diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Topics covered include: General principles of toxicology: pharmacological and toxicological principles underpinning the study of toxicology, risk assessments and mechanisms of cell death Disposition: routes of chemical exposures, entry into the body and various tissues, storage, metabolic biotransformation and elimination, with examples from various toxicants. Toxic agents: the occurrences, disposition in the body, health effects, toxic mechanisms, antidotes and treatments of a range of agents including pesticides, metals, solvents, gases, nanomaterials, food components and additives, pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse, natural toxins, endocrine disruptors, radiation, and warfare weapons. Toxic effects: including neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, teratogenecity, male and female reproductive toxicity, mutagenecity, carcinogenicity, pulmonary toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity and cardiovascular toxicity Toxicology and society: epidemiological studies of chemical-induced diseases in human populations, and a vision for toxicology in the 21st century. Mammalian Toxicology is an essential primer for students of toxicology, biochemistry, biology, medicine and chemistry. It is also appropriate for professional toxicologists in research or regulatory affairs, and anyone who needs to understand the adverse effects of toxic agents on the human body.

Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents

Author : Vinay Kumar Tyagi
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780409737
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents by : Vinay Kumar Tyagi

Download or read book Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents written by Vinay Kumar Tyagi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for organic waste treatment mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of residual solids coupled with the prospect of energy recovery from the biogas generated. However, the anaerobic process cannot be seen as providing the ‘complete’ solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental legislations and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. This book discusses anaerobic treatment from the perspective of organic wastes and wastewaters (municipal and industrial) followed by various post-treatment options for anaerobic effluent polishing and resource recovery. Coverage will also be from the perspective of future trends and thoughts on anaerobic technologies being able to support meeting the increasingly stringent disposal standards. The resource recovery angle is particularly interesting as this can arguably help achieve the circular economy. It is intended the information can be used to identify appropriate solutions for anaerobic effluent treatment and possible alternative approaches to the commonly applied post-treatment techniques. The succeeding discussion is intended to lead on to identification of opportunities for further research and development. This book can be used as a standard reference book and textbook in universities for Master and Doctoral students. The academic community relevant to the subject, namely faculty, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers, will find the book both informative and as a useful source of successful case studies.

Hazardous substances in plastics

Author : Stenmarck, Åsa
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289348496
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Hazardous substances in plastics by : Stenmarck, Åsa

Download or read book Hazardous substances in plastics written by Stenmarck, Åsa and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the project is to create knowledge on how plastics recycling can increase without increasing the risk of emitting hazardous substances to the environment.The first general conclusion is that to be able to increase recycling there are measures needed at different levels. The following areas are of interest: • Legislation: new legislation is not necessary, but harmonisation and clear guidance to the existing one is. • Market: to create a market safety on content is needed. • If substances added are less hazardous the recycled raw material would be “more safe” to use. • There should be higher attention put on the knowledge of the recyclers. • Traceability and content: Further work on labelling reaching the recycle part of the value chain needs to be developed. It is also needed to develop a systematic approach towards risk assessments linked to recycling.

Control and Treatment of Landfill Leachate for Sanitary Waste Disposal

Author : Aziz, Hamidi Abdul
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466696117
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

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Book Synopsis Control and Treatment of Landfill Leachate for Sanitary Waste Disposal by : Aziz, Hamidi Abdul

Download or read book Control and Treatment of Landfill Leachate for Sanitary Waste Disposal written by Aziz, Hamidi Abdul and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is an ever-increasing problem in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. To date, landfilling is still the preferred option for the disposal and management of MSW due to its low-cost operation. While this solution is advantageous from a cost perspective, it introduces a high level of potential pollutants which can be detrimental to the local environment. Control and Treatment of Landfill Leachate for Sanitary Waste Disposal presents research-based insights and solutions for the proper management and treatment of landfill leachate. Highlighting relevant topics on emerging technologies and treatment innovations for minimizing the environmental hazards of waste disposal, this innovative publication contributes to filling in many of the gaps that exist in the current literature available on leachate treatment. Waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, graduate students, and researchers will find this publication beneficial to their professional and academic interests in the area of waste treatment and management.

Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals

Author : Bommanna G. Loganathan
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439838313
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals by : Bommanna G. Loganathan

Download or read book Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals written by Bommanna G. Loganathan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pollution by man-made persistent organic chemicals (POCs) has been a serious global issue for over half a century. POCs are prevalent in air, water, soil, and organisms including wildlife and humans throughout the world. They do not degrade and cause long-term effect in organisms. Exposure to certain POCs may result in serious environ

Waste Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Author : Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799812111
Total Pages : 1680 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Waste Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Waste Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world’s population continues to grow and economic conditions continue to improve, more solid and liquid waste is being generated by society. Improper disposal methods can not only lead to harmful environmental impacts but can also negatively affect human health. To prevent further harm to the world’s ecosystems, there is a dire need for sustainable waste management practices that will safeguard the environment for future generations. Waste Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a vital reference source that examines the management of different types of wastes and provides relevant theoretical frameworks about new waste management technologies for the control of air, water, and soil pollution. Highlighting a range of topics such as contaminant removal, landfill treatment, and recycling, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for environmental engineers, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, policymakers, government officials, academicians, researchers, and students.

Soil Components and Human Health

Author : Rolf Nieder
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402412220
Total Pages : 907 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Components and Human Health by : Rolf Nieder

Download or read book Soil Components and Human Health written by Rolf Nieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 907 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights important links existing between soils and human health which up to now are not fully realized by the public. Soil materials may have deleterious, beneficial or no impacts on human health; therefore, understanding the complex relationships between diverse soil materials and human health will encourage creative cooperation between soil and environmental sciences and medicine. The topics covered in this book will be of immense value to a wide range of readers, including soil scientists, medical scientists and practitioners, nursing scientists and staff, toxicologists, ecologists, agronomists, geologists, geochemists, public health professionals, planners and several others.

A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule by :

Download or read book A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Forever Chemicals

Author : David M. Kempisty
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000405451
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Forever Chemicals by : David M. Kempisty

Download or read book Forever Chemicals written by David M. Kempisty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forever Chemicals: Environmental, Economic, and Social Equity Concerns with PFAS in the Environment provides the reader with an understanding of the complex and interwoven issues associated with per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in our environment. The chapters provide in-depth perspective into various issues, including health, regulation, detection, clean-up strategies and technologies, and more. Taken together or as the reader’s interests lead them, the variety of topics covered in the book present a balanced perspective on this complex topic. It will address the current state of PFAS and where indicators are pointing for future developments. The book is also a deeper investigation of the regulatory challenges, analytical hurdles, and toxicological progress to date for the suite of PFAS chemicals. Features Explains the trends that will affect future policy and regulatory decisions Looks holistically at 4000+ PFAS chemicals Includes PFAS risk assessments at contaminated sites and biomonitoring insights Provides in-depth discussions on remediation technologies Illustrates quality and diversified content Provides a balanced perspective on this complex topic

Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents, Second Edition,

Author : Erik Kissa
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824704728
Total Pages : 650 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents, Second Edition, by : Erik Kissa

Download or read book Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents, Second Edition, written by Erik Kissa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the synthesis, problems, theories and applications of fluorinated surfactants, this second edition is updated with four new chapters on repellency and protection against soiling and staining and over 2900 references, equations, and drawings (800 more than the previous edition). It lists alphabetically and explores numerous applications of fluorinated surfactants. Called "...a most useful introduction to these fascinating materials" by the Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology and "...a coherent and stimulating handbook...the most useful book in the fluorinated surfactants field to date. Recommended." by the Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions - this book is a source of factual data, methods of manufacture, and chemical structures for the surfactant scientist and user.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Author : Sridhar Pilli
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323999573
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering by : Sridhar Pilli

Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Sridhar Pilli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Treatment Technologies for Pre- and Poly-flourakyl Substances provides comprehensive details about per- and poly-fluroalkyls substances (PFASs), which are highly toxic and bio-accumulative substances that do not biodegrade easily or cannot be neutralized under normal environmental conditions. It discusses their occurrence in water, wastewater, and aquatic environment, their bioaccumulation in plants, environmental impacts and various remedial technologies for their treatment and management. All the chapters provide state-of-art information about PFASs, describing their identification methods, characterization and present critical analysis of the treatment methods such as physical, chemical, biological, hybrid and advanced systems. This book is a ready reference for the environmental engineers, municipal engineers, environmental practitioners, policy makers, and planners; it is also a practical guide for industrial engineers, government bodies and ecologists as well as for researchers. Describes occurrence of PFASs in aquatic environment and on plant Provides details on identification methods and characterization of PFAS Describes physical, chemical, biological, hybrid and advanced system treatments for PFASs Covers regulatory aspects on PFASs First dedicated book on PFASs