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Pathways And Challenges For Efficient Desalination
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Book Synopsis Pathways and Challenges for Efficient Desalination by : Muhammad Wakil Shahzad
Download or read book Pathways and Challenges for Efficient Desalination written by Muhammad Wakil Shahzad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to industrialization and increasing population, water demand continues to grow at compound annual growth rates of 7–8%. The current demand is also intensified by increased water utilization for hand washing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, around 20,000 desalination plants operating around the world produce 100 million cubic meters of water per day to supply 300 million people. These desalination plants are a major source of environmental and marine pollution due to their inefficient operation. Scientists and researchers are encouraged to develop out-of-box solutions to achieve future sustainability. This book addresses key challenges related to the desalination industry.
Book Synopsis Desalination by : Mohammad Hossein Davood Abadi Farahani
Download or read book Desalination written by Mohammad Hossein Davood Abadi Farahani and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undoubtedly, drinking water of an acceptable quality has become a scarce commodity. Water shortage is becoming a major concern all around the world due to limited freshwater resources as well as the high cost of freshwater transportation from freshwater-rich areas to arid areas. As a result, solutions such as water recycling and desalination of saline or brackish water are being introduced and emerging worldwide as alternative ways of supplying water. Desalination of seawater is known to be one of mankind’s earliest forms of water treatment, and it has become one of the most sustainable alternative solutions to provide freshwater for many communities and industrial sectors. This book aims to cover the challenges and opportunities in desalination processes.
Book Synopsis Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis by : Stewart Burn
Download or read book Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis written by Stewart Burn and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early applications of desalination were small-scale plants deploying a range of technologies. However with the technological developments in Reverse Osmosis, most new plants use this technology because it has a proven history of use and low energy and capital costs compared with other available desalination technologies. This has led to the recent trend for larger seawater desalination plants in an effort to further reduce costs, and 1000 MLD seawater desalination plants are projected by 2020. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis recognises that desalination by reverse osmosis has progressed significantly over the last decades and provides an up to date review of the state of the art for the reverse osmosis process. It covers issues that arise from desalination operations, environmental issues and ideas for research that will bring further improvements in this technology. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis provides a complete guide to best practice from pre-treatment through to project delivery. Editors: Stewart Burn, Visiting Scientist, CSIRO Manufacturing. Adjunct Professor, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University. Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University. Stephen Gray, Director, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University.
Book Synopsis Thermodynamically-driven Advances in Efficient and Cost-effective Desalination and Brine Concentration by : Andrew Thomas Bouma
Download or read book Thermodynamically-driven Advances in Efficient and Cost-effective Desalination and Brine Concentration written by Andrew Thomas Bouma and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global water resources face a number of challenges. Growing global population and rising standards of living have led to increased water demand for domestic use, agricultural irrigation, and industrial processes. The effects of climate change have resulted in changes to historical patterns of rainfall and water supply. Severe and lasting water shortages are becoming more common and widespread, so that existing water infrastructure cannot provide stable resources in some regions. Alternative water sources, such as seawater desalination, brackish water desalination, and zero liquid discharge desalination, can help bridge this gap. However, to avoid amplifying the climate crisis, carbon emissions associated with desalination and brine concentration must be minimized. As a result of the rising use of desalinated water and the inherently large energy cost associated with desalinating seawater, developing efficient desalination technologies has become a major focus of water research. This work develops improved metrics, technoeconomic models, and technological advances to raise the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of desalination and brine concentration technologies. First, evaluating technological improvements and new technologies relies on the ability to fairly and accurately quantify the value of said improvements. However, accurately evaluating and comparing the energy consumption of desalination plants that use different forms and grades of energy is difficult. To fully capture the thermodynamic and economic cost of energy, and to fairly compare desalination systems that use different grades of input energy, energy consumption must be compared not at the point where energy enters the desalination plant itself, but as primary energy entering a power plant in a coproduction arrangement. The first section of this work investigates a variety of metrics for comparing the energy and exergy consumption attributable to desalination in coproduction plants, evaluates 48 different power-water coproduction systems, and compares the primary energy consumption of multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) from a thermoeconomic perspective. The entropy generation at the RO membrane and in the MED effects are derived in similar terms, which enables a comparison of the overall heat transfer coefficient in an MED system to the permeability of an RO membrane. RO is shown to outperform MED in energy efficiency because of a balance of material costs, transport coefficients, and cost of energy. Second, technoeconomic principles from the first section are applied to a case study. This work evaluates the technoecnomic feasibility of collocating a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with an existing nuclear power plant, specifically the 2.2~GW[subscript e] Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant on California's central coast. This work shows that at a collocated plant, the sharing of seawater intake and outfall structures, reduced power costs due to reductions in transmission costs, and potential additional cost savings from economies of scale could enable desalination plants to produce water at half the cost of other stand-alone desalination alternatives. This work is the first to show that collocated RO and nuclear power have strong coupling that results in a significant economic advantage over seawater desalination at other sites. These advantages are not unique to the Diablo Canyon site and should be applicable to dozens of existing nuclear power facilities. Third, this work evaluates newly developed brine concentration technologies, specifically low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis (LSRRO) and osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO). A variety of technology configurations, including single and multi-staged systems are investigated and optimized. Systems are separately designed for both minimal energy consumption and minimum system size, resulting in a design envelope that contains all cost-optimal designs. This work improves on existing literature by simulating designs in realistic form factors and using probably membrane parameters. Evaluation of exergy destruction provides insight into system operation and optimization. This work shows that the novel semi-split OARO configuration improves on both split-feed and split-brine OARO configurations, improving both energy consumption and membrane usage compared to existing designs, and extending the operating range of standalone systems. LSRRO systems are likely to have smaller system sizes than OARO systems, although specific membrane costs will determine whether this translates to cost benefits.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse by : Eric M.V. Hoek
Download or read book Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse written by Eric M.V. Hoek and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past half century, reverse osmosis (RO) has grown from a nascent niche technology into the most versatile and effective desalination and advanced water treatment technology available. However, there remain certain challenges for improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of RO desalination plants in various applications. In low-pressure RO applications, both capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) costs are largely influenced by product water recovery, which is typically limited by mineral scale formation. In seawater applications, recovery tends to be limited by the salinity limits on brine discharge and cost is dominated by energy demand. The combination of water scarcity and sustainability imperatives, in many locations, is driving system designs towards minimal and zero liquid discharge (M/ZLD) for inland brackish water, municipal and industrial wastewaters, and even seawater desalination. Herein, we review the basic principles of RO processes, the state-of-the-art for RO membranes, modules and system designs as well as methods for concentrating and treating brines to achieve MLD/ZLD, resource recovery and renewable energy powered desalination systems. Throughout, we provide examples of installations employing conventional and some novel approaches towards high recovery RO in a range of applications from brackish groundwater desalination to oil and gas produced water treatment and seawater desalination.
Book Synopsis Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination by : Hacene Mahmoudi
Download or read book Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination written by Hacene Mahmoudi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a thorough overview of the latest trends and challenges in renewable energy technologies applications for water desalination, with an emphasis on environmental concerns and sustainable development. Emphasis is on the various uses of renewable energy, as well as economics & scale-up, government subsidies & regulations, and environmental concerns. It provides an indication on how renewable energy technologies are rapidly emerging with the promise of economic and environmental viability for desalination. Further it gives a clear indication on how exactly to accelerate the expansion and commercialization of novel water production systems powered by renewable energies and in what manner environmental concerns may be minimized. This book is all-inclusive and wide-ranging and directed at decision makers in government, industry and the academic world as well as students.
Book Synopsis Desalination Sustainability by : Hassan Arafat
Download or read book Desalination Sustainability written by Hassan Arafat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desalination Sustainability: A Technical, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Approach presents a technical, socioeconomical, and environmental approach that guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools. The book offers the technical reader an understanding of the issues related to desalination sustainability. For example, technology users, such as public utility managers will gain the ability and tools to assess whether or not desalination is a good choice for a city or country. Readers will learn new insights on a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools, such as levelized cost of water (LCOW) calculation. Decision-makers will find this book to be a valuable resource for the preliminary assessment of whether renewable-powered desalination is a good choice for their particular setting. Presents the issues related to desalination sustainability Guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools Outlines a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools Provides a roadmap for decision-makers on the applicability of a desalination process at a particular setting
Book Synopsis A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Desalination by : Alireza Bazargan
Download or read book A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Desalination written by Alireza Bazargan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although more than 70% of the globe is covered with water, only a small portion is suitable for direct human use, making the scarcity of freshwater one of our plant's most serious challenges. In this context "desalination", defined as "the removal of salt from water", is one of the possible solutions for overcoming our planet's municipal and industrial thirst. By drawing upon the authoritative expertise of a remarkable team of international authors, this book aims to provide an encompassing and "multidisciplinary" introduction to various aspects of desalination. The forte of this publication is that it does not overtly focus on a particular sub-topic of desalination, but rather addresses the topic as a whole. In other words, the unique assortment of reader-friendly chapters is designed to strike a delicate balance between the technical and non-technical. The book is divided into five general sections:The first section presents an overview of water scarcity, followed by a review of integrated water management and the alternatives to desalination. The fundamentals of desalination are provided, including simple water chemistry;The second section covers the conventional technologies of today, including thermal and membrane desalination processes. The topics of pre- and post- treatment are given due credit, as no desalination plant can operate without them;The third section reviews the history of how desalination technologies originated, including a review of today's R&D activities and cutting edge research. The processes and engineering applied for membrane manufacturing are also presented;Section four is concerned with energy and environmental issues, including the application of renewable and nuclear energy, minimization of energy usage and the water-energy-nexus, brine management, and environmental impacts;Finally, section five covers the social and commercial issues, ranging from rural desalination, to the politics of desalination. Desalination costs and feasibility are presented, as well as issues in business development and the future market prospects.Effectively, A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Desalination aims to be a holistic go-to-compendium for anyone seeking a balanced understanding of the various facets of desalination
Book Synopsis Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book explores the most promising and reliable technological developments expected to impact on the next generation of desalination systems. The book includes research studies which takes the reader on a fascinating walk through the multidisciplinary world of membrane science applied to water treatment. Concerning the ultimate technological advancement, the book seeks to investigate how to bridge the gap between the laboratory scale and the applicability to industry.
Book Synopsis Efficient Desalination by : Stewart Burn
Download or read book Efficient Desalination written by Stewart Burn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Early applications of desalination were small-scale plants deploying a range of technologies. However with the technological developments in Reverse Osmosis, most new plants use this technology because it has a proven history of use and low energy and capital costs compared with other available desalination technologies. This has led to the recent trend for larger seawater desalination plants in an effort to further reduce costs, and 1000 MLD seawater desalination plants are projected by 2020. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis recognises that desalination by reverse osmosis has progressed significantly over the last decades and provides an up to date review of the state of the art for the reverse osmosis process. It covers issues that arise from desalination operations, environmental issues and ideas for research that will bring further improvements in this technology. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis provides a complete guide to best practice from pre-treatment through to project delivery. Editors: Stewart Burn, Visiting Scientist, CSIRO Manufacturing. Adjunct Professor, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University. Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University. Stephen Gray, Director, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University.
Download or read book Desalination written by Jane Kucera and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Blue is the new green.” This is an all-new revised edition of a modern classic on one of the most important subjects in engineering: Water. Featuring a total revision of the initial volume, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, a technology that is becoming increasingly more important as more and more companies choose to “go green.” This book covers all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems, from the fundamental principles of desalination technology and membranes to the much more advanced engineering principles necessary for designing a desalination system. Earlier chapters cover the basic principles, the economics of desalination, basic terms and definitions, and essential equipment. The book then goes into the thermal processes involved in desalination, such as various methods of evaporation, distillation, recompression, and multistage flash. Following that is an exhaustive discussion of the membrane processes involved in desalination, such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter on the future of these technologies and their place in industry and how they can be of use to society. This book is a must-have for anyone working in water, for engineers, technicians, scientists working in research and development, and operators. It is also useful as a textbook for graduate classes studying industrial water applications.
Book Synopsis Desalination Technology by : Joseph Cotruvo
Download or read book Desalination Technology written by Joseph Cotruvo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desalination Technology: Health and Environmental Impacts covers the latest developments in desalination, examining the environmental and public health-related impacts of these technologies. Written by international experts, the text presents specifications for assessing water quality, technical issues associated with desalination technologies, and the chemical aspects of desalinated water and its microbiology. The book also discusses environmental protection issues that assist in the optimization of proposed and existing desalination facilities to ensure that nations and consumers enjoy the benefits of the expanded access to desalinated water. This includes coverage of health and environmental issues such as energy conservation and sustainability as well as protection of delicate coastal ecosystems and groundwater from contamination by surface disposal of concentrates—challenges that must be addressed during the design, construction, and operation of a desalination facility. Development of new and improved desalinization technologies, including major cost reduction trends, have significantly broadened the opportunities to access large quantities of safe water in many parts of the world. And while there are many books available on desalination, this book’s unusual approach blends technical coverage of the latest technologies with coverage of the environmental and public health-related impacts of these technologies, setting it apart from other resources. It provides technical guidance based on the practical expertise of a balanced group of international scientists and engineers.
Book Synopsis Review of the Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap by : National Research Council
Download or read book Review of the Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-05-20 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bureau of Reclamation and Sandia National Laboratories jointly developed the Roadmap to serve as a strategic research pathway for desalination and water purification technologies to meet future water needs. The book recommends that the Roadmap include a sharper focus on the research and technological advancements needed to reach the long-term objectives. The book also suggests that the environmental, economic, and social costs of energy required by increased dependence on desalination be examined. Strategies for implementing the Roadmap initiative are provided.
Book Synopsis Desalination by : National Research Council
Download or read book Desalination written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-09-14 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been an exponential increase in desalination capacity both globally and nationally since 1960, fueled in part by growing concern for local water scarcity and made possible to a great extent by a major federal investment for desalination research and development. Traditional sources of supply are increasingly expensive, unavailable, or controversial, but desalination technology offers the potential to substantially reduce water scarcity by converting the almost inexhaustible supply of seawater and the apparently vast quantities of brackish groundwater into new sources of freshwater. Desalination assesses the state of the art in relevant desalination technologies, and factors such as cost and implementation challenges. It also describes reasonable long-term goals for advancing desalination technology, posits recommendations for action and research, estimates the funding necessary to support the proposed research agenda, and identifies appropriate roles for governmental and nongovernmental entities.
Book Synopsis Desalination in Nuclear Power Plants by : Gustavo Alonso
Download or read book Desalination in Nuclear Power Plants written by Gustavo Alonso and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desalination in Nuclear Power Plants presents the latest research on a variety of nuclear desalination techniques for different nuclear reactor systems; it includes also several aspects regarding competitiveness, sustainability, safety, and licensing process. Authors Alonso, del Valle, and Ramirez explore the possibilities of the cogeneration of water and electricity using a nuclear reactor. This book consolidates the latest research to provide readers with a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the thermal, membrane, and hybrid desalination processes, along with a comprehensive methodology to guide the reader on how to perform levelized cost analyses for water and electricity. The conditions for the coupling of nuclear reactors and desalination plants are presented, and techniques to maximize water and energy production and to reduce their corresponding costs are provided. Mathematical modeling techniques for different components of the power plant are also included based on mass and energy state equations, as well as different steam currents alternatives for coupling along with a proposed method for their evaluation. Explains nuclear cogeneration in the context of multiobjective optimized methods and their application in the design of a cogeneration system of water and electricity Explores principles to optimize the cogeneration process from an economic and thermal perspective (exergoeconomic analysis) Includes competitiveness, sustainability, safety, and licensing of the nuclear desalination system
Book Synopsis Solar Desalination for the 21st Century by : Lucio Rizzuti
Download or read book Solar Desalination for the 21st Century written by Lucio Rizzuti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-23 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of the NATO Science Series presents the state-of-the-art of Desalination Technologies driven by Renewable Energies, highlighting the results achieved in the research field and presenting the potentialities of such technologies. It provides an up-to-date point-of-reference on the topic, giving an extensive overview of the current status of solar desalination, both from the research and industrial point of view.
Book Synopsis COMMON FUNDAMENTALS AND UNIT OPERATIONS IN THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEMS - Volume II by :
Download or read book COMMON FUNDAMENTALS AND UNIT OPERATIONS IN THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEMS - Volume II written by and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes are part of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The three volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Common Fundamentals and Unit Operations in Thermal Desalination Systems such as: Conventional Water Treatment Technologies; Guidelines for Potable Water Purification; Advanced Treatment Technologies for Recycle - Reuse of Domestic Wastewater; Composition of Desalinated Water; Crystallization; Deep Bed Filtration: Modeling Theory and Practice; Distillation ; Rectification; Flocculation and Flocculation Filtration; Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies; Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration; Post-Treatment of Distillate and Permeate; Pre-Cleaning Measures: Filtration; Raw Water Pre-Treatment: Sludge Treatment Technologies; Supercritical Extraction; Potential for Industrial Wastewater Reuse; Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactors; Unconventional Sources of Water Supply; Problem of Non-Condensable Gas Release in Evaporators; Entrainment in Evaporators; Mist Eliminators; Chemical Hazards in Seawater Desalination by the Multistage-Flash Evaporation Technique; Concentration of Liquid Foods; Environmental Impact of Seawater Desalination Plants; Environmental Impacts of Intakes and Out Falls; Industrial Ecology, Water Resources, and Desalination; Rural and Urban Water Supply and Sanitation; Sustainable Development, Water Supply and Sanitation Technology These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers.
