Pediatric Mr

Download Pediatric Mr full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Pediatric Mr ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

MR Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Disorders

Author : Stefan Blüml
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441958649
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis MR Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Disorders by : Stefan Blüml

Download or read book MR Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Disorders written by Stefan Blüml and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a modality available on most clinical MR scanners and readily integrated with standard MR imaging (MRI). For the brain in particular, MRS has been a powerful research tool providing additional clinically relevant information for several disease families such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. The most widely-available MRS method, proton (1H; hydrogen) spectroscopy, is FDA approved for general use in the US and can be ordered by clinicians for patient studies if indicated. There are several books available that describe applications of MRS in adults. However, to the best of our knowledge there is currently no book available that focuses exclusively on applications in pediatrics. MR spectroscopy in the pediatric population is different from adults for two main reasons. Particularly in the newborn phase the brain undergoes biochemical maturation with dramatic changes of the "normal" biochemical fingerprint. Secondly, brain diseases in the pediatric population are different from adult disorders. For example, brain tumors, which are mostly gliomas in the adults, often originate from different cell types and are also more diverse even within the same type and grade of tumor. This diversity of diseases and its implications for MR spectroscopy has not been addressed sufficiently in the literature, we believe. The target audience for "MR Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Disorders" are thus both clinicians and researchers involved with pediatric brain disorders. This includes radiologists, neurologists, neurooncologists, neurosurgeons, and more broadly the neuroscience and neurobiology community. This book will provide the necessary background information to understand the basics of MR spectroscopy. This will be followed by a detailed discussion of the normal biochemical maturation which will highlight the metabolic differences between the pediatric and adult brain. Thereafter, in SECTION I individual chapters will address various pediatric brain disease families. Of particular importance for pediatrics are case studies. For that reason, SECTION II will contain a large number of case studies. This will be particularly important for clinicians who may want to see examples of MRS for various conditions. A standardized format will be used for case reports that allow the reader to quickly understand the history of each case presented and the significance of the findings. The case reports will also include information from other imaging modalities to point out any added value of MRS in addition to conventional studies and clinical information. This section is necessary because the format of providing more complete information about individual patients is not practical for the chapters in SECTION I.

Pediatric MRI

Author : Rosalind B. Dietrich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric MRI by : Rosalind B. Dietrich

Download or read book Pediatric MRI written by Rosalind B. Dietrich and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pediatric MR Imaging, An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America

Author : Edward Y Lee
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323678203
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric MR Imaging, An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America by : Edward Y Lee

Download or read book Pediatric MR Imaging, An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America written by Edward Y Lee and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of MRI Clinics of North America focuses on Pediatric MR Imaging, and is edited by Dr. Edward Y. Lee. Articles will include: MRI Evaluation of Pediatric Neck Masses: Review and Update; MRI of Lungs and Airways in Children: Past and Present; Pediatric Mediastinal Masses: Role of MRI As a Problem-Solving Tool; Pediatric Cardiac MRI: Practical Preoperative Assessment; Hepatobiliary MRI in Children: Up-To-Date Imaging Techniques and Findings; Pediatric Renal Neoplasms: MRI-Based Practical Diagnostic Approach; MRI Evaluation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: Where Are We Now in 2018?; MRI Evaluation of Pediatric Genital Disorders: MR Technology Overview and Interpretation; Pediatric Sport-related Injuries: An Imaging Overview for Current and Future Daily Practice; MRI of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Tumors: Recent Advances and Clinical Applications; MRI Evaluation of Pediatric Lymphatics: Overview of Techniques and Imaging Findings; PET-MRI: Current Updates on Pediatric Applications; Tales from the Night: Emergency MRI in Pediatric Patients after Hours; and more!

MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy

Author : Julie A. Matsumoto
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199796424
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy by : Julie A. Matsumoto

Download or read book MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy written by Julie A. Matsumoto and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2018 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy provides rapid decision support during the interpretation of pediatric brain MRI when assessment of myelination and maturation present special challenges. Reference images are annotated to highlight key developmental features in the first three years of life for efficient, confident, reliable, and clinically valuable MRI interpretations.

Pediatric MR

Author : Diego Jaramillo
Publisher : Saunders
ISBN 13 : 9781416062264
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (622 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric MR by : Diego Jaramillo

Download or read book Pediatric MR written by Diego Jaramillo and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2008-07-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the past ten years MR has been validated in its ability to provide clinically relevant information in a wide variety of pediatric conditions. With the increasing technological innovations there are new challenges to radiologists, who must understand new physical principles, findings, and clinical applications of MRI. As guest editor, Marilyn Siegel has selected topics that are considered to be of current importance and of widespread clinical relevance in pediatric body imaging. These topics include: MRA abdominal and peripheral vessels, MR Urography, and Musculoskeletal MRI at 3 Tesla. Readers of the MRI Clinics of North America will find this to be a valued and timely resource as they expand their involvement in pediatric MR imaging.

Imaging in Pediatrics E-Book

Author : A. Carlson Merrow, Jr.
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323482066
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Imaging in Pediatrics E-Book by : A. Carlson Merrow, Jr.

Download or read book Imaging in Pediatrics E-Book written by A. Carlson Merrow, Jr. and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every page crafted by a collaborative team of pediatricians and pediatric radiologists, this unique title by Drs. A. Carlson Merrow, Jr. and Selena Hariharan is a practical, superbly illustrated reference designed specifically for today’s pediatrician. An ideal roadmap to the fast-changing landscape of diagnostic imaging tests, Imaging in Pediatrics not only guides you through the radiologic work-up of common pediatric disorders, but also translates the appearance and language of the work-up results for more effective communication between the pediatrician and the radiologist, resulting in enhanced understanding and better patient care. Uses easy-to-read, bulleted text to highlight the most important facts about each disorder and its associated etiology, imaging work-up, clinical manifestations, and therapy. Covers 248 diagnoses likely seen in practice, logically organized by anatomic region. Helps you determine which studies to order and demonstrates and explains typical findings in accessible language. Provides expanded coverage of key topics, including the imaging work-up of appendicitis that relies on ultrasound and MR over CT; new guidelines on vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections; up-to-date recommendations on imaging in nonaccidental trauma, foreign body removal, and obesity-related diseases; revised nomenclature on pediatric lung diseases, vascular malformations, and neoplasms; and guidance on limiting the use of ionizing radiation in evaluating pediatric diseases. Includes an imaging glossary, introductory prose chapters with general guidelines on imaging specific organ systems, and numerous illustrations depicting complex anatomic and pathologic relationships of individual entities.

Pediatric Body MRI

Author : Edward Y. Lee
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030319915
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Body MRI by : Edward Y. Lee

Download or read book Pediatric Body MRI written by Edward Y. Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-06-07 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique, authoritative and clinically oriented text on pediatric body MRI. It is your one-step reference for current information on pediatric body MRI addressing all aspects of congenital and acquired disorders. The easy-to-navigate text is divided into 17 chapters. Each chapter is organized to comprehensively cover the latest MRI techniques, fundamental embryology and anatomy, normal development and anatomic variants, key clinical presentation, characteristic imaging findings with MRI focus, differential diagnosis and pitfalls, as well as up-to-date management and treatment. Written by internationally known pediatric radiology experts and editorial team lead by acclaimed author, Edward Y. Lee, MD, MPH, this book is an ideal guide for practicing radiologists, radiology trainees, MRI technologists as well as clinicians in other specialties who are interested in pediatric body MRI.

Pediatric Body MRI

Author : Edward Y. Lee
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303031989X
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Body MRI by : Edward Y. Lee

Download or read book Pediatric Body MRI written by Edward Y. Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-23 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique, authoritative and clinically oriented text on pediatric body MRI. It is your one-step reference for current information on pediatric body MRI addressing all aspects of congenital and acquired disorders. The easy-to-navigate text is divided into 17 chapters. Each chapter is organized to comprehensively cover the latest MRI techniques, fundamental embryology and anatomy, normal development and anatomic variants, key clinical presentation, characteristic imaging findings with MRI focus, differential diagnosis and pitfalls, as well as up-to-date management and treatment. Written by internationally known pediatric radiology experts and editorial team lead by acclaimed author, Edward Y. Lee, MD, MPH, this book is an ideal guide for practicing radiologists, radiology trainees, MRI technologists as well as clinicians in other specialties who are interested in pediatric body MRI.

Pediatric Brain and Spine

Author : L.M. Ketonen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540213406
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (134 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Brain and Spine by : L.M. Ketonen

Download or read book Pediatric Brain and Spine written by L.M. Ketonen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an atlas on contemporary MR imaging of the reer in neuroradiology she has continuously gathered pediatric central nervous system. We have concen- interesting cases. When Dr. Ketonen moved from trated on brain imaging,but have an extensive chap- Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston to the U- ter on the spine and a smaller chapter on the head versity of Rochester it was quite obvious,looking into and neck. her new of?ce, that she had a very extensive collec- The book starts with a chapter on the normal tion of such cases. She would have needed a much myelinization and normal variance. We are including larger of?ce than the one we were able to offer her chapters on malformations,inherited conditions,in- just to store her enormous teaching ?le. Seeing her fection,tumors,trauma,vascular abnormalities,and phenomenal collection of cases and pairing that with spine abnormalities. The last chapter of the book is a our positive experience writing our previous book, miscellaneous chapter that includes all those cases Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Brain, it was that did not ?t well in other categories. The chapter obvious that we had both an idea and the material for on trauma and brain damage includes an extensive another neuro-imaging book. We decided on the t- section on CNS manifestations of nonaccidental pe- ic of pediatric neuro-imaging with Dr. Ketonen as the diatric trauma. There is an also an exciting chapter lead author.

Hybrid PET/MR Neuroimaging

Author : Ana M. Franceschi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030823679
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hybrid PET/MR Neuroimaging by : Ana M. Franceschi

Download or read book Hybrid PET/MR Neuroimaging written by Ana M. Franceschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference and comprehensive guide for PET/MR neuroimaging. The field of PET/MR is rapidly evolving, however, there is no standard resource summarizing the vast information and its potential applications. This book will guide neurological molecular imaging applications in both clinical practice and the research setting. Experts from multiple disciplines, including radiologists, researchers, and physicists, have collaborated to bring their knowledge and expertise together. Sections begin by covering general considerations, including public health and economic implications, the physics of PET/MR systems, an overview of hot lab and cyclotron, and radiotracers used in neurologic PET/MRI. There is then coverage of each major disease/systemic category, including dementia and neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy localization, brain tumors, inflammatory and infectious CNS disorders, head and neck imaging, as well as vascular hybrid imaging. Together, we have created a thorough, concise and up-to-date textbook in a unique, user-friendly format. This is an ideal guide for neuroradiologists, nuclear medicine specialists, medical physicists, clinical trainees and researchers.

Pediatric Imaging E-Book

Author : Lane F. Donnelly
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1455726796
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Imaging E-Book by : Lane F. Donnelly

Download or read book Pediatric Imaging E-Book written by Lane F. Donnelly and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-10-17 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by Lane F. Donnelly, MD, recipient of the Society of Pediatric Radiology’s 2009 Singleton-Taybi Award for professional lifetime dedication to medical education, "Pediatric Imaging: The Fundamentals" makes it remarkably simple to learn how to safely perform and accurately interpret pediatric imaging studies. Ideal for residents and practitioners alike, this reader-friendly text emphasizes advanced imaging applications—including neuro applications—while nearly 400 high-quality, clinically relevant digital images (nearly 100 in color) clearly demonstrate essential concepts, techniques, and interpretation skills. Full-chapter coverage of current breakthroughs in PET/CT, MR sleep studies, fetal imaging, and more, ensure that you have the latest information available at your fingertips. Offers full-chapter coverage of current breakthroughs in PET/CT, MR sleep studies, fetal imaging, and more, ensuring that you have the latest information at your fingertips. Emphasizes advanced imaging applications, including neuro applications. Highlights the basic anatomy needed to understand this complex subspecialty. Provides an in-depth discussion of patient safety issues to help you gain a basic understanding of radiology and its effect on the pediatric patient. Presents information in a reader-friendly format through lists, tables, and images that makes reference quick and easy. Includes nearly 650 high-quality, clinically relevant digital images that clearly demonstrate essential concepts, techniques, and interpretation skills.

Fundamentals of Pediatric Imaging

Author : Lane F. Donnelly
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128222565
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Pediatric Imaging by : Lane F. Donnelly

Download or read book Fundamentals of Pediatric Imaging written by Lane F. Donnelly and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Pediatric Imaging, Third Edition presents the foremost techniques of pediatric medical image analysis and processing. It includes advanced imaging techniques, neuro applications, and highlights basic anatomy needed to understand this complex specialty. The book introduces the theory and concepts of pediatric digital image analysis and newly revised information on quality and safety topics, imaging modalities, imaging applications, and new discoveries in diseases and treatments. The newly revised edition provides updates in areas of expertise including neurologic, musculoskeletal, cardiac, chest, and GU imaging. Edited by Lane F. Donnelly, MD, recipient of the Society of Pediatric Radiology’s 2009 Singleton-Taybi Award, this book is sure to be a prime reference in pediatric medical imagining. Includes over 650 high-quality digital images clearly demonstrating essential concepts, techniques, and interpretation skills Discusses advanced MR imaging topics such as MR enterography, MR urography, and cardiac CT and MRI Contains reader-friendly lists, tables, and images for quick and easy referencing Includes imaging modalities, imaging applications, and new discoveries in diseases and treatments

MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy

Author : Julie A. Matsumoto
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190455640
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy by : Julie A. Matsumoto

Download or read book MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy written by Julie A. Matsumoto and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI Atlas of Pediatric Brain Maturation and Anatomy and its software application offer a concise review of normal myelin, myelination, and commonly used MR techniques. Practical points on using MRI to assess the progress of brain maturation are discussed, followed by clinically relevant summaries of normal MR appearances grouped by age. The book version contains abridged sets of normal reference MR images between preterm and 3 years of age. The software proivides immediate access to over 13,000 high resolution, normal comparison MR images of subjects ranging in age from 32 gestational weeks to 3 years. Designed as both a practical clinical resource and educational tool, the software is ideal for use at the imaging workstation where one can rapidly bring up complete sets of high quality, scrollable MR reference images with guiding annotations to ensure more accurate and clinically valuable interpretations. Suspected deviations from normal brain development or MR signal can be more confidently identified or excluded, and diagnostic errors arising from unfamiliarity with the changing MR appearances of the immature brain can be minimized.

Pediatric Body Imaging with Advanced MDCT and MRI, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America

Author : Edward Y Lee
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032318815X
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Body Imaging with Advanced MDCT and MRI, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America by : Edward Y Lee

Download or read book Pediatric Body Imaging with Advanced MDCT and MRI, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America written by Edward Y Lee and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-07-28 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The whole of pediatric imaging is covered in this issue edited by Edward Lee of the Children's Hospital in Boston. Topics include Genitourinary Imaging Evaluation, Pediatric Hepatobiliary MR Imaging, Clinical Application of 3D and 4D MRI Vascular Imaging, CT Pulmonary Angiography, Vascular Anomalies, Static and Functional MDCT and MR Imaging Evaluation of Tracheobronchomalacia, Cartilage Imaging, MR Imaging of Pediatric Muscular Disorders, and MR Imaging of Rheumatologic Diseases.

Essence of Pediatrics

Author : M. R. Khan
Publisher : Elsevier India
ISBN 13 : 8131228045
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Essence of Pediatrics by : M. R. Khan

Download or read book Essence of Pediatrics written by M. R. Khan and published by Elsevier India. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From their vast knowledge and experience, authors bring the essence of the subject "pediatrics" in the form of this text book, which will serve the purpose for students (both undergraduate and postgraduates), teachers and practicing pediatricians. Covers all common pediatric problems prevailing in the Indian sub-continent in lucid and easy-to-understand language. Concise, contains the recent updates, more community oriented, edited more frequently, less voluminous. Written by well-experienced eminent authors, who are serving as Professors and Consultants, facing day-to-day challenges of the subject. Designed as a textbook for both undergraduate and postgraduate students and as a guide to the teachers of pediatrics and practicing pediatricians. Chapters like Neonatology, Infant Feeding, Growth and Development, Neurology, Oncology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Immunization have been revised completely; and topics like Nephrotic Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, Newer Vaccines, Infectious Diseases, Genetic Disorders, Neurometabolic and Seizure Disorders have been updated extensively. New chapter, 'Drug Therapy', has been added; all critical emergency information, including shock, resuscitation, and life-threatening conditions are discussed duly. Management of common pediatric problems has been written following most recent WHO guidelines.

Pediatric Neuroradiology

Author : Paolo Tortori-Donati
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540263985
Total Pages : 1785 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Neuroradiology by : Paolo Tortori-Donati

Download or read book Pediatric Neuroradiology written by Paolo Tortori-Donati and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-25 with total page 1785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exhaustive text covers all aspects of diagnosis and endovascular treatment of neurological and neurosurgical diseases of the pediatric central nervous system starting from their in utero expression. It also includes the vascular malformations of each district and their endovascular treatment. Besides the "normal" imaging techniques the advanced techniques (spectroscopy, diffusion, perfusion, and functional imaging) are covered in detail. Several topics that are often only superficially dealt with in other books are herewith covered in outstanding detail. The volume is richly illustrated with high-quality neuroradiological images, with pathological correlation where applicable. The rich analytic index makes it an easily usable tool in the everyday clinical practice. The book serves both as a reference for specialists (neuroradiologists, radiologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, pediatricians) and as a teaching text for residents and fellows-in-training.

Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics

Author : Douglas S. Diekema
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139501836
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics by : Douglas S. Diekema

Download or read book Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics written by Douglas S. Diekema and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a practical overview of the ethical issues arising in pediatric practice. The case-based approach grounds the bioethical concepts in real-life situations, covering a broad range of important and controversial topics, including informed consent, confidentiality, truthfulness and fidelity, ethical issues relating to perinatology and neonatology, end-of-life issues, new technologies, and problems of justice and public health in pediatrics. A dedicated section also addresses the topics of professionalism, including boundary issues, conflicts of interests and relationships with industry, ethical issues arising during training, and dealing with the impaired or unethical colleague. Each chapter contains a summary of the key issues covered and recommendations for approaching similar situations in other contexts. Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook is an essential resource for all physicians who care for children, as well as medical educators, residents and scholars in clinical bioethics.